\  PENNSYLVANIA 


VOLUNTEERS 
1861-5 


-  FIRST 


REGIMENT 


EXCHANGE 


,,   u*i-;ffe$". 


HISTORY 

Sixty-firft  Regiment 

Pennsylvania  Volunteers 

1861-1865 


UNDER  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  REGIMENTAL  ASSOCIATION 


The  Spirits  of  all  ages  after  their  sun  is  set,  are  gathered  into 

one  firmament,  to  shed  their  unquenchable 

light  upon  us  all. 


A.  T.  BREWER 

HISTORIAN 


This  book  is  dedicated  to  the  patriotic  and 
self-sacrificing  people  of  Pennsylvania,  through 
whose  generosity  it  has  been  produced. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PRESIDENT  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 
COL.  OLIVER  H.  RIPPEY    .    . 
COL.  GEORGE  C.  SPEAR      .     . 
LIEUT. -CoL.  JOHN  W.  CROSBY 
COL.  ROBERT  L.  ORR 


.    Frontispiece 

Opposite  Page  17 

Opposite  Page  50 

Opposite  Page  130 

Opposite  Page  154 


1911 

ART  ENGRAVING  &  PRINTING  CO. 
PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


He  is  a  SLAVE  who  FEARS  to  SPEAK 
For  the  FALLEN  and  WEAK ; 

He  is  a  SLAVE  who  FEARS  TO  BE, 
Though  in  the  RIGHT, 

Counted  with  TWO  or  THREE. 

-  Lowell 


239274 


PREFACE. 


The  Sixty-first  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  began  its  brilliant  career 
in  August,  1861,  and  ended  it  June  28,  1865.  The  men,  coming  from  four  different 
sections  of  the  state,  widely  separated,  had  little  opportunity  to  perpetuate  their  ac 
quaintance,  and,  having  no  regimental  association  they  gradually  merged  into  the 
communities  whence  they  came.  Now,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  half  a  century,  stimu 
lated  by  a  generous  law  of  the  state,  the  survivors  are  presenting  this  history. 

Fortunately,  the  regiment,  in  all  its  experience,  served  with  troops  in  the  region 
where  the  most  tremendous  operations  were  conducted  of  which  ample  official  records 
exist;  besides,  innumerable  accounts  have  been  published,  many  written  by  the 
men  conspicuous  in  the  services  described.  From  these  reliable  sources  of  information, 
supplemented  by  recollection,  by  diaries  kept  during  the  war,  and  by  various  newspaper 
accounts  and  other  publications,  it  has  been  comparatively  easy  to  write  a  history  of 
the  regiment  as  an  organization  composing  a  part  of  certain  brigades,  divisions,  corps 
and  armies.  Such  a  history  is  of  vast  importance  to  the  people  of  the  state  and  of 
priceless  value  to  the  survivors  of  the  regiment,  and  would  richly  deserve  publication 
in  a  convenient  and  accessible  form  if  it  went  no  further. 

But  the  regiment,  from  the  first  to  last,  had  1987  men,  whose  heroic  deeds  gave  it 
the  fame  of  which  the  state  is  so  justly  proud.  The  individual  record,  the  roster  as 
it  is  called,  of  these  men  is  of  great  interest  and  importance  to  them  and  their  descendants. 
And  if  the  general,  regimental  and  line  officers  had  kept  books  and  records,  had  made 
reports  and  statements  as  required  by  military  regulations,  there  would  be  no  diffi 
culty  in  giving  a  complete  account  of  the  services  of  each  man.  But  the  officers  generally 
high  and  low,  upon  whom  the  responsibility  rested,  paid  little  attention  to  what  they 
called  red  tape,  and  the  Government  itself  shared  the  indifference,  ignoring  statutes 
as  well  as  regulations.  In  fact,  the  struggle  was  so  great  and  the  number  so  vast  that 
only  current,  obvious  and  absolute  essentials  received  official  attention. 

The  Sixty-first  suffered  in  common  with  other  organizations,  leaving  the  service 
at  the  end  of  the  war  with  an  imperfect  record.  Under  these  conditions,  the  Govern 
ment  itself  not  having  made  a  correct  record,  it  is  not  reasonable  to  expect  the  sur 
vivors  to  do  so  after  the  lapse  of  over  forty  years,  especially  when,  for  historic  purposes, 
the  nation  is  compelled  to  deny  access  to  its  own  meager  records  as  improved  and 
supplemented  since  the  war  closed.  Working  under  the  difficulties  incident  to  such  a 
situation,  the  rosters  have  been  prepared  and  are  presented  herewith,  practically  com 
plete  as  to  field  and  staff  and  companies  A  and  D,  but  defective  in  greater  or  less  degree 
as  to  the  other  companies. 

In  preparing  the  narrative  in  this  volume  the  historian  has  reread  all  the  good  works 
on  the  subject  with  which  he  is  familiar,  such  as  the  memoirs  of  Generals  Grant  and 
Sheridan.  The  books  of  Generals  McClellan,  Doubleday,  Humphreys,  Webb,  Keifer 
and  Horace  Porter.  The  excellent  histories  by  Dr.  George  T.  Stevens,  George  E- 
Pond,  F.  W.  Palfrey,  John  C.  Ropes,  the  Count  of  Paris,  and  others  on  the  Union  side; 
on  the  Confederate,  the  works  of  Generals  Longstreet,  Johnston  and  Gordon.  Besides, 
much  aid  has  been  derived  from  the  material  prepared  and  left  by  Col.  Robert  L.  Orr. 
The  valuable  diary  of  James  M.  Walker  of  Company  A  has  been  constantly  used  and 
found  reliable  in  every  particular.  Major  Parsons,  Capt.  Glenn,  Secretary  Blair,  and 
other  members  of  the  regiment,  have  furnished  valuable  assistance.  Bates'  History 
of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  has  been  freely  used  for  the  roster  data  and  has  been  drawn 
upon  for  facts  appearing  nowhere  else.  Many  references  are  made  to  these  works  and 
frequent  quotations  therefrom  have  been  made  by  permission  of  the  publishers.  But 


4  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

• 

above  all,  the  historian  has  found  the  most  valuable  help  in  the  "Rebellion  Records,' 
a  stupendous  work  published  by  the  United  States,  containing  official  orders,  reports 
and  correspondence  of  the  Confederate  as  well  as  the  vast  Union  Army. 

The  pictures  of  Colonels  Rippey,  Spear  and  Orr,  and  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Crosby 
are  all  taken  from  small  war-time  photographs,  faded  and  dimmed  by  the  flight  of 
time.  But  the  record  of  these  brave  officers  as  shown  in  the  rosters  is  still  vivid,  and 
will  remain  unclouded  so  long  as  the  deeds  of  heroic  patriots  are  cherished  among  men 

This  history,  with  many  imperfections  of  which  the  author  is  conscious  and  doubt 
less  many  more  of  which  he  is  not  aware,  is  now  submitted  in  the  hope  that  it  will 
furnish  in  permanent  shape  a  reliable  record  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  of  the  regi 
mental  organization  and  service;  and  bring  to  the  members  of  the  Sixty-first  regiment, 
and  their  families,  a  welcome  chronicle  of  valiant  service  in  a  great  cause  through  a 
period  of  depression  and  triumph,  of  defeat  and  victory,  to  a  fame  as  durable  as  the 
mountains  of  the  Keystone  State. 

THE   SIXTY-FIRST   PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEER   ASSOCIATION 

*H.  O.  C.  Oehmler,  President.  fW.  J.  Glenn,  Treasurer. 

O.  A.  Parsons,  Vice-President.  F.  L.  Blair,  Secretary. 

A.  T.  Brewer,  Historian. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

Co.  A — Wm.  L.  Buchanan  Co.  F— Geo.  B.  McKee 

Co.  B — Alex.  Thompson  Co.  G — John  A.  Lepley 

Co.  C— Andrew  Bingham  Co.  H— H.  K.  Tyler 

Co.  D — Thomas  R.  Conner  Co.    I — A.  G.  Pratt 

Co.  E — Geo.  A.  Cassidy  Co.  K— Jos.  A.  Espy 

fDied  August  27,  1908 — Succeeded  by  Geo.  A.  Cassidy. 
*Died  August'19,  1910. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 
PREPARATION. 

The  61st  regiment  was  authorized  July  24,  1861,  when  Gov.  Curtin  issued  com 
mission  to  Rippey  appointing  him  colonel — Mexican  War — Other  military 
experience — The  three  months'  quota  for  Pennsylvania — 61st  raised  in  thirty 
days — Leaving  Pittsburg  September  1,  '61 — Arrival  in  Washington — Gen. 
Scott — Armed  with  old  muskets — Uniforms — Equipment — First  march — 
Washington  to  Alexandria — Camp  Advance  near  Fort  Lyon — Drill  and  dis 
cipline — Affection  for  63d  and  105th  P.  V. — Good  foundation  for  a  great 
career — Fatalities  in  the  month  of  May — New  flag  presented — Brilliant 
address  of  Col.  Rippey — March  to  Mt.  Vernon — Orders  on  dress  parade  con 
cerning  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson — Brigadier  with  the  suggestive  initials 
U.  S. — February  19,  1862,  left  Camp  Advance— Consolidation  with  23d  P. 
V. — Readjustment  of  Field  and  Line  officers — Arrangement  satisfactory  to 
both  regiments — A  representative  organization — Lincoln's  War  order — Army 
advance — Regiment  in  Graham's  brigade,  Couch's  division — Keye's  4th 
Corps — March  to  Prospect  Hill.Va. — Retirement  of  the  rebels  from  Manassas — 
Monitor  and  Merrimac — Regiment  returned  to  Washington — Army  to  go  to 
the  Peninsula — Description  of  that  region 11-19 

FAIR  OAKS. 
CHAPTER  II. 

Move  to  Hampton  Roads  by  water — Waning  glory  of  old  Navy — The  Monitor — 
Strength  of  the  army — Move  up  the  Peninsula — Impressive  scenes — Warwick 
Court  House  and  river — Yorktown — Siege  operations — First  under  artillery 
fire — Enemy  retreat — Battle  of  Williamsburg — Fighters  come  to  the  front — • 
Slow  pursuit  of  the  rebels — Reach  and  cross  the  Chickahominy — Advance  to 
Fair  Oaks — Battle  at  that  place — Hard  knocks  for  the  61st— A  great  record 
made  for  bravery — Rippey  killed — All  other  field  officers  killed  or  wounded — 
Most  line  officers  among  the  killed,  wounded  or  missing — Coolness  of  Gen. 
Couch — The  struggle  described — Deadly  fight  over  the  flag — It  goes  home 
with  Rippey's  body — Night  of  May  31st — June  1st — The  killed  and  wounded — 
Bravery  of  general  officers — Loss  of  the  61st  more  than  any  other  regiment — 
List  of  officers  killed — Regiment  took  into  battle  574  men — No  just  complaint 
for  leaving  the  regiment  unsupported — Number  Union  and  Confederates  hit 
in  every  1000 — Union  loss — Meagerness  of  official  reports — Incidents  of -the 
battle— Bravery  and  suffering 20-30 

CHAPTER  III. 
MALVERN  HILL— ANTIETAM 

Wounded  of  Fair  Oaks  taken  to  White  House,  then  north  in  hospital  steamers- 
Astonishing  patriotism  and  generosity  of  Philadelphia — Loving  care  of  the 
wounded — After  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  army  occupies  same  position  until 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

June  27,  1862 — The  seven  days'  battle — Hard  fighting — Mechanicsville' — 
Gaines  Mill — Savage  Station — Allen's  Farm,  Peach  Orchard, — White  Oak 
Swamp — Frazier's  Farm — Glendale — Malvern  Hill — Night  Marches — Hot 
weather — Great,  trials — Rebels  defeated — Loss  of  the  61st — Army  moved  to 
Harrison's  Landing — Visited  by  Lincoln — Company  elections  to  fill  vacan 
cies — Move  down  the  Peninsula  to  Yorktown — Sail  for  Alexandria — March 
out  to  Fairfax  to  support  Pope — September  6  move  to  Maryland — March  to 
Antietam— In  that  battle  opposite  Dunker  Church — Horrors  of  that  bloody 
battle — Loss  of  the  61st — Total  Union  loss— Number  mortally  wounded — 
Served  in  Couch's  division — Gen. Franklin's  command — Cases  of  rigor  mortis — 
Pursuing  the  rebels — Loss  at  Williamsport,  Md. — Lincoln's  Emancipation 
Proclamation — Some  supplies — A  suggestive  list — March  up  to  Hancock,  Md, 
— First  campaign  with  the  6th  Corps — "Only  take  the  top  rail" — Removal  of 
Gen.  McClellan — Sentiment  in  the  army — Details  to  bring  recruits  from 
Harrisburg .  ... 31-44 


CHAPTER  IV. 
FREDERICKSBURG. 

Gen.  Burnside  succeeds  McClellan — Army  has  confidence  in  Lincoln — Move  to 
Rappahannock  River  below  Fredericksburg — Snowstorm  at  Belle  Plains — 
Cold  Weather— Cross  Dec.  12— Battle  on  the  13th— Bloody  repulse— Heavy 
Union  loss  in  battle — Army  recrosses  the  river  going  into  camp — The  Mud 
March — Burnside  fails — Blames  subordinates — The  Light  Division— Gen. 
Hooker  supersedes  Burnside — Lincoln's  letter  to  the  new  commander — The 
army  is  satisfied  with  Hooker — Lincoln  reviews  the  troops 45-50 

CHAPTER  V. 
MARYE'S  HEIGHTS. 

Hooker  has  124,500  men — Plans  aggressive  campaign — Cavalry  to  operate  on  Lee's 
communications — Hooker  to  concentrate  at  Chancellorsville — 6th  Corps  to 
take  Marye's  Heights — Movements  begin  April  28,  1863 — 61st  moves  after 
dark — Helps  to  make  pontoon  bridge — Crossing  the  river  in  face  of  the  enemy 
— Brave  and  quick  work — First  bridge  laid  in  45  minutes — number  of  bridges 
laid  in  the  campaign — 61st  crosses  May  1st — Then  recrosses — In  the  evening 
crosses  again — Sunday  morning  May  3d — Waiting  for  the  fog  to  rise — Marye's 
Heights  to  be  assaulted — Ominous  preparation — 61st  to  lead  the  corps — The 
regiment  strips  for  the  work — Plan  of  the  charge — Cooperative  movements — 
Column  to  move  300  yards  crossing  a  bridge — The  regiment  moves,  Col. 
Spear  leading — He  is  killed — Brave  support  of  Gen.  Shaler  and  his  troops — 
The  Heights  are  taken — Heavy  loss — Gen.  Sedgwick  follows  the  enemy  after 
some  hours  delay — Fight  at  Salem  Church — Hot  work  May  4th  in  getting 
back  over  the  river — 6th  corps  in  great  peril — Gen.  Sedgwick  praises  the  61st 
— Hooker's  fight  at  Chancellorsville — He  is  defeated — Partly  through  famous 
flank  movement  of  Jackson — Rebels  concentrate  on  the  6th  corps — Lively 
movements  of  that  corps — Rebels  are  severely  punished— -Artillerists  mistake 
— Loss  of  the  61st — Soldiers'  opinion  of  Hooker— His  prestige  gone — The  6th 
corps  badge — Abolition  of  the  Light  Division. ,'... ..!'.  51-58 


PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS  i 

CHAPTER  VI. 
GETTSYBURG. 

Composition  of  the  6th  corps — Another  move  across  the  Rappahannock — A  diver 
sion  which  does  not  divert — June  14,  1863,  started  for  Pennsylvania — Route 
and  march  described — July  1st,  6th  corps  is  at  Manchester — Its  famous 
march  to  Gettysburg — Appearance  on  that  field  July  2d — Various  positions 
on  the  field — Fight  at  Little  Round  Top — Hard  experiences  of  the  army  July 
1st — Coffin's  description  of  6th  corps  arrival — Pickett's  charge — Union  vic 
tory — Places  made  memorable  on  the  field — Sad  fate  of  Jennie  Wade,  the 
Union  bread-maker — Description  of  the  field — Losses  of  the  61st — Total  loss 
of  the  army — Following  the  enemy — Hurrying  over  the  mountain  passes — 
Lee  retreats  into  Virginia,  July  12 59-69 

CHAPTER  VII. 
RAPPAHANNOCK  STATION-MINE  RUN 

Army  moved  from  Funktown  to  Berlin  where  Potomac  was  crossed — March 
resumed  through  the  Old  Dominion  toward  Warrenton — Objectionable  train 
guard  duty — Vermont  brigade  went  to  New  York  and  on  return  get  an  ova 
tion — Habit  of  sending  6th  corps  on  special  missions — Movement  to  Culpepper 
— State  election — Battle  of  Chickamauga — Detachment  llth  and  12th  corps 
— Advance  to  the  Rapidan — Retirement  to  Centerville — Bristoe  Station 
fight — Charge  at  Rappahannock  Station — Quick  and  brilliant  work — Results 
— Mine  Run  movement — Advance  to  Robertson's  Tavern,  crossing  Rapidan 
at  Jacob's  Ford — Cold  weather — Strip  for  a  charge — Return  to  Brandy 
Station — Winter  quarters — Cavalry  raid — Christian  commission — Religious 
interest — Gen.  Grant — Description  of  Virginia — Culpepper  to  Richmond — 
Grant's  headquarters  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 70-78 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
WILDERNESS— SPOTTSYLVANIA. 

Lincoln's  promise  to  sustain  Grant — Strength  of  the  Union  Army  May  1,1864 — 
Gen.  Meade  retained — Position  of  the  Union  and  rebel  armies — Order  to 
advance — Its  significant  provisions — The  6th  corps — Its  composition — March 
into  the  Wilderness — Incidents — Position  on  the  field — Bloody  work — Impene 
trable  forests — Men  of  the  61st  fired  100  rounds — Woods  in  flames — Smoke — 
Fighting  under  Hancock — Advance  and  retreat — 61st  under  destructive 
artillery  fire — Heavy  loss — Hancock's  battle  the  second  day — Flank  attack 
on  the  right  of  the  6th  corps — Capture  of  Gen.  Shaler — Heroic  resistance — 
Rebels  driven  back — Neill's  brigade  on  the  right — Night  attack — Repulsed — 
Loss  of  the  61st — Gen.  Grant  on  certain  features — Signal  Service — Telegraph 
— Night  of  May  7  army  moved  to  Spottsylvania — Night  fight  on  the  8th — 
Death  of  Adjutant  Wilson — 61st  suffers  from  heavy  artillery  fire — Death  of 
Gen.  Sedgwick — Other  major  generals  killed  in  battle — Gen.  Wright  com 
mands  6th  corps — Brave  charge  of  Gen.  Upton — Deadly  work  every  day — 
Grant's  letter  proposing  to  fight  it  out  "on  that  line" — Battle  of  May  12th — 
The  Bloody  Angle — A  long  hard  fight— Big  tree  cut  off— Rebels  retreat— des 
cription  of  this  fight  by  general  officers — Movements  after  the  12th — New 
troops — Grant  under  fire — Fighting  by  day  and  marching  by  night — Losses 
of  the  61st— Of  the  army— In  the  month  61st  lost  over  290 79-98 


8  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

CHAPTER  IX. 
COLD  HARBOR-FORT  STEVENS. 

Two  minie  balls  met — Grim  determination  of  the  Union  Army — Move  to  Noi  th 
Anna — Peculiar  sound  effect  of  artillery  fire — Advance  toward  the  Pamunkey 
61st  at  Hanover  Court  House — At  Cold  Harbor — Bloody  encounters — Rebels 
are  well  fortified — Union  loss — 61st  loss — Work  of  the  cavalry — Sheridan's 
campaigns — Movement  to  the  James  River — Long  pontoon  bridge — Rapid 
work — 61st  at  Petersburg — March  to  relief  of  Gen.  Wilson — His  cavalry 
raid — 6th  corps  goes  to  Washington — Meets  the  President— Marches  to  Fort 
Stevens — Fight  at  that  place  July  12th — Distinguished  spectators — Rebels 
are  driven  away — Hot  pursuit — Heavy  loss  of  the  61st  and  other  commands — 
Graphic  descriptions  of  the  battle— Names  of  killed  and  wounded  in  the  61st  .99-109 

CHAPTER  X. 
SHENANDOAH  VALLEY. 

Marches  and  countermarches  of  the  6th  Corps  in  Virginia  and  Maryland — Ap 
parently  aimless — Great  hardships  with  no  advantages — Gen.  Sheridan 
assigned  to  command — His  character — The  Shenandoah  Valley — Strength  and 
composition  of  Sheridan's  army — Rebel  army — Movements  up  and  down  the 
Valley  in  August — Fight  on  the  21st  at  Flowing  Spring — Loss  of  the  61st — 
Expiration  of  three  years'  term  and  departure  for  home  of  those  not  rein- 
listing — Regiment  reduced  to  a  'battalion — Changes  in  officers — Camp  near 
Berryville — Battle  of  Opequon — March  at  midnight — Cavalry  advance — 
Heroic  charge  of  2d  O.  V.  C. — Position  of  the  6th  corps — Hard  fighting  and 
plenty  of  it — Death  of  Gen.  Russell — Rebels  driven  off  the  field — Heavy  loss 
of  the  61st  and  of  the  army — Pursuit  the  next  day  to  Fisher's  Hill — Rebels 
demoralized — Brilliant  flank  movement  routs  the  rebels  and  results  in  Union 
victory — Prisoners  and  guns  captured — Loss  of  the  61st — Honors  for  Capt. 
Rhodes  of  Co.  D — The  enemy  is  pushed  up  the  Valley  to  Harrisonburg — De 
struction  of  rebel  sources  of  supply — Sheridan  moves  back,  smoke  and  flames 
on  every  side — Cavalry  fight  at  Tom's  Brook — Rebels  badly  defeated — Posi 
tion  of  the  army  at  Cedar  Creek  October  14th —Sheridan  ordered  to  Wash 
ington—Rebels  attack  early  October  19th — Surprise  and  disperse  left  of  the 
Union  Army — Great  fight  of  the  6th  corps  for  five  hours — Sheridan's  ride — 
His  reception  by  the  troops — Rebels  attacked  and  defeated — Nearly  annihi 
lated — Their  loss — Union  loss — The  61st  in  the  battle — Its  loss — Incidents  of 
the  remarkable  battle — 6th  corps  divisions  fought  separately  part  of  the  time 
— Sheridan's  ride  along  the  infantry  line — Force  of  Sheridan  for  the  last  move 
—Sheridan's  Ride  poem 110-129 

CHAPTER  XL 
PETERSBURG-APPOMATTOX. 

The  61st  advance  to  Strasburg  after  Cedar  Creek  fight — -Where  two  companies  of 
recruits  came — Line  officers  and  organization  at  that  time — Lincoln  reelected — 
December  9th  61st  started  back  to  Petersburg,  arriving  the  16th — Position 
and  work  at  Petersburg — More  recruits  March  2d,  1865,  making  full  regi 
ment — Fight  on  March  25th,  1865 — Loss  of  the  61st — Size  of  the  Confederacy 
in  the  spring  of  1865 — Union  and  Confederate  armies — Grant's  principal 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  9 

generals — Lee's  lieutenants — Sheridan's  return  from  the  Valley — His  battle 
at  Five  Forks— Rebel  works  attacked  April  2d— Charge  of  the  6th  corps- 
Rebel  lines  broken — Beginning  of  the  end — Gallant  work  of  the  6th  corps— 
The  61st  had  an  honorable  part — Its  losses — Description  of  its  part  in  the 
charge  by  Col.  Orr — Honors  for  men  of  the  61st  and  promotions — Death  of 
Col.  Crosby — Loss  of  the  6th  corps — Retreat  of  the  rebels  and  capture  of 
Richmond — Fights  in  the  pursuit  of  Lee — Sailors  Creek — Appotmattox — Lee's 
surrender — 61st  presents  captured  rebel  flags — Address  of  Gen.  Meade — 
Grant  on  his  deathbed  praises  Army  of  the  Potomac — 61st  moves  to  Dan 
ville — Returns  by  rail  to  Richmond — Marches  to  Washington— Is  reviewed 
and  mustered  out  June  28th,  1865 '. 130-145 

CHAPTER  XII. 
PEACE. 

61st  awakes  to  find  itself  famous — Facts  about  the  regiment  in  Fox's  "Regimental 
Losses" — Most  officers  killed  in  action — Other  honors — List  of  officers  killed 
while  commanding  the  regiment — List  of  all  officers  killed — Officers  wounded 
— Tables  of  losses  by  Company — In  each  battle — Meager  historical  informa 
tion — Fair  Oaks  reunion — Reception  in  Richmond — Address  of  Gen.  Keyes — 
List  of  some  men  present — Gen.  Sedgwick's  memorial  at  Spottsylvania  Court 
House — Warm  welcome  at  Fredericksburg — Interesting  program  May  llth, 
1887 — Dedication  May  12th— Scenes  on  the  memorable  field — The  big  tree — 
The  Bloody  Angle — Generals  Wright  and  Getty  present — Fox's  graphic  des 
cription  of  the  6th  corps — Meeting  at  Gettysburg  and  dedication  of  the  regi 
mental  monument — Description — Its  inscriptions — Honors  to  members  of  the 
61st — Pittsburg  reunion  January,  1908 — Arrangements  for  regimental  history 
— Officers  of  the  association — Work  on  the  history — Death  of  Col.  Glenn — 
Loss  to  the  organization — Col.  Glenn  was  to  write  account  of  flags — Work 
incomplete — Description  of  flags  from  Bates  History  furnished  by  Col.  Orr.  .  146-158 

Roster 159-225 

Index  .  .    226 


COLONEL  O.  H.  RIPPEY 
Killed  at  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks,   May  31st,   1862 


HISTORY 


SIXTY- FIRST  REGIMENT 

PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS 
CHAPTER  I. 

PREPARATION. 

"Whenever  my  country  calls  upon  me,  I  am 
ready  to  take  my  musket  on  my  shoulder." 
1774.  George  Washington. 

The  Sixty-first  regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  originated  July 
24th,  1861,  when  Andrew  G.  Curtin,  the  War  Governor  of  the  State,  com 
missioned  Oliver  H.  Rippey,  of  Pittsburgh,  its  first  Colonel,  and  Frank  P. 
Robinson,  of  Allegheny  City,  its  first  Lieutenant-Colonel.  The  former 
had  been  lieutenant  -  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
in  the  three  months'  service,  going  to  the  front  April  23rd.  1861,  and  re 
turning  from  Gen.  Patterson's  Shenandoah  Valley  Campaign  the  23rd  of 
July,  the  day  preceding  the  date  of  their  new  commissions  for  service  in 
the  three  years'  regiment,  whose  number,  then  written  for  the  first  time, 
was  destined  to  appear  on  every  page  of  important  history  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  until  the  war  was  triumphantly  ended. 

Col.  Rippey  had  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  going  out  in  December, 
1846  as  a  private  in  Col.  Francis  M.  Wynkoop's  First  Pennsylvania  In 
fantry,  participating  in  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  taking  part  in  General 
Scott's  hard  fights  and  signal  victories  at  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  Cheu- 
rubusco,  Molina  Del  Rey,  Chapultepec  and  Mexico  City,  returning  in 
December,  1848. 

With  experience  in  the  field  equal  to  any  one  of  his  age  in  1861,  Colonel 
Rippey  had  all  the  elements  of  a  good  soldier,  joined  to  patriotic  zeal  as  a 
citizen.  A  trained  jurist,  he  was  also  a  brilliant  orator  with  a  sympathetic 
temperament  and  a  strong  sense  of  justice  and  fair  play.  He  answered  the 
timid  apprehensions  and  irresolute  demands  for  peace,  because  of  the  Bull 
Run  defeat,  by  promptly  re-enlisting  for  three  years  before  the  weary 
victims  of  that  disaster  had  time  to  return  to  their  former  positions  around 
the  National  Capital.  His  regiment  was  for  immediate  service  in  the  field, 
and  the  recruiting  offices,  opened  in  Pittsburgh  and  Allegheny,  were  soon 
thronged  with  enthusiastic  volunteers. 


12  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  quota  for  Pennsylvania  in  the  three  months  service  was  12,500 
men,  but  before  enlistments  could  be  stopped,  the  State  had  rushed  in 
20,175,  far  surpassing  any  other  state  and  furnishing  more  than  one-fifth 
of  all  the  three  months  volunteers.  Of  the  500,000  men  called  by  the  Pre 
sident  for  three  years  and  authorized  by  Congress  in  July  and  August, 
1861,  the  number  asked  of  the  Keystone  State  was  82,525;  the  generous 
response  gave  the  Nation  85,160,  including  the  61st  regiment. 

Under  date  of  August  1st,  1861,  the  new  colonel  enrolled  about  500 
men,  subsequently  composing  Companies  B,  C,  E,  F  and  K.  In  the 
meantime,  Jacob  Creps  and  John  Pollock  recruited  over  one  hundred 
men  in  Indiana  County,  who  were  assigned  to  the  61st,  as  Company  A, 
with  Jacob  Creps  as  captian  and  John  Pollock  as  first  lieutenant.  At  this 
point,  when  600  men  had  enlisted,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  front 
to  meet  the  imperative  demand  for  troops,  and  immediately  prepared  to 
obey  the  command,  although  the  organization  was  incomplete  as  to  field 
staff  and  line  officers,  and  the  men  had  neither  uniforms,  arms  or  camp 
equipment. 

The  regiment  left  Pittsburgh,  September  1st,  1861,  going  over  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  to  Harrisburg,  where  a  stop  of  two  days  occurred, 
some  of  the  men  being  supplied  with  uniforms.  The  command  then  pro 
ceeded  to  the  National  Capital,  passing  through  Baltimore  in  the  night, 
yelling  defiance  at  that  unfortunate  city,  still  suffering  from  the  hostility 
created  by  the  attack  April  19th,  1861,  on  the  6th  Massachusetts,  while 
that  famous  regiment  was  hurrying  to  the  seat  of  government,  then  in 
great  peril.  On  arriving  in  Washington,  the  61st  camped  on  Capitol 
Hill,  where  the  Congressional  Library  now  stands.  Here  the  men  were 
armed  with  old  smooth-bore  muskets,  used  in  the  Mexican  War,  changed 
for  percussion  caps,  the  cartridge  consisting  of  one  round  ball  the  diameter 
of  the  bore,  three  small  buckshot,  securely  wrapped  with  the  powder  in 
tough  Manila  paper,  the  whole  charge  making  a  roll  an  inch  and  a  half  long, 
with  the  paper  neatly  folded  over  the  powder  end  and  pressed  down  along 
the  side,  ready  to  be  torn  off  when  loading.  These  guns  were  carried 
fifteen  months  and  then  exchanged  for  muzzle-loading  Springfield  rifles. 

While  in  camp  on  Capitol  Hill,  discipline  was  not  strict  and  the  new 
soldiers  of  the  61st  swarmed  into  the  galleries  of  the  Senate  and  House 
to  see  and  hear  the  congressional  celebrities,  gazed  in  breathless  admira 
tion  on  the  historic  paintings  in  the  rotunda,  and  scanned  with  respect 
ful  curiosity,  such  members  of  the  Supreme  Court  as  made  their  appear 
ance.  Some  of  the  61st  seeing  General  Scott  in  a  carriage,  showed  their 
profound  respect  by  removing  their  hats,  wondering  if  they  really  beheld 
the  hero  of  Lundy's  Lane,  the  fearless  and  picturesque  Indian  fighter, 
the  companion  in  arms  of  Zachary  Taylor,  William  Henry  Harrison  and 
Andrew  Jackson,  the  masterly  conqueror  of  Mexico,  the  man  who  for 
thirteen  years  was  contemporary  of  Washington  and  probably  saw  the 
Father  of  His  Country  many  times.  The  fresh  volunteers  of  the  61st 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  13 

also  invaded  the  various  departments,  roaming  through  the  White  House, 
hoping  for  a  glimse  of  Father  Abraham. 

This  pleasure,  however,  was  soon  ended,  and  the  regiment  prepared 
for  its  first  march  with  all  the  equipment  of  real  soldiers;  each  man  with 
a  gun,  a  cartridge  and  a  cap-box,  a  canteen,  a  haversack  and  a  knapsack. 
The  start  was  made  from  Capitol  E[illf  the  route  through  the  city  to 
Long  Bridge,  across  the  Potomac  and  down  on  the  Virginia  side  to  Alex 
andria.  The  September  day  was  hot,  the  roads  dusty,  the  distance  in 
terminable,  the  new  shoes  intolerable,  except  in  a  few  instances  where 
they  happened  to  fit.  The  first  Virginia  camp  was  near  Fairfax  cemetery, 
an  ancient  burying  ground,  whose  interments  were  soon  outnumbered 
by  Union  soldiers,  who,  unable  to  stand  the  change  of  climate,  with  the 
rigors  of  camp  life,  answered  the  last  roll  call  before  meeting  the  armed 
enemy.  In  a  couple  of  days  the  regiment  moved  below  Alexandria, 
taking  position  on  the  high  ridge  near  the  road  leading  to  Mount  Vernon, 
overlooking  the  Potomac  about  a  mile  south  of  the  point  where  Fort  Lyon 
was  subsequently  built.  This  location  was  called  Camp  Advance,  being 
further  to  the  front  than  any  other  position  held  by  Union  troops  in  that 
region.  The  place  was  well  watered,  the  land  undulating  and  the  natural 
woods  nearby,  afforded  a  bountiful  supply  of  fuel  for  the  autumn  and 
winter,  while  timber  was  sufficient  for  necessary  regimental  structures 
and  for  huts  which  the  soldiers  soon  learned  to  build  with  the  A  camp 
tent  for  a  roof. 

Here  the  regiment  remained  from  early  October,  1861,  until  February 
19th,  1862,  a  period  of  five  months,  in  which  the  command  received  the 
discipline  so  necessary  to  make  real  soldiers  effective  in  the  presence  of 
the  enemy  and  able  to  endure  the  hardships  of  campaigning  without  losing 
health  or  martial  spirit. 

Before  describing  this  period  of  strenuous  preparation,  wherein  the 
true  American  soldier  was  evolved  from  the  citizen,  it  is  necessary  to  have 
a  closer  view  of  the  regiment  as  it  then  existed.  The  active  field  officers 
then  in  service  were:  Colonel,  Oliver  H.  Rippey;  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
Frank  P.  Robinson;  Adjutant,  W.  Gibson  Miller;  Quarter-Master,  Ben 
jamin  W.  Baldwin;  Surgeon,  Robert  M.  Tindel;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Ambrose  I.  Hew. 

According  to  a  published  order  under  date  of  October  15th,  1861, 
five  Pennsylvania  regiments,  the  32nd,  45th,  61st,  63rd  and  105th,  were 
to  constitute  the  3rd  brigade  of  Heintzelman's  division,  but  the  45th  was 
detained  elsewhere,  and  the  32nd  was  detailed  for  garrison  duty,  so  that 
the  brigade  was  actually  composed  of  the  other  three  regiments  and  was 
commanded  by  Brigadier  General  Charles  D.  Jamison,  an  ideal  soldier, 
who  soon  gained  the  confidence  of  his  men.  The  regimental  commanders 
were  Col.  O.  H.  Rippey,  61st;  Col.  Alexander  Hays,  63d;  and  Col.  A.  A. 
McKnight,  105th.  The  work  of  seasoning  the  raw  material  began  at 
once  in  real  earnest.  In  the  forenoon  details  worked  on  Fort  Lyon, 


14  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

gaining  a  knowledge  of  fortifications,  while  those  remaining  in  camp  were 
engaged  in  squad  and  company  drill,  including  exercise  in  the  manual 
of  arms.  In  the  afternoon  batallion  and  regimental  drills  alternated 
with  brigade  evolutions,  including  a  great  variety  of  field  manoeuvers, 
in  which  the  several  regiments  moved  to  the  front  in  line  of  battle  and  in 
mass,  marched  by  the  flank,  made  charges,  formed  squares,  deployed, 
rallied,  advanced,  retreated,  wheeled,  obliqued,  encountering  obstacles, 
sweeping  over  fields,  crossing  ravines,  rushing  through  woods,  returning 
to  camp  in  the  evening  tired  and  hungry. 

In  the  meantime  the  field,  staff  and  line  officers  were  schooled  in  their 
respective  duties,  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  were  carefully  taught 
how  to  do  their  work.  The  surgeons  and  hospital  stewards  were  also 
systematically  instructed  in  their  service  and  the  men  were  thoroughly 
educated  in  the  preparation  of  food,  the  care  of  their  clothing,  and  the 
principles  of  hygiene. 

Five  months  of  this  experience  produced  three  regiments  of  unsur 
passed  efficiency  in  campaigning,  and  in  battles  their  intrepidity  was 
displayed  on  every  important  field  in  Virginia,  Maryland  and  Pennsyl 
vania,  all  three  organizations  standing  high  on  the  official  roll  of  honor, 
published  in  1889.  Only  13  regiments  out  of  the  whole  2,000  composing 
the  Union  army  stand  higher  in  the  per  cent  of  killed  in  action  than  the 
63rd,  and  only  8  regiments  had  more  killed  in  action  than  the  105th, 
while  the  61st  surpassed  all  other  regiments  in  the  number  of  its  officers 
killed  in  action,  and  has  other  special  honors  of  which  more  will  be  said 
later.  Official  figures  show  these  three  regiments  had  668  men  killed  in 
battle,  saying  nothing  in  this  connection  about  the  wounded  or  those 
dying  of  disease. 

It  appears  of  record  that  hard  fighting  regiments  had  the  smallest 
proportion  of  losses  from  sickness,  which  is  confirmed  by  the  history  of 
these  three  Pennsylvania  regiments.  Three  reasons  exist  for  this  com 
parative  exemption  from  fatal  disease. 

First:  They  were  drilled  in  the  best  methods  of  taking  care  of  them 
selves  and  warding  off  disease. 

Second:  The  good  discipline  of  the  men  extended  to  quarter  masters 
and  commissaries,  who,  in  spite  of  all  perils  managed  to  furnish  the  soldiers 
even  on  the  fighting  line,  with  coffee,  bacon  and  hard  tack. 

Third:  The  qualities  which  made  them  famous  as  fighters,  enabled 
them  to  resist  attacks  of  disease,  instead  of  tamely  giving  up  and  lying 
down  to  die. 

The  month  of  May  seemed  a  fatal  one  for  these  three  regiments. 
Col.  O.  H.  Rippey  of  the  61st  was  killed  May  31st,  1862,  at  Fair  Oaks. 
Col.  McKnight  of  the  105th  was  killed  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville, 
and  Col.  Hays  of  the  63rd,  having  reached  the  rank  of  brigadier-general, 
was  killed  in  the  Wilderness  in  May,  1864.  While  the  105th  was  losing 
its  colonel  in  a  charge  May  3rd,  1863  at  Chancellorsville,  the  61st  lost  Spear, 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  15 

its  second  colonel  the  same  day  in  a  charge  on  Marye's  Heights,  at  Freder- 
icksburg.  These  stalwart  regiments  were  separated  in  the  spring  of  1862, 
the  63rd  and  105th  serving  thereafter  in  the  famous  3rd  Corps,  until  it 
was  consolidated  early  in  1864  with  the  still  more  famous  2nd  Corps,  and 
then,  with  that  renowned  command,  under  Hancock  and  others,  until 
the  war  ended;  while  the  61st  went  with  the  4th  Corps  to  the  Peninsula 
and,  from  the  organization  of  the  army  under  Gen'l.  McClellan,  for  over 
two  years  composed  a  part  of  the  "Old  6th, "as  it  was  affectionately  called. 
Still  the  friendship  of  the  three  regiments  continued  throughout  the  war 
and  each  had  a  warm  affection  for,  and  pride  in  the  other,  rejoicing  in  its 
glory  and  grieving  over  its  losses  with  all  the  devotion  and  tenderness  of 
first  lovers. 

About  December  1st,  1861,  a  new  flag  was  sent  to  the  61st  from 
Harrisburg  and  presented  by  Congressman  Wright  of  Philadelphia.  The 
regiment  was  formed  in  a  hollow  square  and  faced  inward.  Mr.  Wright 
made  a  patriotic  address  and  then  handed  the  flag  to  Col.  Rippey,  who 
accepted  it  in  a  burst  of  thrilling  eloquence,  still  remembered  by  the 
hearers.  Drawing  the  silk  emblem  close  to  him  and  fondly  looking  at 
its  red  and  white  stripes,  its  blue  field  and  bright  stars,  and  talking  to  it,  he 
made  vows  of  eternal  fidelity,  and  at  the  close,  with  his  eyes  lifted  heaven 
ward,  he  exclaimed,  "If  I  forget  thee,  let  my  right  hand  forget  her  cunning; 
if  I  do  not  remember  thee,  let  my  tongue  cleave  to  the  roof  of  my  mouth," 
and  then  with  deep  solemnity  he  declared,  "And  this  pledge  is  for  every 
soldier  of  the  61st  regiment."  This  promise  was  sacredly  kept,  as  that 
particular  flag,  torn  and  riddled  with  bullets,  its  staff  shattered  to  splinters, 
was  returned  to  Harrisburg,  where  it  still  exists.  The  same  is  true  of  the 
three  other  flags  entrusted  to  the  61st. 

One  incident  of  Camp  Advance  should  be  mentioned.  Late  in  the 
autumn  of  1861,  the  61st  started  early  in  the  morning,  marched  to  Mount 
Vernon,  the  home  of  Washington,  returning  the  same  day,  a  distance  for 
the  round  trip,  of  16  miles.  It  was  a  most  impressive  experience  for 
new  soldiers  to  see  the  home  of  the  man  who  was  "first  in  war,  first  in 
peace  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen."  The  premises  were 
decaying  for  want  of  attention,  but  the  old  mansion  was  yet  dignified  anl 
stately,  commanding  a  grand  view  of  the  peaceful  Potomac,  and  in  the 
northeasterly  direction  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  rose  in  majesty  and  stood 
out,  basking  in  the  soft  autumnal  air. 

Referring  to  Mt.  Vernon  and  its  illustrious  owner,  the  Count  of  Paris 
makes  this  interesting  observation:  "By  a  strange  coincidence  the  resi 
dence  of  the  great  citizen  whose  name  both  parties  were  invoking,  and 
whose  memory  each  was  anxious  to  appropriate,  was  situated  between  the 
two  lines  of  out-posts,  as  if  he  had  hesitated  between  them,  and  was  still 
endeavoring  to  reconcile  them." 

One  of  the  last  events  of  Camp  Advance  to  make  an  indelible  im 
pression,  occurred  at  dress  parade  on  the  evening  of  February  17th,  1862, 


16  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

when  Adjutant  Miller,  in  his  mangnificent  style,  read  a  general  order, 
announcing  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  with  over  15,000 
prisoners  and  172  guns,  by  the  troops  under  "Brig.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant." 
It  was  our  introduction  to  the  Galena  tanner  with  the  suggestive  initials 
which  stood  for  "unconditional  surrender,"  for  "Uncle  Sam"  and  for 
"United  States."  We  liked  him,  but  never  supposed  he  would  be  in 
Virginia  in  two  years,  hurling  us  against  Lee  in  the  Wilderness  and  at 
Spottsylvania,  and  proposing  to  "fight  it  out  on  this  line  if  it  takes  all 
summer." 

Under  date  of  February  6th,  1862,  the  Medical  Director  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  made  a  report  of  the  number  and  physical  condition  of 
all  regiments  in  which  he  gave  the  "mean  strength"  of  the  61st  at  579,  its 
"total  sick"  at  26,  the  "percentage"  being  4.49,  the  lowest  rate  in  the 
brigade  and  only  a  little  over  half  the  average. 

On  February  19,  1862,  the  61st  was  detached  from  Jamison's  brigade 
and  marched  to  Washington  across  Long  Bridge,  camping  on  Queens 
Farm  near  Bladensburg,  under  command,  temporarily,  of  General  Don 
Carlos  Buell.  The  61st  was  greatly  disturbed  at  this  time  because  of  an 
order  that  all  regiments  having  less  than  800  men  should  be  disbanded 
and  distributed  to  other  organizations,  but  this  humiliation  for  the  61st 
was  avoided  by  an  arrangement  which  proved  fortunate  for  the  Service 
and  satisfactory  to  the  men.  The  23rd  Pennsylvania,  Col.  D.  B.  Birney, 
had  fifteen  companies,  and  a  plan  was  negotiated  by  which  four  of  these 
companies  were  transferred  to  the  61st,  raising  its  strength  to  the  legal 
requirement  and  leaving  the  23rd  all  the  men  it  could  lawfully  muster  for 
pay.  The  consolidation  was  highly  gratifying  to  the  61st,  and  the  trans 
ferred  companies,  after  getting  acquainted,  were  entirely  satisfied.  Rippey 
retained  his  rank  as  Colonel;  Major  George  C.  Spear  of  the  23rd,  became 
Lieutenant-colonel  of  the  61st,  Robinson  having  resigned,  and  Captain 
George  F.  Smith  Major  of  the  61st.  The  other  .field  officers  of  the  61st 
remained  as  before.  In  the  consolidated  regiment,  the  original  61st  men 
still  composed  Companies  A,  B,  C,  E,  F  and  K,  while  the  men  from  the 
23rd  formed  Companies  D,  G,  H  and  I,  no  changes  being  made  in  the 
company  organizations.  Company  D  was  recruited  in  Luzerne  County, 
the  other  three  companies  coming  from  Philadelphia.  The  regiment  thus 
formed  represented  the  Keystone  State,  Pittsburgh  and  Philadelphia,  the 
two  leading  cities  of  the  east  and  the  west,  contributing  eight  companies ; 
Luzerne  County,  the  anthracite  coal  region,  furnished  Company  D;  while 
Indiana  County,  the  lumber  and  bituminous  coal  section,  gave  Company 
A.  The  companies  from  the  23rd  had  been  well  drilled  in  all  military 
requirements  and  the  officers  and  men  were  good  soldiers,  fully  worthy 
of  their  comrades  from  the  western  slope  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains. 

On  March  8th,  1862,  President  Lincoln  issued  "War  Order  No.  2," 
directing  that  the  troops  around  Washington  be  divided  into  five  corps 
of  three  divisions  each,  and  naming  the  corps  commanders,  In  com- 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  17 

pliance  with  this  instruction,  Gen.  George  B.  McClellan  commanding  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  on  March  13th,  1862,  issued  an  order,  forming 
the  five  corps  as  follows :  First,  McDowell ;  second,  Sumner ;  third,  Heintzel- 
man;  fourth,  Keyes;  fifth,  Banks.  The  fourth  corps  was  composed  of 
the  divisions  of  Couch,  W.  F.  Smith,  and  Casey;  the  61st  being  assigned 
to  Graham's  Brigade  of  Couch's  division.  This  brigade  consisted  of  the 
following  regiments,  65th  and  67th  New  York,  23rd,  31st  and  61st  Penn 
sylvania.  Couch's  division  had  four  batteries  of  artillery  of  four  guns 
each.  It  had  fourteen  regiments  of  infantry;  two  brigades,  having  five 
regiments  each,  and  the  other  four. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  is  now  to  begin  its  three  year  period  of 
unfaltering  struggle,  of  ceaseless  carnage,  of  fadeless  glory.  Its  marches, 
sieges,  battles  in  Virginia,  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  are  to  repel  inva 
sion,  destroy  the  armed  enemy  and  save  the  Union.  To  this  greatest 
National  army  the  loyal  north  looks  with  confidence  and  stands  ready  to 
aid  it  with  more  men  and  money.  The  soldiers  are  prepared  and  wait 
impatiently  the  order  to  advance,  being  weary  of  daily  reports  in  the 
morning  papers,  "All  quiet  on  the  Potomac,"  and  such  items  as,  "General 
McClellan  rode  out  to  Fairfax  Court  House  and  back  to-day,"  and  "An 
intelligent  contraband  reports  rebel  activity  on  the  Rappahannock," 

Two  important  events  now  stirred  the  people  north  and  south,  in  and 
out  of  the  armies.  The  rebel  forces  had  successfully  retired  across  the 
Rappahannock  on  March  8th,  1862.  The  next  day,  March  9th,  the  famous 
naval  battle  was  fought  at  Hampton  Roads,  between  the  Monitor  and 
the  Merrimac,  the  Union  ships  Congress,  Cumberland,  and  Minnesota 
being  destroyed.  The  day  following,  March  10th,  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  advanced,  Gen.  McClellan  moving  his  headquarters  to  Fairfax 
Court  House.  On  that  day  the  61st  broke  camp  near  Bladensburg  in 
the  morning  and  marched  through  Georgetown,  over  the  Chain  Bridge 
and  along  the  Leesburg  and  Georgetown  turnpike  to  Prospect  Hill,  a 
distance  of  sixteen  miles.  Here,  and  in  camp  nearby,  the  regiment  re 
mained  for  five  days  in  a  severe  rain  storm,  in  which  the  new  equipment 
was  severely  tested,  and  the  soldiers  found  out  how  sticky  was  Virginia 
clay  when  tramped  into  mortar,  and  how  perverse  camp  fires  were  in  damp 
weather,  always  managing,  regardless  of  wind,  to  send  the  smoke  into  the 
men's  faces.  On  this  occasion  a  ration  of  whiskey  was  issued,  rarely,  if 
ever,  to  be  repeated  in  the  army.  Many  of  the  men  then  tasted  liquor 
for  the  first  time.  Whiskey  became  quite  common  in  the  army  because 
of  its  extensive  use  in  the  hospitals.  The  61st  returned  to  its  old  camp 
near  Bladensburg  on  March  17th,  after  an  absence  of  a  week,  in  which, 
toward  the  end,  rations  ran  short,  and  hungry  soldiers  were  ready  to  pay 
excessive  prices  for  mince  pies,  without  inquiry  as  to  age  or  lineage. 

While  the  61st  was  at  Prospect  Hill,  Gen.  McClellan,  at  Fairfax  Court 
House,  on  March  13,  aided  by  a  council  of  war,  decided  to  move  his  army 
to  Fortress  Monroe  and  then  up  the  Peninsula  to  Richmond,  with  the 


18  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

York  River  on  his  right,  as  base  for  supplies.  The  President  approved 
the  plan,  and  400  vessels  of  all  kinds  soon  appeared  at  Alexandria,  to 
transport  the  army  to  its  new  field  of  operations. 

As  the  Peninsula  campaign  is  to  be  memorable  in  the  annals  of  the 
61st,  a  brief  description  of  the  country  is  necessary.  Fortress  Monroe, 
the  base  of  the  new  movement,  is  240  miles  from  Washington  and  92  miles 
by  way  of  York  town  from  Richmond.  The  lower  end  of  the  Peninsula 
is  bounded  southerly  by  Hampton  Roads,  and  the  James  River  estuary, 
and  southeasterly  by  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  York  River  estuary,  the 
two  lower  points  of  land,  about  three  miles  apart,  being  Newport  News 
at  the  mouth  of  the  James,  and  Old  Point  Comfort,  near  Fortress  Monroe. 
The  Virginia  Peninsula  is  the  land  between  the  James  and  the  York  Rivers, 
both  rivers  being  real  arms  of  the  sea  the  James  to  City  Point,  and  the 
York  to  West  Point,  the  tide  and  salt  water  extending  to  those  points. 
York  River  begins  at  West  Point,  where  it  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
Mattapony  from  the  north  and  the  Pamunkey  from  the  northwest.  The 
Peninsula  proper,  ends  with  a  line  drawn  across  from  City  Point  to  West 
Point,  although  the  country  above,  between  the  James  and  the  Pamunky 
Rivers,  including  Richmond,  is  called  the  Upper  Peninsula,  while  below 
the  line,  the  region  is  called  the  Lower  Peninsula.  This  part  is  flat,  and 
both  sandy  and  marshy,  intersected  by  countless  bays,  thickly  wooded 
and  thinly  peopled,  while  the  upper  is  richer  soil,  heavier  timber,  the 
land  more  undulating,  and  the  population  denser.  The  width  of  the  Penin 
sula  is  from  six  miles  at  Yorktown  to  twenty  miles  at  West  Point,  and  about 
sixteen  miles  at  Richmond.  The  Chickahominy  River,  made  famous  by 
the  adventures  of  Capt.  John  Smith  and  the  Indian  maid  Pocahontas, 
divides  the  upper  Peninsula  longitudinally.  This  river,  at  ordinary 
stages,  is  unimportant,  flowing  sluggishly  through  wooded  swamps, 
impenetrable  thickets,  alternating  with  groves  of  tall  white  oaks.  After 
rain  storms,  the  river  overflows  its  banks,  forming  a  sheet  of  water  half 
a  mile  wide  at  many  points.  The  York  and  Pamunky  Rivers  are  navigable 
up  to  White  House  Landing,  a  plantation  formerly  owned  by  Mrs.  Wash 
ington,  and  in  war  times  by  General  Lee.  Gloucester  Point,  opposite 
Yorktown,  was  fortified  by  the  rebels  so  as  to  obstruct  navigation  on  the 
York  River.  There  was  only  one  railroad  on  the  Peninsula,  which  ran 
from  Richmond  by  way  of  White  House  to  West  Point.  Warwick  Creek, 
a  swampy  stream,  taking  its  rise  two  miles  above  Yorktown,  runs  across 
the  Peninsula  to  the  James,  entering  the  latter  river  perpendicular  to  its 
course.  Yorktown,  where  Lord  Cornwallis  surrendered  to  General 
Washington,  is  twenty  miles  from  Fortress  Monroe  and  eleven  from 
Williamsburg,  a  former  capital  of  the  Virginia  Colony,  and  the  seat  of 
William  and  Mary  College,  the  oldest  university  in  America,  except 
Harvard,  founded  during  the  reign  of  William  and  Mary  in  1693.  The 
original  buildings  were  designed  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren.  Thomas  Jeffer 
son,  James  Monroe,  John  Marshall,  John  Tyler  and  Gen.  Winneld  Scott 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


19 


were  graduates  of  this  old  university,  of  which  Gen.  Washington  was 
chancellor  from  1788  to  1799.  The  red  brick  college  buildings  in  war 
times  looked  ancient  to  young  soldiers.  The  first  structures,  however, 
had  nearly  all  been  destroyed  by  fire  and  rebuilt.  They  were  seriously 
damaged  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  but  Congress  appropriated 
money  to  repair  the  buildings  during  the  administration  of  Benjamin 
Harrison,  whose  great  grandfather  lived  in  Virginia  and  was  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The  institution,  after  getting 
the  Federal  support,  continued  its  honorable  career. 


CHAPTER  II. 

FAIR  OAKS. 

"The  61st  Pennsylvania  mourn  the  loss  of  all 
their  field  officers,  the  colonel  killed,  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  major  wounded  and  missing.  No 
field  officer  of  that  regiment  being  left  to  make  out 
its  report,  I  simply  attach  a  statement  of  casualties 
at  Seven  Pines  and  Fair  Oaks,  May  31st  and  June 
1st,  1862." 

John  J.  Abercrombie. 

Brig.  General,  commanding  brigade  in  his 
official  report  dated  Camp  near  Fair  Oaks  Station, 
Va.,  June  5th,  1862. 

On  March  26,  1862,  the  61st  moved  again,  embarking  on  the  leaky 
steamer  "Wilson  Small"  bound  for  Fortress  Monroe.  The  vessel  was 
overloaded  and  her  officers  expecting  trouble,  distributed  the  soldiers  so 
as  to  trim  the  boat  properly,  and  stationed  watchmen  to  see  that  the 
passengers  kept  still.  Fortunately,  the  weather  was  good  and  the  trip 
ended  in  twenty-four  hours,  the  regiment  landing  at  Hampton  Roads, 
March  27th,  the  boat  going  to  the  bottom  the  next  day. 

On  the  morning  of  March  28th,  the  scene  from  Hampton  was  impres 
sive.  Most  of  the  ancient  town  had  recently  been  burned  and  the  clouds 
of  ascending  smoke  indicated  that  the  fires  were  not  yet  extinguished. 
Half  a  mile  from  shore  out  in  the  harbor,  the  wreck  of  the  Cumberland, 
sunk  by  the  Merrimac,  was  visible,  the  masts  and  tangled  rigging,  above 
the  waves,  presenting  melancholy  evidence  of  the  waning  glory  of  the  old 
wooden  navy.  To  the  left  toward  Fortress  Monroe  and  out  a  little  further, 
a  strange  craft  appeared.  On  a  flat  surface  about  200  feet  long,  sharpened 
at  each  end,  stood  a  circular  structure  which  seemed  to  be  20  feet  high 
and  30  feet  in  diameter.  It  resembled  an  oil  tank  and  was  afterwards 
appropriately  called  a  cheese  box.  On  it  stood  a  man  with  a  telescope, 
pointing  across  the  Roads  toward  Norfolk,  whence  had  come  the  Merri 
mac  on  March  8th  and  9th,  and  on  the  latter  day,  after  a  four  hours  fight, 
with  the  strange  craft  called  the  Monitor,  the  terrible  confederate  ram, 
retired  to  appear  no  more  as  a  fighter. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  now  present  for  duty  at  Hampton  numbered 
102,896.  Of  this  number,  32,924  belonged  to  the  4th  corps;  the  61st, 
as  before  stated,  being  in  Graham's  brigade,  Couch's  division  of  that  corps. 
This  corps,  soon  after  landing  moved  over  to  a  point  back  of  Newport 
News.  On  April  4,  1862,  the  army  advanced  on  Yorktown,  Couch's 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  21 

and  Smith's  divisions  on  the  left,  marching  ten  miles  and  camping  for  the 
night  at  Young's  Mills  near  the  James  River.  The  61st  was  in  fine  con 
dition  and  could  have  marched  ten  miles  further. 

The  natural  scenery  along  the  route  was  enchanting,  as  the  leaves 
were  half  out  and  the  blossoms  were  bursting  forth  with  all  the  brilliant 
hues  and  tints  in  that  climate  of  marshy  regions,  bordering  the  fresh  and 
salt  water.  The  next  morning,  April  5th,  the  troops  were  on  the  move 
by  six  o'clock,  although  the  rain  came  down  in  torrents,  continuing  all 
day.  The  destination  that  day  was  Warwick  Court  House,  five  miles 
ahead,  where  the  61st  remained  that  night,  except  a  detachment  sent 
down  the  Warwick  river  on  picket,  along  with  other  details  from  the 
brigade.  This  old  Court  House,  being  the  first  one,  is  distinctly  remem 
bered.  The  building  was  brick,  about  twenty-five  feet  wide  and  thirty- 
five  feet  long,  one  story  high.  Inside  were  some  old  benches,  a  desk  for 
the  judge,  and  a  witness  box,  both  elevated  about  two  feet.  Near  the 
Court  House  was  a  brick  jail  about  twelve  feet  square,  with  iron  bars 
across  the  door  and  the  one  window.  No  residences  were  near,  and  the 
whole  county  seat  seemed  to  consist  of  this  Court  House  and  jail.  Where 
the  records  of  deeds  and  of  judicial  and  other  proceedings  incident  to 
local  government  were  kept,  we  did  not  learn.  This  old  Warwick  seat 
of  justice  may  be  taken  as  an  example  of  Virginia  Court  Houses,  so  often 
seen  by  the  Union  armies  during  the  war,  frequently,  as  at  Spottsylvania, 
furnishing  the  name  for  great  battles. 

On  April  6th,  the  61st,  with  other  troops,  moved  near  Warwick 
River,  toward  Lees  Mill,  where  rebel  fortifications  were  encountered  and 
active  resistance  began.  At  this  time  the  61st  was  short  of  rations  for  a 
few  days,  owing  to  the  bad  roads  back  to  Hampton,  but  the  men  made 
little  complaint,  believing  such  experiences  unavoidable.  The  whole 
army  was  now  stopped  by  the  rebel  fortifications,  which  began  at  York- 
town  and  extended  along  the  Warwick  River  to  the  James,  a  distance  of 
twelve  miles.  The  rebel  Gen.  J.  B.  Magruder,  an  Ex.  U.  S.  officer  was  in 
command.  Warwick  River,  so-called,  was  a  small  creek,  starting  two 
miles  above  Yorktown  and  flowing  across  the  Peninsula  to  the  James. 
Toward  the  mouth,  the  stream  was  broad  and  deep,  having  no  perceptible 
current  except  as  affected  by  the  tide.  At  Lees  Mill  there  was  a  dam, 
and  another  at  Winns  Mill  farther  up.  The  rebels  put  in  three  other  dams, 
making  the  Warwick  a  slack  water  stream  about  fifty  feet  wide  for  nearly 
its  entire  length,  and  batteries  were  placed  to  protect  the  dams  and  pre 
vent  the  Union  army  from  crossing.  Facing  these  obstructions  for  ten 
days,  the  61st,  with  other  regiments  aided  in  building  roads  and  in  keeping 
a  close  watch  along  the  front,  expecting  daily  to  move  foward.  Mean 
time  batteries  were  placed  in  position  to  bear  on  the  rebel  works.  On 
April  16th,  the  Union  guns  from  Yorktown  to  Lees  Mill  were  opened  as 
preliminary  to  a  reconnaissance  across  the  Warwick  at  dam  No.  1  in 
front  of  Smith's  division,  4th  Corps,  half  way  between  Lees  and  Winns 


22  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Mills,  and  half  a  mile  to  the  right  of  the  position  held  by  the  61st.  The 
movement  was  made  by  200  men  from  the  3rd  Vermont  and  was  successful, 
the  men  rushing  through  the  water  waist  deep  and  capturing  a  rebel 
fort.  Not  being  promptly  supported,  they  fell  back,  losing  half  their 
number.  In  this  movement  the  Vermonters  established  a  reputation 
for  gallantry,  which  was  to  be  confirmed  on  many  a  bloody  field.  General 
Smith,  the  division  commander  and  veteran  of  the  Mexican  War  referring 
to  the  conduct  of  the  Vermonters,  said  they  showed  "more  individual 
acts  of  heroism"  than  he  had  ever  before  seen  or  read  of. 

Following  this  affair,  the  army  settled  down  to  a  regular  siege  by 
means  of  ditches  and  parallels,  a  hundred  heavy  Parrott  guns,  mortars 
and  howitzers  being  established  opposite  Yorktown  and  along  the  War 
wick  River.  The  4th  Corps,  Gen.  Keyes,  was  on  the  left,  Sumner's 
second  corps  in  the  center,  and  Heintzelman's  third  corps  on  the  right, 
extending  to  the  York  River.  During  this  period  the  61st  was  in  front, 
doing  picket  duty,  much  of  the  time  along  the  Warwick.  On  one  occasion 
a  detail  was  out  several  days,  holding  an  advanced  position  near  the  river, 
but  screened  by  dense  foliage.  The  orders  were  to  make  no  fires,  and  for 
a  day  or  two  the  direction  was  observed.  But  about  the  third  day,  no 
rebels  being  in  sight  the  desire  for  hot  coffee  obscured  the  danger  and 
weakened  the  force  of  military  orders.  A  fire  was  kindled  under  a  large 
elm  tree  with  spreading  branches,  the  limbs  drooping  near  the  ground,  so 
as  to  form  a  cozy  bower  with  a  screen  excluding  all  rebel  gaze,  even  with 
the  aid  of  field  glasses.  The  coffee  reached  the  boiling  point,  its  grateful 
fragrance  suggesting  how  foolish  it  was  to  impose  such  a  long  fast  when 
there  was  no  danger.  But  the  smoke  had  ascended  through  the  foliage 
informing  the  rebels  that  Yankees  were  under  that  tree,  and  the  natural 
consequence  ensued.  Suddenly  a  rebel  battery,  across  the  narrow  stream, 
opened  and  sent  its  missiles  crashing  through  the  tree,  one  shell  before  long 
bursting  in  the  branches,  sending  down  a  shower  of  brush  and  debris  into 
the  boiling  coffee.  The  fires  were  extinguished  and  a  good  lesson  was 
learned  as  to  the  necessity  of  obeying  orders,  even  when  they  seem  un 
necessary.  This  was  the  first  experience  under  artillery  fire  and  satis 
fied  the  soldiers  that  such  an  entertainment  should  always  be  declined. 
The  shells,  bursting  into  ragged  fragments,  differing  in  size  and  shape, 
made  a  hideous  noise  as  they  flew  through  the  air,  and  the  ease  with  which 
limbs  were  cut  off,  told  plainly  what  would  occur  if  human  bodies  were 
struck.  Gen.  Sherman  has  truly  said  that  before  going  under  artillery 
fire,  one  should  have  his  accounts  settled  with  heaven  and  earth. 

The  siege  went  on  without  special  incident  to  the  61st  until  the 
morning  of  May  4th,  when  it  was  discovered  the  enemy  had  retreated. 
The  61st,  with  other  troops  of  the  4th  corps,  crossed  at  Lees  Mills  and 
general  pursuit  was  made  at  once,  which  resulted  in  a  heavy  skirmish 
that  evening  at  Williamsburg.  On  the  next  day,  at  that  place,  May  5th, 
a  battle  was  fought,  in  which  the  Union  loss  was  2,228,  and  the  rebel 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  23 

1,560,  the  enemy  retiring  in  the  night  toward  Richmond.  The  61st 
moved  on  the  5th  to  the  front  line,  but  was  not  seriously  engaged.  The 
rebels  were  fortified  and  merely  fought  for  time  to  effect  removal  of  their 
stores  further  up  the  Peninsula,  while  the  pursuers  hoped  to  gain  decisive 
advantage  by  crushing  the  enemy  and  capturing  guns  and  material. 
General  McClellan  was  not  present  until  the  fighting  ended,  when  he 
galloped  along  the  lines,  being  received  with  great  cheers  by  the  tired 
soldiers.  One  feature  of  this  battle,  in  the  light  of  history  is  worth  men 
tioning.  The  real  fighters  of  the  army  were  discovered;  Hooker,  Han 
cock  and  Kearney,  the  latter  to  lose  his  life  at  Chantilly  in  the  following 
September.  On  the  rebel  side;  Gen.  Longstreet  was  the  hero,  while  the 
two  Hills  and  R.  H.  Anderson  were  prominent. 

This  battle  was  the  first  ordeal  for  most  of  the  troops  engaged  on 
both  sides.  It  showed  great  improvement  over  Bull  Run  and  was  actually 
the  beginning  of  the  long  struggle  between  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and 
that  of  Northern  Virginia,  in  which  the  latter,  after  unparalleled  sacrifices, 
was  annihilated.  The  town  of  Williamsburg  was  full  of  rebel  wounded. 
The  spacious  halls  of  the  College,  temporarily  converted  into  a  hospital, 
presented  painful  sights  for  uninitiated  soldiers,  and  the  dead,  swollen 
and  distorted,  were  gazed  upon  with  horror.  The  union  army  was  elated, 
believing  a  great  victory  had  been  won. 

This  battle  of  Williamsburg  was  fought  within  five  miles  of  the 
historic  site  of  Jamestown,  where  the  first  permanent  English  settlement 
in  the  United  States  had  been  made  in  1607,  and  the  first  cargo  of  slaves 
landed  in  1619.  On  May  8th,  1862,  Keyes'  corps  advanced  up  the  Penin 
sula,  leading  the  land  forces,  about  half  the  army  going  up  the  York 
River  in  transports  to  West  Point.  The  61st  marched  on  the  old  mail 
route  through  Barhamsville,  going  by  Ropers  Church  and  New  Kent 
Court  House  to  Bottom's  Bridge.  By  May  20th,  the  right  of  the  Union 
army  at  New  Bridge  was  within  seven  miles  of  Richmond,  and  its  left 
below  Bottom's  Bridge  on  the  Chickahominy  River  was  only  twelve  miles 
from  the  rebel  capital.  The  61st  was  among  the  first  troops  -to  reach 
the  Chickahominy,  and  Companies  A  and  H,  Captains  Creps  and  Orr, 
were  the  first  troops  across  that  river,  the  enemy  retiring  before  them. 
By  May  24th,  Keyes'  corps  was  over  the  Chickahominy  and  on  the  25th 
took  a  position  at  Seven  Pines,  on  the  main  turnpike  leading  to  Richmond, 
and  nine  miles  from  that  city.  The  3rd  Corps,  Heintzelman's,  also 
crossed;  Hooker's  division  going  southward  to  guard  White  Oak  Swamp, 
while  Kearny's  remained  in  front  of  Savage's  Station.  These  two  corps 
were  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  the  other  three  corps  of  Sumner's, 
Franklin's  and  Porter's  were  on  the  left  bank  at  Gaines  Mill.  The  con 
solidated  returns  of  the  army  show  an  aggregate  of  126,089  officers  and 
men  present  with  280  pieces  of  field  artillery.  The  two  corps  in  advance, 
over  the  river,  consisted  of  four  divisions  of  6,000  to  8,000  each,  with  60 
pieces  of  artillery.  The  rebels  under  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston  were  very 


24  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

active,  and  skirmishing  was  going  on  constantly  in  front.  The  place 
called  Seven  Pines  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Williamsburg  and  Richmond 
road  with  the  Nine  Mile  road,  the  former  road  here  inclining  to  the  left, 
going  toward  the  James  River,  while  the  latter  goes  to  the  right,  crossing 
the  Richmond  and  York  River  Railroad  at  Fair  Oaks  Station,  one  and 
a  half  miles  from  Seven  Pines.  Three  stations  of  this  railroad  were  fre 
quently  mentioned.  Dispatch,  near  the  Chickahominy  bridge,  next, 
Savage,  farther  on,  and  then  Fair  Oaks,  nearest  to  Richmond.  The 
country  was  marshy  and  soft  after  rains.  About  half  the  land  was  cleared 
and  the  other  half  covered  with  timber  and  thick  underbrush.  Obscure 
country  roads  leading  from  one  farm  to  another  constituted  an  inex 
tricable  labyrinth  for  those  not  familiar  with  the  locality.  Casey's 
division  of  the  4th  Corps  started  some  fortifications  in  front  of  Seven 
Pines,  meantime,  on  May  30th,  Couch's  division  advanced  to  Fair  Oaks 
Station,  the  61st  camping  at  the  little  depot  building,  and  that  evening 
Companies  G  and  H,  Captains  Crosby  and  Orr,  were  sent  to  the  front  on 
picket.  During  the  night  May  30th-31st,  in  profound  darkness,  heavy 
rains  fell,  rendering  the  roads  nearly  impassable  and  the  fields  so  soft 
that  artillery  wagons  sunk  to  the  axles.  The  rain  converted  the  sluggish 
Chickahominy  into  a  broad  and  swift  current,  overflowing  the  banks, 
cutting  off  approach  to  the  bridges  and  forming  a  perilous  barrier  between 
the  two  wings  of  the  Union  army.  This  was  the  situation  May  31,  1862, 
when  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  began. 

General  Johnston's  plan  was  to  capture  or  destroy  the  four  advanced 
Union  divisions  of  twenty-five  thousand  men  before  re-inforcements 
could  reach  them  from  the  left  bank  of  the  swollen  river.  The  rebels, 
advancing. along  the  Williamsburg  road,  first  assailed  Casey's  division 
in  overwhelming  force,  driving  it  back,  capturing  the  new  earthworks 
with  some  guns.  Shortly  after  noon  the  hard  fighting  extended  along 
the  entire  line  to  the  right,  as  well  as  the  left  of  Fair  Oaks  Station.  The 
61st  stood  in  line  awaiting  orders.  About  noon,  an  aid  of  Gen.  Couch, 
the  division  commander,  came  to  the  regiment  on  horseback.  By  direc 
tion  of  Gen.  Couch,  the  61st  now  moved  forward  toward  the  left  at  double 
quick,  taking  the  road  toward  Richmond  and  after  going  some  distance 
was  turned  back,  passing  the  1st  Long  Island  Regiment,  entering  the  woods 
to  its  right.  As  the  Regiment  entered  the  woods,  Gen.  Couch  met  it  and 
said  to  Col.  Rippey,  "This  is  a  forlorn  hope.  Hold  the  enemy  back  at  all 
hazards."  The  Colonel  saluting,  said,  "I  have  the  men  in  my  Regiment 
for  such  work."  Gen.  Couch  was  perfectly  cool.  The  coolness  of  Gen. 
Couch  and  the  confidence  he  seemed  to  have  in  the  61st,  had  a  good 
effect  on  the  men,  now  to  engage  in  their  first  and  bloodiest  battle. 

As  the  regiment  advanced  to  the  front,  marching  by  the  flank  in 
fours,  the  rebels  could  be  seen  on  the  left,  driving  back  Casey's  division, 
through  the  open  fields.  Before  proceeding  far  from  Fair  Oaks  Station, 
the  starting  point,  while  the  61st  was  moving  through  the  woods,  a  rebel 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  25 

column  approached  from  the  opposite  direction,  also  moving  by  the 
flank.  When  the  heads  of  these  columns  were  about  fifty  yards  apart, 
Gen.  Couch  directed  Col.  Rippey  to  file  right,  move  the  length  of  the 
regiment,  then  face  to  the  front  and  attack  the  advancing  rebels,  and 
the  General  then  rode  off  toward  the  left.  The  Colonel,  promptly  obey 
ing  the  order,  turned  the  head  of  the  column  to  the  right,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  rebel  commander,  in  a  clear,  strong  voice,  gave  the  command 
"left  by  file  into  line"  and  his  troops  immediately  began  the  movement. 
When  the  61st  had  moved  its  length  to  the  right,  it  halted  and  faced  to 
the  front,  and  the  rebels  continuing  their  movement  formed  a  line  parallel 
to  the  61st,  facing  it  about  twenty  yards  distant  therefrom.  Between 
the  two  lines  there  was  some  underbrush,  but  not  enough  to  afford  any 
protection  to  either  side.  The  rebel  column  consisted  of  more  than  one 
regiment,  as  its  line  of  battle,  when  formed,  extended  far  beyond  the  right 
of  the  61st.  In  this  position,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  the  Colonel, 
the  61st  opened  fire  on  the  rebels,  which  they  immediately  returned  and 
a  terrific  struggle  began.  Early  in  the  fight  Col.  Rippey  was  killed; 
Lieut-Col.  Spear  was  wounded  and  Major  Smith  was  captured.  Ad 
jutant  Miller,  having  been  sent  for  Companies  G  and  H,  was  not  present, 
leaving  the  regiment  without  any  field  officers,  and  most  of  the  line  officers, 
were  either  killed  or  wounded.  Still  the  men,  with  incredible  bravery,  kept 
up  the  fight,  disregarding  repeated  requests  to  retire  of  Col.  Neill  of  the 
23rd  Pennsylvania,  whose  regiment,  to  the  left  of  the  61st,  had  moved 
back  to  avoid  being  flanked.  After  the  retirement  of  that  regiment  on 
the  left,  the  rebels  marched  by  advancing  toward  Seven  Pines.  In  the 
meantime,  the  rebel  line,  extending  to  the  right  of  the  61st,  outflanked 
and  enveloped  that  wing  of  the  regiment,  sending  a  column  along  the  rear, 
demanding  that  the  61st  surrender.  Finally,  when  the  regiment  had 
exhausted  its  ammunition,  an  order  went  along  the  line  to  fall  back,  and 
most  of  the  uninjured  started  toward  the  rear,  only  to  run  into  the  rebel 
line.  Instantly  a  fierce  hand-to-hand  fight  ensued,  officers  using  their 
swords  and  revolvers  and  the  men  their  empty  guns  as  clubs.  The  con 
test  was  necessarily  short,  as  the  rebel  line  in  front  came  rushing  over  the 
abandoned  position,  yelling  like  fiends  and  ordering  men  of  the  61st  to 
throw  down  their  arms  and  surrender.  But  this  demand  was  unheeded, 
the  rebels  in  the  rear  were  brushed  out  of  the  way,  except  thirty-five  of 
them,  who  were  swept  into  the  Union  line  as  prisoners.  A  few  of  the 
61st  men  were  captured  because  they  did  not  hear  the  order  to  retire. 
Sergeant  Oliver  A.  Parsons  of  Company  D,  afterwards  Major  of  the 
regiment,  was  one  of  these.  He,  with  some  others,  hearing  no  orders,  kept 
up  the  fight  until  they  were  completely  hemmed  in  on  all  sides,  and  their 
companions  no  longer  in  sight.  They  were  disarmed  and  marched  off 
as  prisoners  to  Richmond.  The  men  who  cut  their  way  out,  after  getting 
a  fresh  supply  of  ammunition,  were  in  line  again  near  Gen.  Keyes'  head 
quarters,  joining  Companies  G  and  H,  under  Captains  Creps  and  Orr, 


26  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

and  aided  the  re-inforcements  under  Gen.  Sumner  in  repelling  the  rebel 
attack  on  the  Union  left  and  staying  the  enemy's  progress  for  the  day. 

As  the  61st  moved  back,  a  deadly  struggle  took  place  over  the  flag. 
Three  color  bearers  had  been  shot,  the  last  one  falling  with  the  flag  while 
the  line  was  moving  back,  pressed  hard  toward  the  right  by  the  oncoming 
rebels.  Private  David  H.  Ford  of  Company  K,  seeing  the  flag  go  down, 
ran  and  picked  it  up  and  bore  it  to  the  rear,  surrounded  by  about  fifty 
determined  men  of  the  regiment,  each  ready  to  take  the  colors  if  necessary 
to  prevent  capture.  When  Ford  grabbed  the  flag  he  saw  it  had  been 
riddled  by  rebel  bullets,  the  staff  also  being  shattered;  still  he  held  the 
colors  up  defiantly  as  he  proceeded,  the  enemy's  bullets  knocking  splinters 
off  the  staff  and  making  further  rents  in  the  flag,  which  as  a  silent  witness 
of  a  bloody  struggle  was  sent  back  to  Pittsburgh  with  the  body  of  Col. 
Rippey. 

Ford  was  promoted  to  color  sergeant  and  received  a  disabling  wound 
while  carrying  the  flag  at  Marye's  Heights  charge,  May  3rd,  1863. 

The  severely  wounded  of  the  61st  were  left  on  the  battlefield  for  two 
days  with  the  dead,  the  other  wounded  still  on  the  field  who  could  be 
moved  without  stretchers,  were  taken  to  the  rebel  field  hospitals  and 
enrolled  as  prisoners.  Among  the  wounded  officers  of  the  61st,  taken 
by  the  rebels,  were  Lieut.  Col.  George  C.  Spear  and  Maj.  George  F.  Smith. 
The  helpless  wounded  remaining  on  the  field  were  in  a  most  perilous  situa 
tion.  The  Union  troops  soon  turned  on  their  pursuers  and  sent  a  shower 
of  minie  balls  singing  through  the  woods,  endangering  and  actually  hitting 
many  of  the  wounded,  and  in  not  a  few  instances,  putting  an  end  to  their 
suffering.  Shells  and  solid  shot  also  crashed  through  the  timber,  one 
cannon  ball  cutting  a  tall  pine  tree  half  off  about  fifty  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  after  the  debris  had  cleared  away,  it  was  observed  that  the  top  of 
the  tree  leaned  over  toward  the  wounded,  liable  to  fall  on  them  at  any 
time.  The  Union  troops  that  offered  this  strong  resistance  in  the  new 
line,  included  those  that  had  been  fighting  over  four  hours,  sustaining 
losses  so  heavy  that  many  of  the  organizations  were  broken  into  frag 
ments,  but  the  men  were  game  to  the  end,  both  infantry  and  artillery. 

Gen.  Webb  in  his  "The  Peninsula,"  page  107,  referring  to  these 
soldiers  says: 

"The  line  was  formed  of  companies,  regiments 
and  parts  of  regiments,  fragments  of  divisions  and 
brigades,  which  had  lost  their  integrity  in  the  fierce 
fight  of  the  afternoon.  Casey,  Couch,  Kearney, 
Birney  were  all  represented,  and  the  men  stood 
firm,  shoulder  to  shoulder  in  the  fading  light." 

This  ended  the  first  day  at  Fair  Oaks,  a  battle  fought  by  two-fifths 
of  the  army,  with  Gen.  McClellan,  the  commander-in-chief,  back  at  Gaines 
Mill  on  the  north  side  of  the  Chickahominy,  with  the  other  three-fifths, 
except  one  division  under  Gen.  Sumner.  On  June  1st,  the  rebels  were 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  27 

driven  back  and  the  Union  troops  took  substantially  the  position  they 
held  before  the  fight  began.  The  61st  had  little  part  in  the  fight  on  the 
second  day,  but  resumed  a  position  near  Fair  Oaks  Station,  not  far  from 
that  occupied  by  it  in  the  morning  of  May  31st. 

The  losses  of  the  61st,  as  officially  reported  by  Gen.  E.  D.  Keyes, 
the  Corps  commander,  under  date  of  June  13,  1862,  were  as  follows: 
Officers  killed,  5;  wounded,  9;  missing,  4.  Men  killed,  65;  wounded, 
143;  missing,  39;  total  263.  Three  of  the  officers  and  21  of  the  men  were 
mortally  wounded  and  soon  died.  The  actual  loss  therefore,  was,  killed 
92,  wounded  132  ,  of  whom  four  were  captured;  missing  39,  total  263. 
The  officers  killed  were,  Col.  Oliver  H.  Rippey,  Capt.  Joseph  Gerard, 
Company  K;  First  Lieutenants  John  Pollock,  Company  A;  William 
Scott,  Company  B;  and  Alfred  Moylan,  Company  I. 

In  "Regimental  Losses  in  the  American  Civil  War"  by  Col.  Wm.  F. 
Fox,  published  in  1889,  the  author  furnishes  statistics  of  vast  importance 
concerning  casualties  in  individual  regiments  of  infantry,  artillery  and 
cavalry.  This  work  has  always  been  regarded  as  semi-official,  for  the 
author  had  access  to  all  government  records  and  other  sources  of  authentic 
information.  On  page  37  Col.  Fox  says;  the  61st  took  into  the  battle 
of  Fair  Oaks  574  men  and  the  loss  was  55.4  per  cent.  On  page  274  he 
says,  the  total  loss  was  263,  and  that  the  killed  numbered  92.  These 
figures  indicate  some  error,  as  55.4  per  cent  of  574  would  show  a  loss  of 
317  instead  of  263,  a  discrepancy  of  54.  This  may  be  accounted  for 
to  some  extent  by  the  fact  that  only  eight  companies  of  the  regiment 
were  in  the  fight  where  the  Colonel  was  killed;  the  other  two  companies, 
G  and  H,  having  been  on  picket  the  night  before,  were  detained  for  ser 
vice  on  other  parts  of  the  field,  especially  at  the  new  line  mentioned  by 
Gen.  Webb.  Apparently  the  loss  of  the  regiment,  as  given  by  Gen. 
Keyes,  of  263,  did  not  include  losses  if  any,  sustained  by  Companies  G 
and  H.  In  Vol.  II  Bates  History,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  408,  the  author 
says,  the  61st  loss  at  Fair  Oaks  was  "11  officers  and  269  men,"  total  280, 
whereas  the  actual  loss  in  officers  was  16,  counting  killed,  wounded  and 
missing.  Obviously,  these  figures  are  irreconcilable;  even  the  official 
statistics  when  thoroughly  sifted,  may  leave  doubt  as  to  the  losses  of  the 
61st  at  Fair  Oaks.  How  many  of  the  39  missing  were  wounded  and  died 
of  their  injuries,  and  how  many  came  back  as  exchanged  prisoners,  does 
not  appear  in  any  available  publication. 

James  M.  Walker  of  Company  A,  kept  a  diary  during  the  three  years 
of  his  services  and  a  synopsis  of  his  notes  was  published  in  1880  in  a  book 
called  "History  of  Indiana  County,  Pa."  This  history,  and  the  diary 
Mr.  Walker  has  kindly  turned  over  to  the  historian.  The  information 
is  valuable  in  the  highest  degree,  and  the  facts  are  accurately  and  clearly 
stated,  as  shown  where  verification  has  been  practicable.  Mr.  Walker 
says  the  61st  lost  at  Fair  Oaks  all  its  field  officers  and  all  the  line  officers 
except  twelve  were  killed,  wounded,  or  prisoners. 


28  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  loss  of  the  61st  at  Fair  Oaks  was  greater  than  any  other  regiment 
in  that  battle  and  only  ten  other  regiments  in  the  whole  war  had  greater 
losses  in  single  battles.  The  total  losses  at  Fair  Oaks  were,  killed,  790; 
wounded,  3,594;  missing,  647;  total  5,031.  More  than  11  per  cent,  of 
the  killed  were  in  the  61st.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  the  entire 
battle,  for  every  one  killed,  more  than  four  were  wounded,  about  the 
usual  proportion;  while  in  the  61st,  the  killed  numbered  92  and  the  wounded 
only  132,  a  startling  mortality,  which  is  accounted  for  in  part  by  the  short 
range,  the  absence  of  all  protection  between  the  lines,  the  fact  that  wounded 
were  killed  by  fire  from  the  new  Union  position  in  the  rear,  but  the  high 
death  rate  is  due  chiefly  to  the  sturdy  determination  of  the  61st  to  stay 
and  fight  it  out  to  the  last  man. 

If  the  killed  and  wounded  in  the  61st  had  been  on  the  usual  basis, 
as  above  indicated,  the  figures  would  be,  killed  92,  wounded,  368;  missing, 
39;  total,  499;  being  over  80  per  cent,  of  the  men  engaged. 

In  a  book  entitled,  "Numbers  and  Losses  in  the  Civil  War"  pub 
lished  by  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Company  in  1900,  interesting  statistics 
are  given  and  suggestive  comparisons  are  made.  On  pages  81  and  140, 
it  is  said  the  Union  force  actually  engaged  at  Fair  Oaks,  numbered  41,797, 
and  the  rebel  force  numbered  41,816,  that  the  Union  killed  and  wounded 
numbered  4,384  and  the  rebel  5,729,  that  out  of  every  1000  in  the  Union 
army,  105  were  hit,  and  out  of  every  1000  in  the  rebel  army,  137  were 
hit. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  pursue  further  the  subject  of  losses  of  the  61st 
at  Fair  Oaks,  but  it  is  proper  to  state  the  reasons  why  a  single  regiment 
was  placed  in  such  an  exposed  position  and  there  apparently  abandoned 
by  the  officers  in  command  and  allowed  to  be  cut  to  pieces  by  superior 
forces  of  the  enemy  in  front,  on  both  flanks  and  later  in  the  rear.  Though 
hard  on  the  regiment,  the  movement  was  undoubtedly  justified  by  the 
exigencies  of  the  battle  and  was  good  generalship  on  the  part  of  the  dis 
tinguished  division  commander,  General  Couch,  for  whom  every  member 
of  the  61st  always  cherished  the  warmest  affection.  On  the  left,  Casey's 
division,  after  hard  fighting,  had  retired,  and  the  heroic  Kearney  with 
his  division  was  in  peril  from  the  oncoming  victorious  rebels,  threatening 
to  push  the  whole  Union  left  into  the  Chickahominy.  On  the  Union 
right  a  heavy  force  of  rebels  were  advancing  and  no  troops  in  sight  to 
offer  any  resistance.  In  the  meantime,  the  brave  old  Sumner,  was  forc 
ing  his  first  division  under  Sedgwick,  over  the  unstable  bridge  and  through 
the  deep  mud  toward  the  sound  of  battle. 

If  Sumner  could  get  on  to  the  field  and  the  second  Union  line  could 
be  formed,  the  rebels  might  be  stopped  and  the  army  saved.  But  time 
was  necessary  and  it  must  be  exacted  of  the  enemy  at  any  cost.  A  crisis 
existed  requiring  prompt  decision  and  instant  action.  The  Union  leaders 
were  equal  to  the  demand.  Instead  of  going  back,  they  advanced  with 
the  61st  and  other  troops  into  the  woods  to  meet  the  foe,  and  when  the 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  29 

struggle  was  on,  no  officers  or  orderlies  could  get  near  the  scene  of  con 
flict  with  fresh  orders.  There  was  only  one  course  possible,  and  that  was 
to  let  the  soldiers  fight  it  out  while  the  officers  arranged  strong  opposition 
in  the  rear  through  a  new  position  and  re-inforcements.  This  was  good 
tactics,  and  the  brave  officers  did  not  leave  the  field,  but  gallantly  faced 
the  enemy  in  the  second  line.  Keyes,  Heintzelman,  Casey,  Couch,  Kerney, 
Birney,  Abercrombie,  the  brigade  commander,  and  others,  swords  in 
hand,  encouraged  the  men  to  hold  the  new  position  whether  they  had 
ammunition  or  not.  Fragments  of  the  61st  as  before  stated,  joined  this 
line  after  their  terrific  struggle,  and  saw  the  dashing  rebels  sullenly  retire 
out  of  range,  as  darkness  put  an  end  to  the  furious  conflict. 

Official  reports  of  the  Corps,  division  and  brigade  commanders, 
speak  in  high  terms  of  the  61st.  Gen,  Keyes  in  his  report,  referring  to 
the  23rd  P.  V.  and  the  61st,  said,  "These  two  regiments  assailed  a  vastly 
superior  force  of  the  enemy  and  fought  with  extraordinary  bravery." 
The  casualties  in  the  61st  amounted  to  263  and  are  heavier  than  in  any 
other  regiment  in  Couch's  division.  Gen.  Abercrombie  commanding  the 
brigade,  referring  to  the  fight  near  Fair  Oaks  Station,  said  in  his  report 
dated  June  5th,  1862,  "The  dead  of  the  enemy  on  the  portion  of  the 
battle-field  occupied  by  the  1st  Long  Island,  23rd  and  61st  Pennsylvania, 
are  the  proofs  I  have  of  the  gallantry  displayed  by  those  regiments." 

A  discussion  of  the  rebel  losses  at  Fair  Oaks  would  be  interesting, 
but  the  reader  is  referred  to  general  histories  for  that,  except  a  quotation 
from  "Reminiscences  of  the  Civil  War"  by  Gen.  John  B.  Gordon,  who 
attacked  the  Union  lines  on  May  31st,  and  tells  on  page  58  how  roughly 
he  was  handled:  "The  losses  were  appalling,  all  the  field  officers,  except 
myself,  had  been  killed,  of  44  officers  of  the  line,  but  13  were  left  for  duty. 
Nearly  two- thirds  of  the  entire  command  were  killed  or  wounded.  My 
young  brother,  who  had  been  shot  through  the  lungs,  was  carried  back 
with  the  wounded.  My  horse  and  all  others  in  the  regiment  were  killed." 
Referring  to  the  termination  of  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  Gen.  Webb 
in  his  book,  already  referred  to,  says  on  page  116: 

"The  attempt  of  the  rebels  to  drive  the  left 
wing  into  the  Chickahominy,  and  cut  McClellan's 
line  of  supply  from  White  House,  which  opened 
with  every  prospect  of  success,  was  turned  first 
into  failure  and  then  into  disaster,  which  sent  them 
back  to  Richmond  in  a  panic  on  the  night  of  June 
1st." 

The  authentic  acts  of  heroism  and  other  thrilling  personal  incidents 
of  this  great  struggle,  which  established  a  high  record  for  the  61st,  would 
fill  a  volume,  but  then,  perhaps  the  most  interesting  would  go  unmen- 
tioned  for  lack  of  definite  information.  The  following  particulars  are  to 
be  taken  as  representative  of  hundreds  of  others  quite  as  important,  of 
which  the  historian  is  not  informed.  Sergeant  Major  W.  J.  Glenn,  after- 


30  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

wards  one  of  the  five  different  captains  of  Company  E,  later  Colonel  in 
the  Spanish-American  War,  was  near  Col.  Rippey  when  that  brave 
officer  gave  his  last  command,  starting  the  bloody  battle,  as  follows: 
"Ready,  aim,  fire."  It  was  not  long  until  the  colonel  was  shot  and  fell 
to  the  ground.  His  body  was  not  recovered  until  Monday,  June  2nd, 
when  he  was  sent  home  with  the  colors.  The  regiment  seemed  to  melt 
away  and  the  fire  slackened,  as  men  were  killed  and  disabled.  Col. 
Rippey's  last  command  was  a  peculiarly  fitting  termination  for  the  career 
of  the  brave  officer.  Glenn,  himself,  was  soon  shot  through  the  right  leg, 
but  did  not  leave  the  field  until  the  regiment  retired.  He  then  hobbled 
back  through  the  enclosing  rebel  line,  growing  weaker  from  loss  of  blood. 
His  gait  was  accelerated,  after  reaching  the  open,  by  seeing  a  strong 
column  of  rebels  marching  down  the  Nine  Mile  road,  their  guns  at  "right 
shoulder  shift,  route  step,"  as  if  the  Yankees  had  all  vanished.  Before 
proceeding  far,  he  saw  a  heavy  Union  line  of  battle  which  after  firing 
one  shot,  charged  the  rebel  troops  with  a  great  cheer  and  drove  them 
back.  These  were  Gen.  Sumner's  soldiers  who  had  bravely  crossed  the 
Chickahominy  on  a  floating  bridge  that  afternoon  and  hastened  through 
mud  and  swamps  to  the  support  of  the  hard  pressed  fighters  of  the  3rd 
and  4th  Corps.  Sergeant-Major  Glenn,  stopped  in  an  old  barn  to  have 
his  wound  dressed,  one  of  his  fellow  sufferers  being  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard, 
who  had  lost  an  arm. 

Praise  of  the  61st  regiment,  for  its  part  in  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks 
would  be  quite  superfluous.  One  might  as  well  commend  the  "embattled 
farmers"  who  stood  at  Concord  and  "fired  the  shot  heard  around  the 
world."  If  the  history  of  the  61st  regiment  ended  with  June  2,  1862,  it 
would  stand  high  on  the  roll  of  honor,  and  its  fame  would  be  cherished  by 
the  Nation  and  the  State  as  a  precious  heritage,  affording  distinction  for 
all  time  to  the  descendants  of  the  men  who  fought  in  the  swamp  and 
valiantly  held  back  a  triumphant  foe  until  assistance  arrived.  Yet  the 
battle  of  Fair  Oaks  was  only  the  beginning  of  a  career  to  end  at  Appo- 
mattox  when  an  iron  band  was  drawn  tight  around  the  rebellion,  exting 
uishing  its  life. 

After  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  by  order  of  Gen.  Abercrombie,  Lieut- 
Col.  Frank  Vallee  was  assigned  temporarily  to  the  command  of  the  61st, 
which  then  had  no  field  officers  present  for  duty.  By  direction  of  this 
new  regimental  commander,  Companies  C  and  I  were  distributed  to  other 
companies  for  the  reason  that  these  two  companies  were  left  without  any 
commissioned  officers  and  had  suffered  severely  in  the  loss  of  non-com 
missioned  officers  and  privates. 


CHAPTER  III. 

« 

MALVERN  HILL— ANTIETAM 

"The  sun  of  September  18th,  1862,  at  Antietam 
rose  to  light  up  one  of  those  scenes  of  suffering  and 
anguish  which  humbled  the  pride  of  man  by  the 
exhibition  of  his  weakness  and  cruelty.  Twenty 
thousand  men  killed  or  wounded  the  day  before 
were  lying  on  that  narrow  battlefield.  Their  com 
rades  were  exhausted  by  the  struggle,  by  fatigue 
and  by  the  want  of  both  sleep  and  food." 

Comte  De  Paris. 

Many  of  the  soldiers  wounded  at  Fair  Oaks  were  sent  north  in  hospital 
steamers  from  the  White  House  on  the  Pamunkey  River;  to  this  point 
they  were  transported  from  the  battlefield  in  box  cars  at  the  rate  of  about 
a  thousand  each  day.  On  the  afternoon  of  June  6th  some  of  the  61st 
wounded  with  many  others,  were  put  on  board  the  hospital  steamer 
Louisiana  at  White  House  Landing,  bound  for  Philadelphia.  The  steamer, 
with  its  precious  load  of  sufferers,  started  the  next  day  but  made  slow 
progress,  getting  out  of  the  narrow  stream  into  the  York  River  and  then 
by  Old  Point  up  around  through  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  ascending  the 
Delaware  River  to  the  City  of  Brotherly  Love,  where  it  arrived  on  June 
12th. 

Such  a  vast  number  of  wounded  as  this  steamer  contained  had  never 
before  landed  in  the  city  at  one  time,  and  being  advised  in  advance  of  the 
progress  of  the  vessel,  the  people  made  ample,  even  lavish  preparation  to 
receive  the  wounded  soldiers.  Having  but  few  ambulances,  a  notice  was 
published  in  the  papers  asking  owners  of  vehicles  to  be  on  hand  and  help 
move  the  disabled  men  to  the  various  hospitals.  As  the  steamer  came 
in  sight,  down  the  river,  bells  rang  all  over  the  city  giving  the  prearranged 
signal,  and  thereupon  ambulances,  carriages,  express  wagons,  moving 
vans  and  even  drays  and  carts  hastened  to  the  dock  and  stood  ready  for 
any  required  service.  These  people  filled  up  all  the  space  along  the  dock 
and  extended  up  into  the  lower  end  of  the  streets,  the  drivers  quietly 
gazing  at  the  steamer  as  she  slowly  swung  into  place.  Thousands  of 
anxious  people  crowded  around  as  near  as  they  could  approach  the  steamer, 
removing  their  hats  as  the  wounded  were  carried  by. 

Many  of  the  people  were  looking  for  friends  and  scanned  with  deep 
solicitude  each  soldier  as  he  was  borne  along.  One  member  of  the  61st 
in  a  perfectly  helpless  condition  was  carried  to  an  express  wagon  whose 
bed  proved  to  be  too  short.  A  longer  and  more  suitable  wagon  was 


32  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

obtained,  to  which  he  was  removed,  with  apologies  for  not  getting  a  proper 
conveyance  at  once.  Two  men  besides  the  driver  went  along  to  South 
and  24th  Street  Hospital,  one  of  the  men  on  the  way  obtaining  information 
for  a  beautiful  and  sympathetic  letter  to  the  soldier's  mother,  which  is 
still  treasured  as  a  memento. 

Arriving  at  the  hospital,  this  member  of  the  61st  received  every  possible 
attention  from  the  doctors  and  nurses.  After  his  clothes  were  changed 
and  nourishing  food  provided,  including  strawberries  and  cream,  a  lady 
came  around  with  a  portfolio  and  writing  materials  to  take  messages 
for  home.  This  woman,  bright  and  cheery,  intelligent  and  versatile,  was 
none  other  than  Mrs.  Henry  Gary  Baird,  whose  husband  was  then  a 
most  distinguished  citizen  with  a  national  reputation  as  an  author  and 
publisher.  The  kindness  shown  this  member  of  the  61st  was  extended 
to  thousands  of  others  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and  it  was  kept  up 
until  the  war  ended.  The  people  also  showed  their  patriotism  by  raising 
vast  sums  for  the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions,  by  subscribing 
for  millions  of  government  bonds  in  the  darkest  days  of  the  Rebellion 
and  establishing  the  first  national  bank  in  the  United  States.  Phila 
delphia  deserves  the  measureless  gratitude  of  every  Union  soldier  during 
the  war  and  of  every  American  citizen  from  that  day  on  to  the  end  of 
time. 

After  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  the  Union  Army  occupied  the  field  and 
fortified  a  position  extending  from  Goldings  on  the  right,  near  Duane's 
Bridge,  to  White  Oak  Swamp  on  the  left,  a  distance  as  the  line  ran  of  about 
five  miles.  Franklin's  corps  held  the  right,  Sumner's  the  center  and 
Heintzelman's  the  left,  Keyes'  corps  being  in  reserve  near  Savage  Station; 
Porter's  corps  with  McCall's  division  remained  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Chickahominy,  covering  the  region  from  Mechanicsville  to  a  point  below 
Gaines  Mill.  The  base  of  supplies  was  still  at  White  House  on  the  Pamun- 
key  River,  the  Richmond  and  York  River  Railroad  connecting  that  point 
with  the  front. 

The  weather  until  about  June  20th  was  extremely  unfavorable  for 
military  operations,  the  Chickahominy  overflowed  its  banks  to  an  un 
paralleled  extent,  sweeping  away  all  the  bridges  but  the  railroad,  whose 
frail  scaffolding  trembled  over  the  turbulent  flood.  The  ground,  com 
posed  of  alternate  layers  of  clay  and  quicksand,  was  really  a  vast  swamp. 
Vehicles,  especially  artillery,  could  be  moved  with  the  greatest  difficulty, 
the  wheels  sinking  deep  in  the  mire  and  soon  stalling  any  number  of  will 
ing  horses.  In  the  morning  the  sun  came  out  hot,  filling  the  air  with 
poisonous  exhalations  from  the  dead  bodies  of  men  and  animals.  The 
heat  became  suffocating. 

While  the  army  was  thus  condemned  to  inactivity  in  movements, 
the  men  were  not  idle.  Each  day  details  worked  on  the  fortifications, 
made  roads,  repaired  bridges,  while  strong,  aggressive  picket  lines  ex 
tended  from  right  to  left  of  the  entire  line,  keeping  up  a  ceaseless  and 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  33 

resounding  fusillade.  Three  weeks  of  this  life  made  sad  havoc  among 
the  men,  who  in  vast  numbers  were  taken  with  swamp  and  typhoid  fever, 
many  dying,  while  others  required  hospital  treatment.  However,  the 
expectation  of  taking  Richmond  and  ending  the  war  kept  the  men  hope 
ful  and  ever  ready  for  any  service.  The  61st  camped  near  Savage  Station 
under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Vallee  assigned  to  this  command  from  the 
82nd  Pa.  Vol.  of  the  same  brigade,  doing  its  share  of  picket  and  other  duty, 
but  suffering  a  great  deal  from  sickness  owing  in  part  to  the  close  proximity 
of  the  great  White  Oak  Swamp,  whose  northerly  borders  were  near  its 
camp.  The  regiment  was  still  in  the  same  brigade,  commanded  by 
Gen.  Abercrombie,  Gen.  Couch  having  the  division  and  Gen.  Keyes  the 
4th  corps,  Gen.  Peck  succeeding  to  the  command  of  Casey's  division. 

The  vSeven  Days'  Battle,  so  called,  began  June  25th,  1862,  with  a 
reconnaissance  along  the  Williamsburg  Road  in  front  of  Seven  Pines  to 
Oak  Grove,  four  miles  from  Richmond.  The  next  day,  the  26th,  the  fight 
was  at  Mechanicsville  on  the  extreme  right;  then  followed  on  the  27th 
the  great  Battle  of  Gaines  Mill;  the  28th  had  little  beyond  heavy  skir 
mishing;  the  29th  saw  two  engagements,  one  at  Savage  Station  and  the 
other  at  Allen's  Farm,  otherwise  known  as  Peach  Orchard.  In  these 
engagements  on  the  29th  the  rebel  general  Magruder  used  a  heavy  long- 
range  noisy  cannon,  mounted  on  a  flat  car.  This  contrivance  the  rebels 
called  the  Land  Merrimac,  and  strange  to  relate,  like  the  great  water 
prototype,  after  appearing  twice  it  retired  to  that  peaceful  bourne  whence 
no  traveller  returns  by  land  or  water. 

The  30th  there  was  heavy  fighting  on  Frazier's  Farm,  at  White  Oak 
Swamp,  the  battle  including  bloody  struggles  at  Glendale  and  the  various 
cross-roads  at  that  place  and  extending  clear  over  to  Turkey  Bend  on 
the  James  River.  The  last  battle  was  at  Malvern  Hill  July  1st,  after 
which  the  army  moved  down  the  James  seven  miles  to  Harrison's  Landing, 
where  it  remained  until  the  middle  of  August.  When  the  seven  days' 
fight  began,  the  army  numbered  92,500  of  all  arms.  This  general  state 
ment  is  made  that  the  services  of  the  61st  may  be  better  understood  in 
the  operations  referred  to. 

In  these  movements,  which  carried  the  army  from  the  Chickahominy, 
seven  miles  from  Richmond,  to  Harrison's  Landing  on  the  James  River, 
twenty  miles  from  the  rebel  capital,  and  changed  the  base  of  operations 
from  the  White  House  to  Harrison's  Landing,  Keyes'  corps  took  an 
important  and  perilous  part,  in  protecting  the  movement  through  White 
Oak  Swamp.  The  entire  army,  with  4,000  wagons,  500  ambulances,  350 
pieces  of  artillery  and  2,500  head  of  cattle,  moved  southerly  through  this 
swamp  on  the  way  to  the  James  River.  The  great  marsh  known  as  White 
Oak  Swamp,  on  the  left  of  the  Union  army,  was  over  five  miles  wide, 
extending  as  before  stated,  from  the  Chickahominy  toward  Richmond  to 
a  point  in  advance  of  Seven  Pines.  It  was  covered  with  tangled  under 
brush  and  had  no  paths  up  and  down.  One  road  crossed  it  from  the 


34  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Williamsburg  turnpike,  starting  near  Bottom's  Bridge,  and  Gen.  Keyes 
discovered  another  old  and  obscure  pathway  leading  across  from  Savage 
Station  on  the  railroad.  Both  of  these  roads  ended  in  the  clearings  called 
Frazier's  Farm,  after  crossing  a  bridge  spanning  the  stream  which  drained 
the  marsh  emptying  into  the  Chickahominy  at  Turner's  Bridge.  This 
stream  is  itself  called  White  Oak  Swamp.  About  two  miles  toward  the 
James  from  Frazier's  Farm  is  Charles  City  Crossroads,  where  many 
highways  join;  one  coming  from  White  Oak  Swamp  is  continued  as  the 
Quaker  Road  to  Malvern  Hill.  The  Charles  City,  the  Central  and  New 
market  roads  come  in  from  Richmond,  the  latter  two  uniting  three  miles 
away.  Numerous  other  roads  are  here  leading  toward  the  Chickahominy 
and  the  James.  Toward  Richmond  from  the  Charles  City  Crossroads  is 
a  vast  open  section  consisting  of  several  cultivated  farms,  called  Glendale, 
where  the  main  battle  was  fought  June  30th.  Near  the  James  River  at 
Turkey  Bend,  two  miles  away,  is  Malvern  Hill,  made  memorable  by  the 
engagement  of  July  1st. 

During  the  night  of  June  27th,  after  the  Union  defeat  at  Gaines 
Mill,  Keyes  was  ordered  to  move  his  corps  through  White  Oak  Swamp 
toward  the  James,  protecting  the  right  flank  of  the  army  from  rebel 
attack.  On  the  same  day,  while  the  fight  was  in  progress  at  Gaines 
Mill,  Companies  A  and  H  of  the  61st  were  sent  forward  in  advance  and  to 
the  left  of  Seven  Pines  in  consequence  of  rebel  activity  at  that  point. 
The  companies  were  deployed  as  skirmishers  and  before  proceeding  far 
met  a  rebel  line  of  battle  which  forced  them  back,  one  man  in  Company  A 
being  wounded.  The  colonel  of  the  55th  N.  Y.,  assuming  the  skirmish 
line  had  retreated  too  easily,  advanced  with  his  whole  regiment,  receiving 
a  bloody  repulse,  when  a  whole  brigade  was  found  necessary  to  stop  the 
bold  rebel  attack. 

The  movement  of  Keyes'  corps  began  at  once  and  by  the  morning 
of  June  29th  the  61st,  in  a  dense  bank  of  fog,  was  at  Frazier's  Farm  across 
the  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  the  corps,  after  driving  away  some  rebel 
cavalry  at  Charles  City  Crossroads,  camped  near  there  at  Nelson's  farm 
for  the  night.  Pickets  and  scouts  were  kept  well  out  toward  Richmond 
on  all  the  roads.  Meanwhile  the  trains  of  the  entire  army  moved  through 
the  swamp  on  the  main  road  nearest  the  Chickahominy,  while  most  of  the 
troops  marched  along  the  old  and  more  exposed  road  starting  near  Savage 
vStation,  which  road  was  cleared  of  fallen  trees  and  other  obstructions  by 
Keyes'  men  as  they  advanced.  The  weather  was  stifling  and  for  most  of 
the  way  the  column  moved  through  a  cloud  of  dust.  The  roar  of  battle 
was  constantly  heard  in  the  rear,  with  occasionally  explosions  of  large 
quantities  of  ammunition,  which  could  not  be  moved  from  Savage  Station. 
The  trains  were  in  motion  all  night,  and  when  some  teams  stopped  to 
feed,  others  were  pressed  forward,  going  two  to  three  abreast  when  space 
permitted. 

During  the  night  of  the  29th,  Keyes'  corps,  on.  being  relieved  at  Glen- 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  35 

dale  by  Porter's,  moved  toward  the  James  River  at  Haxall's  Landing, 
arriving  on  the  30th,  in  the  morning.  The  sight  of  this  majestic  river  to 
the  weary  dust-covered  soldiers,  emerging  from  a  dreary  hot  swamp, 
was  enchanting;  many  rushed  into  the  sparkling  water  to  refresh  themselves 
and  make  sure  they  were  not  the  victims  of  a  delusive  mirage. 

In  a  short  time,  on  the  arrival  of  other  troops,  Keyes'  corps  moved 
out  toward  Malvern  Hill  and  occupied  the  space  between  the  James  River 
at  Turkey  Bend  on  the  left  and  Malvern  Hill  on  the  right.  This  was  the 
left  of  the  Union  line  at  the  battle  of  Glendale,  the  right  being  at  Frazier's 
Farm  at  the  crossing  of  the  White  Oak  Swamp.  The  line  was  a  large  arc 
of  a  circle,  with  the  convexity  toward  Richmond.  The  rebel  general 
Jackson  had  followed  the  Union  army  through  White  Oak  Swamp,  but 
his  attack  on  Gen.  Franklin's  corps  at  that  point  was  easily  repulsed. 
Meantime  Longstreet  and  Hill  came  down  the  Charles  City,  the  Central 
and  the  Newmarket  roads,  and  attacked  at  Glendale  and  farther  over  to 
ward  the  James.  The  struggle  was  fierce,  lasting  until  after  dark,  but  the 
rebels  were  repulsed  at  all  points  and  by  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 
the  last  wagons  of  the  long  train  had  reached  Malvern  Hill.  That  night 
the  Union  army  moved  back  to  Malvern  Hill  and  got  ready  for  the  closing 
encounter  of  the  Seven  Days'  battles.  This  bloody  conflict  of  June  30th 
1862,  has  many  names  because  of  the  different  places  on  the  field  where 
combats  occurred,  as  Frazier's  Farm,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Charles  City 
Crossroads,  Nelson's  Farm  and  Glendale,  the  latter  being  the  more  com 
prehensive  and  appropriate  designation  for  the  engagement. 

Before  daybreak  on  July  1st,  the  Union  army  was  concentrated 
around  the  approaches  to  Malvern  Hill  in  a  defensive  position,  admirably 
adapted  for  the  use  of  artillery.  This  hill  was  two  miles  long  and  a  mile 
wide.  The  army  was  formed  as  follows:  at  the  extreme  left  Porter's 
corps  guarded  the  direct  approaches  from  Richmond  to  Haxall's  Land 
ing;  Couch's  division,  including  the  61st,  came  next,  having  been  detached 
from  the  4th  Corps.  This  division  was  deployed  midway  between  the 
summit  of  Malvern  Hill  and  the  woods  bordering  its  base,  the  right  resting 
upon  a  deep  wooded  ravine  separating  the  Union  left  from  the  center. 
Over  the  ravine,  farther  to  the  right,  was  Heintzelman's  corps,  which 
extended  across  the  Quaker  Road;  then  farther  toward  the  right  was 
Sumner's  corps,  with  Franklin  on  its  right,  and  Keyes  with  the  other  two 
divisions  held  the  extreme  right.  More  than  sixty  pieces  of  artillery 
were  placed  on  the  line  held  by  Porter  and  Couch,  with  ten  siege  guns  at 
the  Crewe  House  commanding  a  large  portion  of  the  battlefield,  other 
guns  being  in  good  positions  on  the  line.  The  artillery  was  commanded 
by  Col.  Henry  J.  Hunt,  an  officer  of  great  merit,  as  subsequently  demon 
strated  on  many  a  battlefield.  The  Army  of  the  Potomac,  fully  con 
centrated,  was  to  fight  its  first  battle  with  all  the  corps  present.  Its  line, 
in  a  half  circle,  stretched  from  Turkey  Bridge  over  Western  Run  on  the 
left  above  Malvern  Hill,  around  to  Haxall's  Landing  below,  each  flank 


36  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

covering  the  approaches  to  the  James  River.  The  navy  was  represented 
in  the  river  behind  the  battle  line,  and  the  gunboat  Galena  was  used  by 
Gen.  McClellan  for  a  reconnaissance  during  part  of  the  day.  The  vessels 
took  position  so  as  to  support  the  field  artillery,  and  several  took  part  by 
throwing  hundred-pound  shells  into  the  rebel  position,  causing  conster 
nation  by  the  terrific  explosions. 

The  rebel  army  was  also  concentrated  and  Jefferson  Davis  came 
down  from  Richmond  to  see  the  Union  army  crushed,  remaining  through 
out  the  conflict.  At  break  of  day  Jackson  crossed  the  White  Oak  Swamp 
bridge,  the  scene  of  his  unsuccessful  battle  of  the  day  before,  passed  over 
the  battlefield  of  Glendale  and  reached  Malvern  Hill  on  the  Turkey 
road.  Magruder  and  Huger  proceeded  against  the  Union  left,  while  Hill 
and  Longstreet  were  in  easy  supporting  distance. 

Little  fighting,  except  with  artillery,  occurred  until  the  afternoon, 
when  the  rebels  attacked  the  right  of  Couch's  division,  seeking  to  break 
the  Union  line  at  the  wooded  ravine.  This  attack  was  repulsed  with 
heavy  loss  to  the  rebels,  and  Couch  advanced  part  of  his  line  nearly  half 
a  mile.  The  61st,  near  the  Crewe  House,  supporting  Griffin's  batteries, 
was  under  heavy  artillery  fire  in  the  forenoon,  a  shell  killing  one  man 
and  wounding  two.  Later  the  regiment  took  position  in  the  rear  of  the 
Union  batteries,  in  a  road,  slightly  sunken,  which  afforded  some  pro 
tection.  Still  later  in  the  afternoon  the  regiment,  with  other  troops, 
advanced  down  the  ravine  on  its  right,  waded  through  a  marshy  bog  and 
crept  into  position  on  the  flank  of  the  rebels  as  they  came  forward  against 
the  Union  batteries.  The  rebels,  taken  by  surprise,  were  thrown  into 
confusion  and  suffered  fearful  carnage  before  they  could  get  back  out  of 
range.  The  61st  then  went  back  near  the  Crewe  House  in  advance  of 
the  Union  batteries,  to  keep  down  rebel  sharpshooters.  The  men  lay 
flat  on  the  ground  while  the  artillery  fired  over  them  at  the  rebels  beyond. 
At  times  the  batteries  ceased  and  the  regiment  rose  and  fired,  frequently 
advancing  to  dislodge  bold  rebels  seeking  to  pick  off  the  Union  gunners. 

It  was  at  this  point,  according  to  a  rebel  account,  that  their  men 
were  most  reluctant  to  advance  on  the  Union  position.  A  rebel  colonel, 
urging  his  men  forward  toward  evening,  after  several  bloody  repulses, 
shouted,  "Come  on,  come  on,  my  men!  Do  you  want  to  live  forever?" 
In  this  position  the  61st  remained  until  the  field  was  cleared  of  the  enemy 
and  the  regiment  was  out  of  ammunition,  having  fired  sixty  rounds. 

Bearing  in  mind  that  the  61st  was  in  Abercrombie's  brigade,  Couch's 
division  defending  the  main  position  held  by  Griffin's  batteries  near  the 
Crewe  House,  with  a  magnificent  view  for  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in 
front,  one  can  understand  the  part  taken  by  the  men  from  Pittsburg, 
Philadelphia,  Indiana  and  Luzerne  counties  in  the  closing  four  hours  of 
this  great  battle.  Gen.  Couch,  in  his  official  report  of  the  battle  says: 

The  enemy  were  now  massing  large  columns  on  our  front.     At 
4:30  P.  M.,  after  an  incessant  cannonade,  they  boldly  pushed  forward  a 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  37 

large  column  from  their  right  in  the  open  field  to  carry  Griffin's  position. 
The  fire  of  the  three  batteries  was  concentrated  upon  them.  Kingsbury's 
battery  having  been  withdrawn  for  ammunition,  was  relieved  by  three 
guns  of  Battery  C  Rhode  Island  artillery,  and  two  guns,  Allen's  5th 
Massachusetts,  under  Capt.  Weeden.  The  attacking  column  kept  on, 
continually  reinforced,  until  within  range  of  Griffin's  rifles,  when  it  stopped 
and  formed  line.  From  this  time  until  8  P.  M.,  there  was  enacted  one  of 
the  sublimest  sights  ever  presented  in  war,  resulting  in  a  glorious  victory 
to  our  arms. 

"But  the  action  now  being  general,  I  assumed  command  of  the  whole 
line  for  the  time,  ordered  up  the  reserves  on  the  left,  placed  in  position 
regiments  falling  back,  and  halted  those  bravely  moving  forward,  many 
of  the  regiments  having  already  masked  the  fire  of  our  artillery.  Upon 
seeing  the  rebels  advance  on  the  left,  Abercrombie  and  Palmer  pushed 
forward  their  brigades  in  front  of  the  artillery,  in  order  to  drive  back  the 
foe.  The  enemy  continually  reinforced  their  column  of  attack,  besides 
advancing  heavy  reserves  in  support.  Abercrombie  and  Palmer  became 
engaged  to  the  left  and  right.  Gen.  Colwell,  of  Richardson's  division, 
having  been  sent  to  my  support  by  Gen.  Sumner,  now  went  into  action, 
joining  my  brave  division  fiercely  engaged.  The  enemy  were  making 
desperate  efforts  to  drive  in  my  right.  Gen.  Heintzelman  sent  me  Seeley's 
battery,  which,  under  De  Russy,  chief  of  his  artillery,  and  with  the  advice 
of  Gen.  Howe,  was  established  on  the  ground  held  by  this  latter  officer. 
It  did  its  duty  well. 

"Gen.  Porter  came  upon  the  ground  about  6  P.  M. ;  later  Gen.  Sickles, 
of  Hooker's  division,  reported  to  me  with  three  regiments,  leading  his 
men  directly  into  action,  relieving  some  of  my  division  whose  ammunition 
was  exhausted.  At  about  7  P.  M.,  Gen.  Meagher,  with  his  brigade,  re 
ported  to  me  from  Sumner,  and  was  pushed  to  the  left  of  Griffin's  battery. 
Night  closed  upon  us  still  fighting,  the  opposing  forces  only  known  by  their 
lines  of  fire,  that  of  the  rebels  gradually  slackening  until  8:30  P.  M., 
after  which  an  occasional  cannon  shot  from  our  batteries  only  broke  the 
stillness  that  pervaded  this  bloody  field.  Thus  ended  the  Battle  of  Mal- 
vern  Hill,  which  caused  great  carnage  and  demoralization  among  the 
best  divisions  of  the  enemy,  with  comparatively  small  loss  on  our  side. 
General,  Abercrombie  and  Palmer  formed  a  line  with  their  brigades  that 
not  a  private  retreated  from." 

Gen.  Abercrombie,  referring  to  his  brigade  at  Malvern  Hill  and 
mentioning  the  61st,  says,  "  All  acquitted  themselves  in  a  highly  com 
mendable  manner."  He  says  his  brigade  was  "under  fire  from  early 
morning  until  dark."  The  burden  of  this  battle  fell  on  Porter's  corps 
and  Couch's  division  on  the  Union  left.  The  rebels  assailed  this  position 
three  different  times  advancing  with  great  resolution  and  persisting  until 
cut  to  pieces  by  our  artillery  and  infantry  fire.  Finally,  after  dark,  the 


38  SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 

battle  ceased  along  the  entire  line,  the  rebels  having  failed  at  every  point 
to  break  through  the  Union  lines. 

From  the  position  of  the  61st,  in  advance  of  the  batteries,  the  rebels 
could  be  seen  plainly  as  they  came  forward,  facing  the  smashing  dis 
charges  of  the  Union  guns,  urged  on  by  the  officers  until  the  Union  infantry 
began  to  fire,  when  the  lines  wavered  and  broke.  The  Count  of  Paris, 
in  describing  the  latter  part  of  this  battle,  in  which  the1 61st  took  part, 
says: 

"More  than  once  the  Federal  lines  have  seemed  on  the  point  of  being 
charged  and  broken,  so  great  is  the  impetuosity  of  the  assailants,  but  .at 
the  last  moment  the  latter  are  always  checked  and  compelled  to  rede- 
scend  those  fatal  slopes  already  covered  with  the  dead  bodies  of  their 
comrades.  The  last  rays  of  the  setting  sun,  gilding  the  tree- tops  and  the 
smoking  heights  of  Malvern,  light  up  this  bloody  scene.  In  the  center 
D.  H.  Hill  has  given  up  the  contest,  but  Magruder,  loath  to  resign  himself 
to  this  cruel  reverse,  persists  in  continuing  the  fight.  It  is  only  toward 
nine  o'clock  that  the  booming  of  cannon  gradually  dies  away  along  the 
entire  line,  and  the  silence  of  the  night  succeeds  at  last,  unbroken,  to  the 
noise  of  battle." 

Referring  to  the  hardships  of  the  Seven  Days'  Battle,  the  same 
author  says: 

"All  the  farmhouses,  all  the  huts,  were  converted  into  hospitals  where 
the  victims  of  the  battles  of  Savage  Station,  Frazier's  Farm  and  Glen- 
dale  were  huddled.  There  was  scarcely  a  sufficient  number  of  surgeons 
to  attend  to  their  most  pressing  wants,  and  most  of  the  wounded  felt  the 
painful  certainty  of  being  left  at  night  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  The 
stifling  heat  of  a  Virginia  summer,  the  want  of  sleep,  the  long  marches, 
the  combats  incessantly  renewed,  the  excitement  and  the  anxiety  of  every 
description  triumphed  over  the  most  robust  constitutions  and  prostrated 
those  whom  the  terrible  swamp  fever  had  yet  spared." 

The  loss  of  the  61st  at  what  Gen.  Couch  called  our  glorious  victory 
of  Malvern  Hill,  was  two  officers  wounded,  four  men  killed  and  fifteen 
wounded;  total,  twenty-one.  The  total  loss  of  the  Union  army  in  the 
Seven  Days'  battles,  as  officially  given,  was  15,249,  of  whom  1,582  were 
killed,  7,700  wounded  and  5,958  missing.  To  this  number  should  be 
added  at  least  6,000  sick  or  lame  who  had  gone  to  the  hospital  in  con 
sequence  of  the  excessive  fatigues  of  the  preceding  seven  days.  The 
rebel  loss  was  20,000  in  the  various  actions,  to  which  at  least  5,000  should 
be  added  for  those  rendered  unfit  for  duty  by  the  same  causes  that  affected 
the  Union  army.  The  rebel  army  was  therefore  reduced  by  25,000  men. 

Volumes  have  been  written  about  the  Seven  Days'  battles,  in  which 
the  generalship  of  the  Union  and  Confederate  commanders  has  been 
discussed,  as  well  as  all  the  facts  of  each  engagement.  Details  cannot 
be  examined  here,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  the  soldiers  in  both  armies  acquitted 
themselves  with  the  greatest  credit.  The  Union  army  had  the  most 


PENNSYLVANIA   VOLUNTEERS  39 

discouraging  experience  as  it  moved  back  after  every  battle,  leaving  the 
field  to  the  enemy,  with  many  wounded  as  prisoners,  including  in  the 
aggregate  50  pieces  of  artillery  and  other  trophies  of  victory.  But  the 
rebel  army  was  in  worse  condition  than  the  Union.  Magruder's  corps 
was  almost  destroyed,  those  of  D.  H.  Hill  and  Huger  had  suffered  cruelly, 
while  those  of  Longstreet  and  A.  P.  Hill  had  not  yet  recovered  from  the 
effects  of  the  Battle  of  Glendale,  where  they  were  so  roughly  handled. 
After  Malvern  Hill  both  armies  retired,  the  Union  because  that  was  a 
part  of  its  plan  before  the  battle,  and  the  rebel  because  it  was  utterly 
exhausted  and  must  travel  towards  Richmond  to  meet  its  much  needed 
supplies. 

The  61st  left  Malvern  Hill  battlefield  at  2  A.  M.,  July  2d,  arriving  at 
Harrison's  Landing  in  a  state  of  complete  exhaustion.  The  drenching 
rain,  while  it  laid  the  dust,  increased  the  difficulty  of  marching  in  the  mud 
with  wet  clothing.  A  ration  of  whiskey  was  that  morning  issued,  and  its 
stimulation  had  a  good  effect  on  tired  soldiers  who  had  but  little  rest 
during  the  preceding  week. 

Six  days  after  the  Battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  a  steamer  from  Fortress 
Monroe  landed  a  passenger  at  Harrison's  Landing  whose  dress,  as  simple 
as  his  manner,  did  not  at  first  attract  attention,  but  in  whom  the  army 
soon  recognized  President  Lincoln.  He  had  come,  he  said,  to  see  the 
boys  and  consult  with  Gen.  McClellan.  The  grave  situation  then  existing 
incident  to  the  withdrawal  of  the  Union  army,  and  the  peril  to  which 
Washington  would  soon  be  exposed,  filled  the  great  Executive  with  appre 
hension.  The  President  then  found  an  army  of  80,000  men  in  good 
condition  with  confidence  in  the  commander-in-chief  undiminished  by  the 
hard  experiences  of  the  Seven  Days'  battles. 

Soon  after  settling  in  camp  at  Harrison's  Landing,  some  companies 
of  the  61st  held  an  election  to  fill  vacancies  created  by  deaths  and  resig 
nations  up  to  that  time.  In  Company  A,  1st  Sergeant  F.  M.  Brown  was 
elected  1st  Lieut.,  to  take  the  place  of  1st  Lieut.  Pollock,  killed  at  Fair 
Oaks;  and  Corporal  Isaac  N.  Price  was  elected  2nd  Lieut.,  to  take  the  place 
of  Lieut.  Brady,  resigned.  Brown  and  Price  made  excellent  officers,  and 
both  died  from  hostile  bullets,  the  former  in  the  Wilderness,  May  6th, 
1864,  and  the  latter  at  Charlestown,  Aug.  21st,  1864.  Price  was  not  only 
a  good  officer,  but  he  was  a  most  fearless  and  aggressive  fighter,  the  kind 
of  person  Gen.  Sheridan  would  have  delighted  to  honor. 

At  Harrison's  Landing,  a  plantation  formerly  owned  by  President 
Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  the  61st  had  a  pleasant  camp  on  the  Union  left  in 
a  wooded  region,  after  great  hardships  on  the  night  of  July  1st  moving 
down  from  Malvern  Hill.  The  regiment  aided  in  building  forts,  cutting 
trees  and  constructing  the  various  defenses  which  General  McClellan  con 
sidered  necessary  to  protect  the  army  from  any  sudden  attack  of  the 
enemy.  The  regiment  participated  in  picket  duty  and  in  a  reconnaissance 
back  to  Malvern  Hill  battlefield.  Fresh  clothing  was  furnished  the 


40  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

soldiers.  They  were  paid,  and  soon  recovered  from  the  ill  effects  of  the 
Chickahominy  and  the  last  taxing  campaign,  and  Companies  C  and  I, 
by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  returned  to  their  former  organization 
in  the  regiment. 

By  Aug.  10th  it  was  understood  the  army  was  to  move  in  co-operation 
with  troops  then  defending  Washington  under  the  redoubtable  Gen. 
John  Pope,  whose  headquarters,  according  to  his  general  order  assuming 
command,  were  always  in  the  saddle.  On  the  llth  of  August  the  knap 
sacks  of  the  61st  were  put  on  board  a  transport,  whose  destination  was 
not  announced.  The  regiment  waited  in  hourly  expectation  of  orders 
until  the  16th,  when  the  march  began  toward  the  Chickahominy  at  Bar- 
nett's  Ferry,  where  the  broad  stream  was  crossed  on  a  pontoon  bridge 
about  one  thousand  feet  long.  The  route  took  the  regiment  by  Charles 
City  court  house  down  to  Williamsburg  and  then  over  to  Yorktown  on 
the  road  used  by  the  army  in  May  in  its  hopeful  advance  on  Richmond. 
On  Aug.  17th  the  regiment  marched  25  miles;  the  other  marches  were 
easy  and  Yorktown  was  reached  on  the  20th,  and  on  the  24th  the  knap 
sacks  were  received,  having  been  sent  down  the  James  and  up  the  York. 
The  regiment  remained  at  Yorktown  a  week  camped,  part  of  the  time, 
near  the  old  earth -works  made  by  Cornwallis  in  his  fruitless  effort  to 
defend  his  army  against  Washington.  This  was  a  pleasant  week,  aside 
from  the  general  apprehension  then  in  the  air  concerning  the  national 
situation.  Oyster,  lobster  and  clam  fishing  brought  diversion  and  a 
welcome  change  of  diet,  but  not  without  certain  disagreeable  incidents  to 
those  who  went  in  bathing  and  came  out  with  a  general  odor  of  discarded 
naval  stores,  their  bodies  covered  with  a  coat  of  tar,  made  doubly  sticky 
and  relentless  by  long  immersion  in  salt  water.  At  this  time  many  of  the 
men  wounded  and  temporarily  disabled  at  Fair  Oaks  and  in  other  engage 
ments,  returned,  resuming  their  duties,  others  having  joined  the  regi 
ment  at  Harrison's  Landing.  On  Thursday,  Aug.  28th,  the  61st  boarded 
the  bark  Metropolis,  in  tow  of  the  steamer  City  of  Richmond,  bound  for 
Washington,  as  then  understood.  On  the  29th,  in  a  severe  gale  in  the 
Chesapeake  Bay,  the  steamer  let  go  of  the  barge  to  avoid  being  rammed, 
hitching  on  later  after  the  regiment  had  experienced  a  good  shaking  up 
on  a  powerless  vessel.  Aug.  30th,  off  Occoquan  Creek,  orders  came  to 
proceed  to  Alexandria  and  disembark.  On  the  31st  the  regiment  marched 
from  Alexandria  toward  Fairfax  court  house,  occupying  the  night  on  the 
road,  then  encumbered  with  the  wreck  of  Pope's  defeated  army.  Sept 
1st  the  regiment  was  at  Fairfax  and  moved  to  Chantilly  in  the  afternoon 
to  meet  the  rebel  attack  at  that  point,  but  did  not  become  engaged,  as  the 
rebels  were  repulsed  before  the  61st  reached  the  front  line. 

The  61st  then,  on  Sept.  2d,  with  the  whole  of  Couch's  division,  moved 
back  toward  Alexandria,  acting  as  rear  guard  for  part  of  the  army.  At 
three  different  times  during  the  day  the  division  halted  and  formed  line 
of  battle,  but  the  rebels  did  not  attack,  their  desire  evidently  being  to 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  41 

cause  delay  in  order  to  favor  other  movements  then  in  progress.  Reach 
ing  Alexandria  Sept.  3d,  the  regiment  immediately  embarked  on  the 
steamer  Kingston,  landing  in  Georgetown.  At  this  time  great  agitation 
existed  in  official  circles  in  Washington  and  throughout  the  northern 
states,  and  not  without  good  cause.  Gen.  McClellan,  in  his  Peninsula 
Campaign,  had  lost,  in  killed,  wounded,  missing  and  sick,  over  thirty 
thousand  men.  Gen.  Pope  had  lost  at  least  twenty  thousand,  to  say 
nothing  of  ten  thousand  at  Harper's  Ferry  soon  to  be  prisoners.  All 
these  losses  for  the  year  1862  to  be  added  to  the  Bull  Run  and  Balls  Bluff 
disasters  of  1861,  were  enough  to  daunt  the  stoutest  hearts,  but  the  worst 
feature  was  the  lack  of  confidence  in  the  Union  generals  in  command  of 
the  unsuccessful  armies.  The  President  was  in  doubt  as  to  what  he  ought 
to  do  in  an  emergency  demanding  prompt  decision  and  swift  execution. 
Finding  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  still  had  faith  in  Gen.  McClellan,  that 
officer  was  entrusted  with  command  of  the  forces  to  resist  the  first  great 
invasion  of  the  north,  and  the  veterans  of  the  Peninsula  are  to  grapple 
for  supremacy  on  the  soil  of  Maryland  with  the  victorious  columns  of 
Lee,  Jackson  and  Longstreet,  each  army  having  the  same  commander-in- 
chief  under  whom  it  struggled  in  the  fierce  encounters  at  the  gates  of 
Richmond. 

On  Sept.  5th,  the  61st  moved  through  Tenallytown  towards  Pooles- 
ville,  Md.,  camping  Sept.  6th  nearly  opposite  Great  Falls  on  the  Potomac. 
In  this  neighborhood  the  regiment  remained  with  another  regiment,  two 
pieces  of  artillery  and  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  guarding  the  Potomac  cross 
ings,  doing  picket  and  provost  duty,  until  the  morning  of  Sept.  14th, 
when  it  marched  with  the  division  through  Rockville  over  Sugar  Loaf 
Mountain  through  Jefferson  and  Burkittsville,  passing  over  the  South 
Mountain  battlefield  and  reaching  the  bloody  field  of  Antietam  on  Sept. 
17th. 

On  the  morning  of  the  18th  the  61st,  with  Gen.  John  Cochrane's 
brigade  of  Couch's  division,  crossing  the  Antietam  Creek  on  the  Sharps- 
burg  turnpike  bridge,  went  into  the  front  line  in  the  field  opposite  the 
Little  Bunker  Church  to  the  left  of  Slocum's  division,  the  line  running 
parallel  with  the  Hagerstown  turnpike,  about  200  yards  northwest  of  the 
sunken  road  afterwards  called  the  "Bloody  Lane."  In  this  position, 
which  had  been  fiercely  contested  the  day  before,  the  ground  still  strewn 
with  the  killed  of  both  armies,  the  61st  remained  all  day  and  the  follow 
ing  night,  suffering  from  rebel  sharpshooters  concealed  in  trees  behind 
the  church.  Aside  from  the  picket  fire,  which  the  regiment  could  not 
effectively  return,  not  being  able  to  locate  the  enemy,  the  61st  was  not 
molested.  The  regiment  lost  one  man  killed,  one  officer  and  four  men 
wounded;  total,  six.  The  Union  loss  at  Antietam  was  2,010  killed,  9,416 
wounded,  1,043  missing;  total,  12,469.  Of  the  wounded,  2,661  must  have 
died  on  the  field  after  the  battle,  as  the  interments  in  the  National  Ceme 
tery  at  Antietam  number  4,671. 


42  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Referring  to  Cochrane's  brigade,  including  the  61st,  Gen.  Franklin, 
commanding  the  left  wing,  in  his  official  report  of  the  battle  says:  ".In 
this  position,  suffering  severe  cannonading  at  intervals,  which  they  bore 
like  the  veterans  they  are,  remaining  until  daylight  Sept.  19th,  when  an 
advance  was  made  showing  the  enemy  had  retreated."  The  regiment  at 
Antietam  was  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col.  F.  Vallee  of  the  82d  Pa.  Vols. 
Col.  Geo.  C.  Spear  joined  the  command  near  Williamsport  about  Sept. 
22nd,  having  been  exchanged  as  a  prisoner,  wounded  and  taken  at  Fair 
Oaks. 

In  the  Antietam  campaign,  Gen.  Couch's  division,  having  been  detach 
ed  from  the  4th  Corps,  formed  a  part  of  the  left  wing  under  Gen.  Franklin; 
Gen.  John  Cochrane,  succeeding  Gen.  Abercrombie,  commanded  the 
brigade,  which  included  the  61st.  On  Sept.  26th,  1862,  Couch's  division 
was  assigned  to  the  6th  Corps,  and  from  that  time  until  the  war  ended 
formed  a  part  of  that  famous  organization,  first  as  the  3rd  division,  then 
the  Light  division,  and  later  the  2d  division,  remaining  in  the  latter 
division  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  June  28th,  1865. 

In  front  of  the  61st  at  Antietam,  across  the  road  from  the  Bunker 
Church,  there  was  a  rebel  soldier  in  the  act  of  climbing  over  the  stone 
fence,  toward  the  Union  line;  his  gun  firmly  held  in  the  left  hand  toward 
the  muzzle,  the  butt  resting  on  the  ground,  steadying  him,  his  right  leg 
thrown  over  the  fence,  his  right  hand  resting  on  top  of  the  fence,  his  head 
erect  and  his  whole  appearance  indicating  alertness.  Seeing  this  bold 
advance,  several  shots  were  fired  by  members  of  the  61st,  but  the  rebel 
held  to  the  same  position,  and  after  the  battle  it  was  found  that  the  man 
was  dead,  having  been  instantly  killed  on  the  17th,  when  the  great  struggle 
occurred  for  that  position.  A  short  distance  in  the  rear  of  the  61st,  a 
Union  soldier,  killed  at  that  place,  lay  on  his  back,  his  gun  held  in  his  left 
hand,  the  butt  between  his  feet,  the  ramrod  in  his  right  hand,  the  end  of 
it  near  the  muzzle  of  his  gun  to  force  down  a  cartridge  he  had  pushed  into 
the  bore.  These  were  instances  of  ri^or  mojtis,  where  death  occurred 
instantly,  the  victims  becoming  rigid  and  retaining  the  exact  position  they 
were  in  when  hit. 

On  Sept.  19th,  in  the  morning,  the  61st,  with  the  brigade,  advanced 
through  Sharpsburg  nearly  to  the  Potomac,  finding  the  rebels  had  dis 
appeared  across  the  river,  leaving  the  severely  wounded  behind  with  dis 
abled  guns  and  other  material.  As  the  regiment  moved  forward  over  the 
battlefield,  the  historic  Bloody  Lane,  silent  and  ghastly,  was  observed  on 
its  left  with  the  sunken  road  still  filled  with  the  dead  bodies  of  its  defenders. 
All  the  houses  in  and  about  Sharpsburg  were  rebel  hospitals,  where  the 
wounded  were  soon  to  receive  kind  treatment  from  Union  surgeons  and 
from  volunteer  doctors  and  nurses  from  the  north,  whose  generous  sym 
pathy  brought  them  to  the  field  of  carnage. 

The  next  day,  Sept.  20th,  the  61st  marched  to  Williamsport,  Md., 
dispersing  the  rebel  cavalry  at  that  place  and  sustaining  a  loss  of  two 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  43 

killed  and  seven  wounded.  On  the  23rd,  the  regiment  moved  to  Downs- 
ville,  Md.,  where  it  remained  until  Oct.  18th.  The  same  day,  Sept.  23d, 
information  came  to  the  army  that  President  Lincoln,  the  day  before, 
had  issued  the  now  famous  Emancipation  Proclamation  freeing  the  slaves 
in  rebellious  territory  January  1st,  1863,  under  certain  conditions.  On 
Oct.  3d  President  Lincoln  visited  the  army  and  reviewed  some  of  the 
boys,  as  he  affectionately  called  the  soldiers.  While  at  Downsville  the 
61st  received  supplies  of  clothing,  of  which  the  men  stood  very  much  in 
need,  especially  the  new  shoes,  after  200  miles  of  hard  marching.  In  the 
list  of  articles  supplied  for  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  that  time,  the 
following  appears:  33,840  pairs  of  boots,  61,000  pairs  of  shoes,  and 
97,700  pairs  of  drawers. 

On  Oct.  18th,  1862,  the  regiment,  with  the  6th  Corps,  moved  up  the 
Potomac  to  Clear  Springs.  The  next  day,  in  order  to  head  off  the  rebel 
cavalry  raid  in  Pennsylvania,  the  regiment  marched  28  miles  to  Hancock, 
Md.,  returning  by  easy  marches,  it  reached  its  former  camp  at  Downsville 
on  Oct.  29th.  This  was  the  first  expedition  as  a  part  of  the  6th  Corps, 
whose  fortunes  and  fame  the  61st  was  to  share  until  the  war  ended. 

A  characteristic  incident  of  those  days  is  recalled.  While  on  the 
expedition  to  Hancock,  the  command  camped  one  dreary,  damp  evening, 
after  a  hard  march  in  a  farming  section,  where  no  firewood  was  available. 
Gen.  Couch,  riding  among  the  men,  who  had  stacked  arms  and  were  look 
ing  for  fuel  and  water,  said  gravely,  "Only  take  the  top  rail."  This  order, 
afterwards  familiar  as  an  army  joke,  was  then  new  to  the  6th  Corps  and 
was  highly  appreciated.  The  Maryland  fences  disappeared  as  by  magic 
the  soldiers  using  only  the  top  rail,  each  rail  being  the  top  one  after  the  one 
over  it  had  been  removed. 

At  daybreak,  Oct.  31st,  1862,  the  61st  left  Downsville  and  marched 
by  way  of  Keedysville,  Roherville,  South  Mountain,  Burkittsville  and 
Berlin,  crossing  the  Potomac  at  Lovettsville  near  Harper's  Ferry  on 
a  pontoon  bridge,  bivouacing  Nov.  3d  near  Wheatland,  Va. ;  thence 
through  Philamon,  Union  and  Upperville  to  White  Plains,  serving 
as  train  guard  Nov.  6th  and  7th,  the  latter  day  in  a  snow-storm,  camping 
on  the  8th  near  Thoroughfare  Gap.  Upon  the  9th  the  61st  moved  to  New 
Baltimore,  where  on  the  10th  Gen.  McClellan,  having  been  removed  on 
the  7th,  made  his  farewell  visit  to  the  various  corps  headquarters.  The 
removal  of  Gen.  McClellan  was  not  looked  upon  with  favor  in  the  army, 
where  he  was  still  regarded  with  affection  by  the  soldiers.  They  knew 
he  had  been  unsuccessful  or  at  least  disappointing  as  a  commander-in- 
chief,  but  they  believed  he  was  superior  to  any  officer  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  they  still  expected  great  things  of  him  in  the  near  future. 
Besides,  he  was  their  first  love,  their  "little  corporal,"  as  Bonaparte's 
soldiers  called  their  leader  after  the  Battle  of  Lodi  Bridge.  McClellan, 
as  the  soldiers  believed,  knew  all  about  military  science,  having  been  in 
the  Mexican  War,  achieving  distinction  as  a  young  lieutenant,  and  then 


44  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

he  was  sent  as  a  commissioner  to  the  Crimean  War  and  wrote  a  report 
about  that  famous  struggle  which  was  published  by  the  government  in 
book  form.  No  one  else,  they  thought,  had  so  many  elements  of  great 
ness,  and  his  early  renown  in  the  Civil  War  was  believed  to  rest  on  a  solid 
foundation,  as  shown  by  real  generalship  on  the  Peninsula  and  in  the 
Antietam  campaign. 

Still,  the  soldiers  were  loyal  and  their  opinions  and  impressions  did 
not  interefere  in  the  least  degree  with  their  fidelity  or  their  discipline. 
On  they  moved,  confident  and  imperturbed,  with  the  sound  of  battle  on 
their  right,  at  the  various  gaps  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  as  the  outposts  came  in 
contact,  toward  that  region  in  Virginia  where  the  mighty  conflicts  of  the 
war  were  yet  to  take  place  between  the  giants  on  both  sides  of  the  bloody 
struggle. 

By  an  order  originating  at  the  War  Department,  a  detail  was  made 
on  Nov.  8th,  1862,  from  the  61st,  consisting  of  Adjutant  W.  Gibson 
Miller,  and  Sergeants  Brewer  of  Company  A  and  Ryan  of  Company  H, 
to  proceed  to  Harrisburg  to  bring  recruits  for  the  regiment  to  the  front. 
This  detail  proceeded  by  rail  from  Warrenton  to  Washington,  arriving  in 
the  latter  city  a  few  hours  ahead  of  Gen.  McClellan,  who  was  proceeding 
to  Trenton,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordered  to  report.  He  was  greeted  every 
where  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm,  crowds  thronging  every  movement 
and  waiting  impatiently  his  arrival  at  each  station  where  a  glimpse  could 
be  obtained  of  the  famous  deposed  Union  general. 


COLONEL  GEORGE  C.  SPEER 

Killed  in  Charge  of  Marye's  Heights,  May  3rd,   1863 


CHAPTER  IV. 

FREDERICKSBURG. 

"It  would  be  too  much  to  say  that  there  are  no 
sadder  stories  in  military  history  than  that  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  but  its  story  is  sad  enough. 
It  fought  through  to  the  end,  it  did  its  work,  and 
gained  its  crown,  but  its  path  was  long  and  rough 
and  seldom  cheered,  and  one  of  its  saddest  and 
sharpest  experiences  was  its  brave,  hopeless  effort 
at  Fredericksburg." 

Gen.   F.   W.   Palfrey. 

The  same  order  which  relieved  Gen.  McClellan  appointed  Gen. 
Ambrose  E.  Burnside  his  successor.  Of  the  qualifications  of  this  officer 
for  such  a  command,  the  army  knew  nothing,  but  as  he  was  an  educated 
soldier  it  was  assumed  the  authorities  at  Washington  knew  what  they 
were  about.  At  all  events,  the  army  had  implicit  confidence  in  the  honesty 
and  patriotism  of  the  President  and  if  errors  occurred  they  were  charged 
to  his  advisers,  with  the  understanding  he  would  correct  a  mistake  when 
discovered,  regardless  of  politics  or  mere  personal  influence.  In  this 
spirit  the  whole  army  moved  forward. 

On  Nov.  16th,  1862,  the  61st  moved  by  Catletts  Station  to  Cedar 
Run.  The  17th  and  18th,  guarding  supply  trains,  the  regiment  moved  to 
Stafford  court  house,  where  it  remained  two  weeks.  On  Dec.  5th  the  61st 
advanced  to  Belle  Plains,  Va.,  crossing  the  Acquia  Creek  on  the  railroad 
bridge,  camping  for  the  night  in  a  severe  snowstorm,  which  continued  two 
days,  the  ground  freezing  hard  and  the  snow  drifting  before  a  strong  wind. 
That  night  it  was  hard  to  keep  warm  under  blankets  that  had  been  wet 
and  then  frozen  stiff,  except  the  part  in  contact  with  the  body. 

On  Dec.  9th,  1862,  the  61st,  with  other  troops,  were  ordered  to  pre 
pare  three  days'  cooked  rations  and  be  ready  to  move  the  next  day,  each 
soldier  having  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition.  On  the  1 1th  the  61st  moved 
to  the  Rappahannock  River  at  Franklin's  Crossing  below  Fredericksburg, 
and  the  day  following  crossed  the  river  on  a  pontoon  bridge,  advancing 
toward  the  Union  left  under  heavy  artillery  fire,  part  of  the  time  on  the 
open  plateau  without  shelter,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  afternoon  pro 
tected  by  a  ravine  near  the  river.  The  next  day,  Saturday,  Dec.  13th, 
the  sanguinary  and  discouraging  Battle  of  Fredericksburg  was  fought. 
The  rebel  line  of  battle,  in  a  semi-circle  11,500  feet  long,  commanded  the 
Rappahannock  River  above  and  below  the  town  of  Fredericksburg;  it 
occupied  the  crest  of  a  series  of  hills,  the  principal  of  which,  half  a  mile 


46  SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 

in  rear  of  the  town,  guarding  the  roads  leading  westerly  and  southerly, 
was  called  Marye's  Heights,  where,  behind  stone  walls,  in  rifle  pits  and 
sunken  ways,  the  rebel  infantry  was  well  protected  and  the  artillery  had 
embrasures  for  over  a  hundred  guns.  According  to  reliable  authority, 
the  enemy  had  on  an  average  six  men  for  every  yard  of  their  line,  being 
one-fifth  more  than  was  necessary  to  defend  such  a  position.  The  rebel 
force  numbered  78,000,  commanded  by  Gen.  Lee,  whose  principal  lieuten 
ants  present  were  Longstreet,  Jackson,  the  two  Hills,  the  two  Andersons, 
and  Gen.  Stuart,  with  nine  regiments  of  Virginia  cavalry.  The  Union 
army  present  numbered  113,000,  divided  into  three  grand  divisions  of 
two  corps  each,  under  Sumner  on  the  right,  Hooker  in  the  center,  and 
Franklin  on  the  left.  The  61st  was  in  Franklin's  grand  division,  Smith's 
6th  Corps,  Newton's  3d  Division,  Cochrane's  1st  Brigade,  which  latter 
consisted  of  the  23d,  61st  and  82d  Pa.,  65th,  67th  and  122d  N.  Y. 

The  6th  Corps  was  next  to  the  town  on  Franklin's  right,  the  1st  and 
2d  divisions  being  in  the  front  line  in  the  morning,  with  the  3d  division, 
Newton's,  in  the  second  line.  The  61st,  with  other  troops  of  the  brigade 
and  division,  during  the  day  moved  from  place  to  place  over  the  vast 
plain  between  the  river  and  the  enemy's  position,  subject  to  artillery  fire, 
sometimes  in  range  of  the  rebel  infantry,  but  taking  no  other  part  in  the 
battle  and  having  no  opportunity  to  assail  the  foe. 

Meantime  the  severe  fight  at  Marye's  Heights  could  be  heard,  and 
on  the  left  Pennsylvania  troops  under  Generals  Meade  and  Reynolds  had 
a  bloody  and  useless  engagement.  Toward  evening  the  61st  moved  into 
the  front  line  near  the  Union  left,  but  darkness  coming  on,  the  regiment 
was  not  seriously  engaged.  The  day  is  remembered  by  the  survivors  of 
the  61st  as  one  of  general  anxiety,  as  a  large  part  of  the  army  in  sight  was 
doing  nothing  except  trying  to  dodge  the  enemy's  shells  while  the  roar  of 
battle  was  nearly  continuous,  at  places,  to  the  right  and  left.  That 
evening  the  Union  Army  occupied  the  field  and  the  men  gradually  learned 
what  had  happened  during  the  day.  On  the  left,  in  hearing  and  sometimes 
in  sight,  a  hard  and  unsuccessful  battle  had  been  fought  by  about  one- 
third  of  the  Union  troops,  the  others  being  mere  spectators.  Isolated 
rebel  positions,  skillfully  fortified,  had  been  assailed  and  carried  at  great 
loss  and  later  abandoned  for  lack  of  support. 

The  61st  lost  2  killed,  3  wounded  and  one  captured;  total,  6  at  Freder- 
icksburg.  The  total  loss  of  the  army  was  1,180  killed,  9,029  wounded, 
2,145  missing;  total,  12,354.  A  large  proportion  of  the  wounded  lay 
two  days  on  the  field  without  any  attention.  The  rebel  loss  was  5,309. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  this  battle  was  that  the  right  and  center 
grand  divisions  sustained  a  loss  of  8,630  in  the  town  and  at  Marye's  Heights 
inflicting  loss  on  the  enemy  of  only  1,894,  while  the  left  grand  division 
sustained  loss  of  3,415.  This  illustrates  the  advantage  of  a  good  position 
like  Marye's  Heights,  protected  by  abatis  and  a  heavy  stone  wall, 
well  defended,  where  for  every  rebel  lost  the  Union  Army  sacrificed  more 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  47 

than  four  men.  On  the  left,  where  the  rebels  had  less  shelter  and  fought 
without  any,  part  of  the  time,  the  loss  on  both  sides  was  nearly  equal. 
On  Dec.  14th  and  15th  the  armies  faced  each  other,  the  61st  shifting 
position  several  times  under  fire,  but  without  loss,  and  on  Monday  night, 
Dec.  16th,  in  a  storm  of  wind  and  rain,  the  army  recrossed  the  river, 
returning  to  the  camps  occupied  before  the  battle,  about  two  miles  north 
of  Fredericksburg. 

Here  the  61st  remained  until  Jan.  20th,  when  it  moved  with  the 
army  on  the  "Mud  March,"  so-called,  in  which  Gen.  Burnside  sought  to 
surprise  the  enemy  and  cross  the  Rappahannock  River  near  Banks  or 
United  States  Ford.  James  M.  Walker,  of  Company  A,  in  his  diary 
describes  the  "Mud  March"  as  follows: 

"We  started  in  fair  weather,  but  had  not  proceeded  far  when  the 
rain  began  to  fall  in  torrents,  overflowing  beds  of  all  small  streams  and 
saturating  the  soil  until  it  became  under  our  feet  a  sort  of  tough  paste  in 
which  we  sank  from  three  to  nine  inches,  in  places  with  much  labor  per 
forming  each  step.  The  61st  deserves  credit  for  keeping  together  on  the 
march.  Company  A  had  no  stragglers  and  we  believe  very  few  in  the 
regiment.  On  the  21st  reached  the  vicinity  of  United  States  Ford  and 
stopped  in  a  thicket  of  small  pines.  Tried  to  dry  our  clothes  some  and 
cook  coffee  on  fires  made  of  green  pine  tops.  We  rested  on  the  23d  and 
then  began  the  backward  march  again,  verily  wading  back.  In  one  place 
crossed  a  slough  or  bed  of  small  stream  by  leaping  from  bank  to  the  body 
of  a  nearly  submerged  mule  and  from  that  by  another  leap  to  the  opposite 
bank.  This  was  so  slow  a  performance  that  part  of  the  boys  made  a 
detour  to  the  left  and  found  a  place  where  they  could  cross  on  some  sticks 
thrown  in  the  marsh." 

The  average  distance  travelled  was  not  over  twenty  miles.  The 
pontoon  and  supply  trains  wrere  nearly  all  stalled  on  the  21st.  On  the 
return,  during  the  afternoon  of  the  23d,  after  the  ravine  had  been  crossed 
with  a  dead  mule  for  a  pier,  some  newspaper  correspondents  rode  along 
the  line  among  the  troops  as  they  trudged  through  the  sticky  mud.  On 
seeing  these  valiant  knights  of  the  quill,  whose  papers  were  always  demand 
ing  an  immediate  advance,  a  soldier  sang  out, "Why  don't  the  army  move?" 
This  cry  was  at  once  taken  up  by  the  men,  who  fired  all  sorts  of  other 
questions  at  the  correspondents,  such  as,  "When  did  you  learn  to  be  a 
general?"  "Does  your  mother  know  you're  out?"  "What  do  you  get  apiece 
for  lies?"  and  many  other  pointed  queries  that  would  not  look  well  in 
print. 

Returning  to  camp  from  the  Mud  March,  January  24th,  the  61st 
remained  in  temporary  winter  quarters  until  Feb.  3d,  1863,  when  the 
Light  division  of  the  6th  Corps  was  formed,  including  the  61st  regiment, 
which  was  selected  as  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  trusty  regiments  avail 
able.  Then  the  regiment  moved  to  Belle  Plains  near  the  Landing,  where 


48  SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 

it  remained  for  the  winter,  on  the  side  of  a  hill  in  comfortable  huts,  eating 
"soft  bread"  made  at  a  new  bakery  built  by  the  men. 

The  formation  of  the  Light  division  was  an  experiment  which  had 
little  effect  except  as  a  distinct  honor  to  the  regiments  composing  it.  The 
idea  was  to  form  in  each  corps  a  division  of  experienced,  sturdy  men  who 
would  always  be  ready  to  move  instantly  with  a  battery  of  artillery, 
veteran  "minute  men"  constantly  supplied  with  a  hundred  rounds  of 
ammunition  and  eight  days'  rations.  It  was  understood  the  best  regi 
ments  were  selected  for  this  service  and  they  were  to  camp  in  such  places 
as  to  render  them  available  for  emergencies.  The  Light  division  of  the 
6th  Corps,  organized  Feb.  3d,  1863,  was  composed  as  follows:  61st  Pa., 
31st  and  43d  N.  Y.,  6th  Me.  and  5th  Wise.,  with  Harris'  Light  Battery, 
3d  N.  Y.  Artillery. 

The  next  day,  after  formation  of  the  Light  division,  Gen.  John  Sedg- 
wick  took  command  of  the  6th  Corps,  superseding  Gen.  Smith.  This  was 
an  important  event  for  the  new  commander,  who  was  to  lose  his  life  in 
fifteen  months  at  Spottsylvania  after  getting  distinction  as  an  able  officer 
and  associating  his  name  with  the  6th  Corps,  whose  great  fame,  in  part 
he  helped  to  achieve. 

In  camp  at  Belle  Plains,  Col.  Spear,  using  a  new  blank  on  parchment, 
issued  formal  appointments  to  all  the  non-commissioned  officers.  Some  of 
the  documents  are  still  preserved  by  the  men  as  mementos  of  an  interest 
ing  period.  These  non-commissioned  officers  were  subject  to  removal  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  colonel,  who  was  the  real  appointing  power. 

While  these  various  matters  were  transpiring  in  camp,  the  govern 
ment  at  Washington  was  profoundly  agitated  over  the  lack  of  success  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  On  Jan.  25 th,  1863,  by  direction  of  the  President, 
Gen.  Burnside  at  his  own  request  was  relieved  and  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker 
was  assigned  to  command  the  army.  On  the  next  day,  Jan.  26th,  Hooker 
issued  an  order  assuming  command,  and  the  same  day,  by  request,  visited 
the  President  in  Washington.  While  at  the  White  House  Hooker  received 
from  the  President  a  confidential  letter  remarkable  for  its  frankness  and 
most  important  as  a  historic  document  because  it  shows  from  the  highest 
source  the  state  of  mind  in  and  out  of  the  army  concerning  leaders  and 
military  affairs.  This  letter  will  help  the  reader  to  understand  that  the 
soldiers,  while  discharging  their  duties,  were  living  in  an  atmosphere  of 
doubt  and  uncertainty,  where  lack  of  confidence  in  officers  was  a  con 
spicuous  feature,  and  it  also  shows  some  reasons  for  the  affectionate  esteem 
in  which  the  President  was  then  held.  In  view  of  Hooker's  history  to 
that  time  and  what  occurred  in  the  next  ensuing  five  months,  the  letter 
shows  in  a  striking  way  how  hard  pressed  the  government  was  for  com 
manders  when  such  an  officer  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  largest  Union 
army.  The  letter  reads  as  follows: 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  49 

"Executive  Mansion,  Washington,  D.  C., 

Jan.  26th,  1863. 
"Major-General  Hooker: 

"I  have  placed  you  at  the  head  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Of 
course  I  have  done  this  upon  what  appears  to  me  to  be  sufficient  reasons, 
and  yet  think  it  best  for  you  to  know  that  there  are  some  things  in  regard 
to  which  I  am  not  quite  satisfied  with  you.  I  believe  you  to  be  a  brave 
and  skillful  soldier,  which,  of  course,  I  like.  I  also  believe  you  do  not 
mix  politics  with  your  profession,  in  which  you  are  right.  You  have 
confidence  in  yourself,  which  is  a  valuable,  if  not  indispensable,  quality. 
You  are  ambitious,  which  within  reasonable  bounds  does  good  rather  than 
harm.  But  I  think  that  during  Gen.  Burnside's  command  of  the  army 
you  have  taken  counsel  of  your  ambition  and  thwarted  him  as  much  as 
you  could,  in  which  you  did  a  great  wrong  to  the  country  and  to  a  most 
meritorious  and  honorable  brother  officer.  I  have  heard  in  such  a  way 
as  to  believe  it  of  your  recently  saying  that  both  the  army  and  the  govern 
ment  needed  a  dictator.  Of  course,  it  was  not  for  this,  but  in  spite  of  it, 
that  I  have  given  you  the  command.  Only  those  generals  who  gain  success 
can  set  up  dictators.  What  I  now  ask  of  you  is  military  success  and  I 
will  risk  the  dictatorship. 

"The  government  will  support  you  to  the  utmost  of  its  ability,  which 
is  neither  more  nor  less  than  it  has  done  and  will  do  for  all  commanders. 
I  much  fear  that  the  spirit  which  you  have  aided  to  infuse  into  the  army, 
criticizing  their  commander  and  withholding  confidence  from  him,  will 
now  turn  upon  you.  I  will  assist  you  as  far  as  I  can  to  put  it  down.  Neither 
you  nor  Napoleon,  if  he  were  alive,  again,  could  get  any  good  out  of  an 
army  while  such  a  spirit  prevailed  in  it,  and  now  'beware  of  rashness,' 
but  with  energy  and  sleepless  vigilance  go  forward  and  give  us  victories. 

"Yours  very  truly, 

"A.   Lincoln." 

The  troops  received  the  new  commander  with  hearty  satisfaction, 
believing  he  was  a  real  general,  capable  of  great  things,  and  they  liked 
the  changes  he  made  in  granting  more  furloughs  to  deserving  men  in 
winter  when  they  could  do  nothing;  also  the  better  system  regulating 
details  of  picket  duty  and  more  promptness  in  relation  to  rations. 
Toward  the  end  of  April,  1863,  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  reviewed  by 
President  Lincoln,  accompanied  by  Secretary  of  State  Seward.  The  day 
was  fine  and  the  army  made  a  splendid  appearance.  The  President, 
mounted  on  a  horse,  wearing  a  black  suit  and  silk  hat  well  pulled  down 
to  his  ears,  although  a  good  horseman,  presented  a  grotesque  appearance 
compared  to  Gen.  Hooker,  an  expert  rider,  in  a  major-general's  uniform. 
Sec.  Seward,  apparently  a  poor  rider,  was  a  caricature;  his  stirrups,  having 
no  toe  guards,  permitted  his  feet  to  extend  through  to  the  insteps,  and  his 
trousers,  not  being  held  down  by  the  usual  straps  around  the  foot,  were 
pulled  up  half-way  to  his  knees,  revealing  white  stockings.  The  Secretary 


50 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


of  State  seemed  in  constant  danger  of  falling  off,  especially  as  the  horse 
changed  his  gait  from  a  trot  to  a  canter  or  slowed  down  to  a  walk.  The 
President,  as  he  sat  on  his  horse  during  the  second  part  of  the  review  while 
the  troops  marched  by,  had  an  indescribably  sad  expression  and  his  eyes 
were  sunken  to  an  incredible  extent.  He  may  have  had  a  presentiment  of 
the  bloody  slaughter  to  occur  in  the  next  two  weeks,  as  he  fondly  gazed 
on  the  brave  men  moving  along  so  nobly  before  him.  Possibly  the  tragic 
end  of  his  own  career  within  two  years  was  mysteriously  oppressing  his 
buoyant  spirits. 

At  the  time  of  this  review  the  61st  was  in  fine  condition.  With 
recruited  ranks  and  a  full  complement  of  field  and  line  officers,  well 
clothed,  adequately  equipped  and  paid  up  to  the  preceding  month,  the 
regiment  was  prepared  for  the  service  soon  to  be  exacted.  The  entire 
army  shared  the  hopeful  feeling  of  the  61st.  The  dreary  experiences  on 
the  Peninsula,  the  disasters  of  the  Pope  campaign,  the  sanguinary  struggles 
at  Antietam,  the  unwelcome  retirement  of  McClellan,  the  terrible  losses 
at  Fredericksburg,  and  Burnside's  futile  Mud  March,  were  remembered 
only  as  so  many  severe  lessons  to  guide  Gen.  Hooker,  the  new  commander- 
in-chief,  while  planning  fresh  movements  to  suppress  rebellion  and  restore 
the  Union. 


CHAPTER  V. 

MARYE'S  HEIGHTS. 

"A  grander  spectacle  cannot  be  imagined. 
There  were  the  hills,  enough  to  fatigue  any  man 
to  climb  them  without  a  load  and  with  no  one  to 
oppose.  At  the  foot  of  the  hills  were  thousands  of 
the  enemy,  pouring  in  volleys  of  musketry,  and  on 
the  heights  were  their  lines  of  earthworks,  with 
artillery,  from  which  came  grape  and  canister  in  a 
frightful  storm.  But  the  boys  pushed  nobly,  stead 
ily  on,  the  rebels  steadily  retreating.  Thus  the 
heights  were  won.  It  was  a  glorious  day  for  the 
vSixth  Corps.  Never  was  a  charge  more  gallantly 
made." 

Storming  of  Mo  rye's  Heights. 
Stevens. 

In  April,  1863,  the  rebel  army,  under  Gen.  Lee,  occupied  Fred- 
ericksburg,  its  flanks  extending  from  Bank's  Ford  above  the  town  to 
Port  Royal  below,  commanding  all  the  crossings  between  the  two  points. 
The  Union  Army,  under  Gen.  Hooker,  was  posted  opposite  Fredericksburg 
among  the  Stafford  hills,  controlling  all  the  territory  between  the  Rappa- 
hannock  and  the  Potomac  rivers. 

Gen.  Hooker  planned  an  aggressive  campaign  having  three  main 
features.  Gen.  Stoneman,  with  ten  thousand  cavalry,  was  to 
move  in  rear  of  the  rebel  army,  cutting  communication  and  operat 
ing  against  the  source  of  rebel  supplies.  Gen.  Sedgwick,  with  the  6th 
Corps,  was  to  demonstrate  toward  the  Union  left  and  at  the  proper  time 
cross  the  river,  take  Fredericksburg  and  stand  ready  to  cooperate  with 
the  main  army,  which  was  to  concentrate  eight  miles  away  at  Chancel- 
lorsville.  To  carry  out  this  triple  plan,  Gen.  Hooker  had,  counting  the 
cavalry  and  the  artillery,  280  guns,  124,500  men,  divided  into  seven  corps, 
1st,  2d,  3d,  5th,  6th,  llth  and  12th,  the  commanders  in  the  order  named 
being  Reynolds,  Couch,  Sickles,  Meade,  Sedgwick,  Howard  and  Slocum, 
and  the  cavalry  under  Gen.  Stoneman.  The  grand  divisions  had  been 
abolished  in  February. 

On  April  28th,  1863,  the  campaign  opened  and  the  61st  left  its  winter 
quarters  and  moved  to  the  bluffs  overlooking  the  Rappahannock  River 
below  Fredericksburg,  at  the  point  called  Franklin's  Crossing,  where  the 
left  wing  crossed  in  December,  1862.  After  dark  the  regiment,  in  several 
detachments,  leaving  guns  and  equipment  behind  under  guard,  moved  to 


52  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

the  pontoon  train  nearby  and  carried  the  boats  half  a  mile  from  the  bluffs 
to  the  river,  quietly  depositing  them  in  the  water,  where  they  were  tem 
porarily  moored.  This  work  began  soon  after  dark  and  was  not  completed 
until  2  o'clock  the  next  morning.  The  service  was  taxing  on  the  physical 
resources,  to  say  nothing  of  the  loss  of  sleep.  Forty  men  were  assigned 
to  every  boat,  ten  on  each  side;  and  two  reliefs.  When  they  got  tired  they 
set  the  boat  down  and  changed  reliefs,  proceeding  noiselessly  so  as  not 
to  attract  the  vigilant  enemy  on  the  opposite  shore.  When  the  boats 
were  left  in  the  water,  the  61st,  after  getting  guns  and  equipment,  was 
allowed  some  hours  for  recuperation.  In  the  meantime,  as  day  dawned, 
twenty  of  the  boats,  manned  by  the  oarsmen  from  the  engineer  corps, 
were  used  to  ferry  over  a  thousand  infantry,  twenty  in  each  boat.  These 
brave  men  deployed  up  and  down  the  south  bank,  sweeping  away  all 
rebel  pickets  and  taking  possession  of  their  first  line  of  rifle  pits  near  the 
shore,  capturing  several  hundred  prisoners.  At  seven  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  in  a  fog  then  gradually  rising,  work  began  on  the  two  bridges; 
the  first  one  consisting  of  16  boats,  making  a  bridge  420  feet  long,  exclusive 
of  approaches,  was  completed  in  45  minutes.  The  infantry,  massed  in 
readiness,  crowded  on  and  began  moving  over,  while  the  pioneer  corps 
with  shovels  graded  the  approaches  for  the  artillery  and  trains.  An  hour 
and  a  half  was  taken  for  the  next  bridge,  fifty  feet  away,  there  being  more 
grading  and  less  need  for  quick  work.  The  boats,  eight  feet  wide,  twenty 
feet  long,  in  forming  the  bridges  were  placed  side  by  side,  26  feet  from 
center  to  center.  Across  the  boats  were  placed  lines  of  3  x  8  stringers, 
about  three  feet  apart,  extending  the  entire  length  of  the  bridge,  and 
across  the  stringers  the  bridge  floor  was  laid,  of  two-inch  plank,  each  12 
inches  wide  and  12  feet  long.  Over  the  floor,  near  the  end  of  the  plank, 
two  other  lines  of  stringers  were  placed  as  a  guard,  leaving  a  space  about 
10  feet  wide  in  the  center  for  the  passage  of  men  and  vehicles. 

Some  conception  can  be  gained  of  the  rapidity  of  this  bridge  work 
by  considering  what  had  to  be  done  to  form  one  bridge.  The  16  boats 
were  floated  in  position  and  held,  the  2,000  feet  of  stringers  placed,  the  420 
plank  laid,  the  top  840  feet  of  stringers  arranged  and  fastened.  All  this 
moving  of  boats  and  handling  of  a  thousand  pieces  of  material  proceeded 
systematically,  so  that  the  bridge  was  completed  as  fast  as  the  boats  were 
floated  into  place,  and  when  the  last  one  reached  its  position  the  infantry 
already  moving  as  the  work  progressed,  began  jumping  ashore  and  climb 
ing  up  the  bank  to  pursue  the  enemy  retreating  across  the  meadows 
before  the  crashing  discharges  from  a  battery  of  30  Union  guns  on  the 
bluffs,  firing  over  the  heads  of  the  bridge  builders.  These  pontoon  boats 
were  made  of  wood,  others  were  composed  in  part  of  canvas.  During  this 
Chancellorsville  campaign,  14  bridges  at  the  different  fords  were  laid, 
five  of  which  were  taken  up  and  relaid  the  second  time.  Gen.  H.  W. 
Benham,  engineer  in  charge  of  the  bridges,  submitted  interesting  reports 
covering  all  of  his  work,  which  may  be  found  in  Rebellion  Records,  Series 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  53 

1,  Volume  25,  Part  I.,  Pages  204  to  216.     He  gives  the  date,  hour  and 
place,  with  a  schedule  indicating  the  time  consumed  in  laying  each  bridge. 

These  details  are  here  given  to  illustrate  the  art  of  bridge  building 
in  presence  of  the  enemy.  In  Harper's  History  of  the  Civil  War,  Volume 

2,  Pages  490  to  492,  there  are  striking  pictures  showing  the  construction 
of  the  two  bridges  by  the  6th  Corps  at  Franklin's  Crossing  while  picket 
firing  is  in  progress  on  each  shore  and  shells  from  the  Union  guns  are 
bursting  over  the  rebel  rifle  pits  and  among  the  retreating  "Johnnies" 
beyond. 

On  May  1st  the  61st  crossed  the  river  and  proceeded  to  the  Union 
left  into  the  front  line,  where  it  remained  one  day,  maneuvering  with 
other  troops  as  a  diversion  in  favor  of  Hooker's  command  at  Chancel  - 
lorsville.  In  the  afternoon  of  May  2d  the  regiment  recrossed  the  river 
to  the  north  side,  and  that  night,  soon  after  dark,  it  again  crossed  to  the 
south  side  and  moved  slowly  and  laboriously  into  the  lower  part  of  Fred- 
ericksburg.  As  usual,  a  heavy  fog  prevailed  at  dawn,  but  the  troops 
proceeded  gradually  forward  through  deserted  streets,  skirmish  firing, 
with  occasional  shots  from  cannon,  being  heard  on  the  left.  Finally, 
toward  ten  o'clock,  the  sun  came  out  brilliantly,  dispelling  the  fog  and 
introducing  a  radiant  Sunday  morning,  but  the  church  bells  were  silent 
and  the  worshippers  invisible. 

All  was  quiet,  with  an  ominous  seriousness  on  the  faces  of  the  higher 
officers  as  they  rode  anxiously  back  and  forth  in  the  old  streets.  Not  far 
from  eleven  o'clock  a  report  started  that  the  6th  Corps  was  to  charge 
Marye's  Heights,  with  comments  on  such  an  enterprise  considering  that 
five  times  the  number  of  the  6th  Corps  had  failed  to  take  these  heights  in 
the  preceding  December.  A  little  later  another  report  more  interesting 
because  more  personal,  became  current,  and  that  was  that  the  61st  was  to 
lead  the  charge.  Increased  activity  among  the  officers  indicated  that 
warm  work  was  at  hand.  Col.  Spear  took  a  precaution  unprecedented 
before  or  after.  He  called  the  Sergeants  of  the  61st  together  and  told 
them  the  rebel  works  were  to  be  attacked,  explained  the  contemplated 
movement  and  then  gravely  said,  "You  are  dismissed  and  God  bless 
you." 

At  last,  toward  noon,  the  men  of  the  61st  were  ordered  to  strip  for  a 
charge,  which  they  did,  leaving  under  guard  in  Princess  Anne  street 
everything  but  guns  and  cartridge  boxes.  Two  columns  were  to  charge 
simultaneously  at  different  points,  one  to  be  led  by  Col.  Johns  of  the  7th 
Mass.,  who  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point.  He  was  to  lead  his  own  regi 
ment  and  the  36th  N.  Y.,  supported  by  the  light  division,  the  other  column 
to  be  led  by  Col.  Spear  of  the  61st,  consisting  of  the  61st,  his  own  regi 
ment,  and  the  43d.  N.  Y.,  supported  by  Shaler's  brigade.  Gen.  Sedgwick 
himself  supervised  this  movement,  assisted  by  Gen.  Newton,  the  division 
commander,  and  by  Gen.  Warren,  who  was  present  representing  Gen. 
Hooker.  Up  to  this  time,  11  A.  M.,  the  troops  to  make  the  assault  had 


54  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

never  seen  the  famous  rebel  works.  The  regiments  were  massed  in 
streets  running  parallel  to  the  Heights,  out  of  sight  of  the  enemy.  The 
fortifications  to  be  taken  consisted  of  earthworks  with  embrasures  for 
cannon,  the  infantry  in  rifle  pits  and  behind  a  stone  wall.  The  distance 
from  where  the  charging  column  started  to  the  rebel  works  was  about 
300  yards.  Midway  between  the  starting  point  and  the  rebel  works  was 
a  mill  race,  unfordable,  spanned  by  bridges  of  the  ordinary  width,  one  to 
be  crossed  by  Johns'  column  and  the  other  by  Spear's.  These  bridges, 
being  commanded  by  the  rebel  infantry  and  artillery,  were  allowed  to 
remain,  the  enemy  considering  it  impossible  for  the  troops  to  cross  in  the 
face  of  their  fire. 

The  column  under  Spear  was  to  charge  along  a  street  running  through 
the  rebel  works  and  connecting  with  the  Chancellors ville  plank  road. 
On  the  enemy's  side  of  the  mill  race  and  the  left  side  of  the  road  Spear 
was  to  take,  was  a  brick  tannery  to  which  the  ground  descended  from  the 
level  of  the  road  forming  a  slight  depression  between  the  road  and  the 
building  about  ten  feet  wide  and  as  long  as  the  building.  Beyond  the 
tannery  the  road  ascended  toward  the  rebel  works  through  a  cut.  The 
fortifications  to  be  taken  extended  at  right  angles  to  the  right  and  the  left 
of  the  road  along  the  crest  of  the  ridge.  The  tactical  movement  was 
planned  as  follows:  The  61st  to  lead  by  the  flank,  left  in  front,  and,  after 
passing  the  tannery,  was  to  file  left  marching  the  length  of  the  regiment 
parallel  with  the,  rebel  works  and  then  face  to  the  front  toward  the  enemy 
and  lie  down.  The  43d  N.  Y.  was  to  follow,  right  in  front  and  after  passing 
the  tannery,  file  right,  march  the  length  of  the  regiment  and  face  to  the 
front,  when  both  regiments  as  one  line  were  to  charge  the  rebel  works. 
Neither  regiment  was  to  do  any  firing,  both  to  rely  on  the  cold  steel  and 
move  double  quick.  When  all  preparations  were  made  the  Union  bat 
teries  opened  wherever  they  could  get  a  position  and  the  columns  with 
fixed  bayonets  moved  forward,  Major  Dawson  was  at  the  head  of  the 
61st  and  Col.  Spear  about  the  center.  Instead  of  filing  left  after  passing 
the  tannery  Dawson  rushed  on,  discovering  his  mistake  only  after  getting 
into  the  cut.  He  then  stopped  and  undertook  to  go  back  and  rectify  the 
error.  Few  men  heard  his  order  even  at  the  front  and  his  movement  was 
not  understood.  Meantime  Spear  was  killed  and  the  enemy  ran  out 
artillery  and  fired  grape  and  canister  down  the  road  taking  the  column  in 
flank  and  slaughtering  many  brave  men  who  were  helpless  and  uncertain 
which  way  to  go,  and  the  rebel  infantry  poured  in  a  deadly  fire  from  the 
rifle  pits.  Some  of  the  61st  took  shelter  in  the  depression  by  the  tannery 
while  others  ran  back  over  the  bridge  where  Gen.  Shaler  met  them  and 
said,  "It  is  not  your  fault — go  back,  every  man  for  himself,  and  take  the 
battery."  The  61st  men,  led  by  Shaler  on  horseback  started  back  on  a 
run  and  accompanied  and  followed  by  the  43d  N.  Y.,  those  by  the  tan 
nery  joining,  and  all  going  over  the  rebel  works  in  an  irresistible  rush, 
taking  the  battery  and  capturing  or  dispersing  all  the  enemy  in  sight. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  55 

Other  assaulting  columns  were  also  successful  and  all  the  heights  were  taken 
by  the  6th  Corps.  Many  rebels  surrendered  while  thousands  fled  across 
the  fields,  their  pace  accelerated  by  missiles  from  the  victorious  assailants. 

On  reaching  the  Heights  a  gun  of  the  rebel  Washington  artillery  was 
just  starting  away  when  a  member  of  Company  K,  61st,  shot  one  of  the 
horses,  and  the  gun  was  then  captured.  Gen.  Shaler's  advance  on  horse 
back,  as  above  stated,  was  a  great  exhibition  of  coolness  under  fire.  The 
road,  and  especially  the  bridge,  was  strewn  with  killed  and  wounded. 
The  rider  and  the  horse  seemed  equally  careful  to  avoid  further  injury  to 
the  prostrate  men,  the  noble  animal  being  permitted,  regardless  of  danger, 
to  pick  his  steps  while  slowly  advancing  amid  the  din  of  conflict.  Com 
rades  of  Gen.  Shaler  in  New  York  long  afterwards  presented  him  with  a 
large  oil  painting  of  the  scene  as  he  crossed  the  bridge.  The  likeness  of 
the  general  is  very  good  and  the  other  features  of  the  picture  are  striking 
and  impressive.  Prior  to  the  general's  death,  the  painting  was  at  the 
Union  League  rooms. 

Col.  Spear  was  a  brave  and  efficient  officer,  whose  death  was  sincerely 
mourned.  He  had  commanded  the  regiment  nearly  a  year,  showing  at 
all  times  the  best  soldierly  qualities,  joined  to  a  considerate  kindness  and 
manly  personality. 

In  his  report,  Gen.  Sedgwick,  referring  to  the  two  assaulting  columns, 
said:  "These  movements  were  gallantly  executed  under  a  most  des 
tructive  fire."  .After  taking  the  fortifications,  the  Corps  halted  several 
hours  to  allow  Gen.  Brooks'  division  back  at  the  river  to  come  up  and  lead 
in  the  pursuit,  Gen.  Hooker  having  ordered  Sedgwick  to  come  to  Chan- 
cellorsville.  When  this  fresh  division  came  up  at  3  P.  M.,  the  rebels 
were  followed  about  four  miles  to  Salem  Church,  where  the  enemy,  rein 
forced  by  troops  from  Lee's  army,  had  taken  a  strong  position  on  a  range 
of  hills.  A  terrific  fight  occurred  between  the  rebels  and  the  advanced 
division,  but  night  coming  on,  nothing  decisive  was  accomplished  on  either 
side,  except  that  the  Union  pursuit  was  stopped  and  the  6th  Corps  held 
the  field  for  the  night.  In  order  to  understand  what  occurred  to  the  6th 
Corps  the  next  day,  it  is  necessary  to  state  briefly  the  situation  at  Chancel- 
lorsville  and  what  the  cavalry  had  been  doing.  As  to  the  latter,  the 
cavalry,  nothing  of  any  importance  was  accomplished.  Gen.  Hooker,  with 
the  main  army,  had  concentrated  at  and  near  Chancellorsville,  occupying 
part  of  the  region  fought  over  a  year  later  in  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness. 
The  Union  Army,  in  effecting  the  crossing  and  getting  into  position,  had 
achieved  a  noted  advantage,  because  the  rebels  were  compelled  to  come 
out  from  behind  their  works  and  fight  in  the  open  fields  and  woods.  On 
May  1st  the  rebels  offered  strong  resistance,  which  was  being  gradually 
overcome  as  the  army  got  into  position,  but  when  victory  was  in  sight 
the  Union  generals  were  halted  and  some  of  the  troops  ordered  back, 
leaving  important  positions  to  be  occupied  by  the  enemy.  It  was  after 
this  that  the  rebel  general  Jackson,  encouraged  by  Hooker's.. timidity, 


56  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

proposed  to  Gen.  Lee  a  flank  movement  to  the  right  and  rear  of  the  Union 
Army.  Jackson  was  to  take  with  him  his  entire  corps  of  26,000  men, 
with  his  artillery  and  a  strong  force  of  cavalry,  leaving  in  front  of  the 
Union  Army  a  force  not  over  one-fourth  of  its  number.  Early  in  the 
morning  of  May  2d,  Jackson  started,  Gen.  Lee  making  bold  movements 
along  the  Union  line  to  deceive  Hooker.  Jackson's  column  was  observed 
at  several  points  as  it  hurried  along,  and  the  information  duly  reported, 
but  the  impression  prevailed  that  the  rebels  were  retreating,  and  no 
adequate  provision  was  made  to  meet  the  impending  attack.  Finally, 
about  five  o'clock  Jackson  suddenly  burst  upon  the  Union  right  and  rear, 
taking  it  by  surprise,  and  in  less  than  one  hour  practically  annihilated  the 
llth  Army  Corps  under  Gen.  Howard,  capturing  artillery  and  many 
prisoners  and  compelling  the  Union  Army  on  the  right  to  move  back. 
As  darkness  came  on  to  put  an  end  to  a  hard  fight  and  a  rough  mixup  on 
both  sides,  Jackson  was  mortally  wounded  and  carried  from  the  field. 
The  next  morning,  May  3d,  the  fight  was  renewed,  the  rebels  pressing 
Hooker's  army  with  tremendous  energy  and  courage,  gaining  permanent 
advantage  at  several  points.  Hooker  was  injured  by  a  cannon-ball 
striking  a  porch  column  against  which  he  was  leaning.  He  did  not  leave 
the  field  or  turn  over  the  command.  About  37,000  of  the  Union  troops 
present  were  not  put  into  the  fight  and  never  fired  a  shot.  The  Chancel- 
lorsville  battle  of  May  3d  gradually  subsided  about  noon,  when  Gen. 
Lee  heard  of  the  capture  of  Fredericksburg  by  the  6th  Corps  that  morn 
ing.  The  rebels,  by  their  bold  tactics  and  hard  fighting,  had  intimidated 
Gen.  Hooker,  and  Lee  did  not  hesitate  to  send  a  large  part  of  his  army  to 
assail  the  6th  Corps,  which  Hooker  supinely  abandoned  to  its  fate.  He 
neither  reinforced  the  6th  Corps  nor  ordered  it  to  retire,  nor  did  he  make 
any  cooperative  movement  of  his  own  army  for  its  relief.  On  the  morn 
ing  of  May  4th,  the  6th  Corps  faced  the  enemy  it  had  fought  the  night 
before,  and  stretched  its  left  wing  clear  back  to  Fredericksburg  to  guard 
the  rich  prize  taken  the  day  before  and  prevent  the  rebels  from  getting 
in  the  rear  and  cutting  off"  retreat  to  the  river  in  case  of  necessity.  In 
the  meantime,  reinforcements  poured  down  from  Lee's  army,  concentrated 
against  the  front  and  left  of  the  corps,  and  during  the  early  morning 
actually  retook  Marye's  Heights.  By  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the 
6th  Corps  was  formed  like  the  letter  "U,"  with  its  flanks  through  strong 
picket  lines  resting  on  the  river  above  and  below  Batik's  Ford,  the  total 
length  of  its  front  being  about  ten  miles.  The  rebels  were  on  all  sides 
except  toward  the  river.  The  corps  then  numbered  18,000  men,  with  55 
guns  and  no  cavalry.  Heavy  skirmishing  was  kept  up  until  about  six 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  when  the  combined  rebel  force  under  the  personal 
direction  of  Gen.  Lee,  advanced,  seeking  especially  to  break  through  the 
Union  left.  A  lively  fight  then  began  all  along  the  line.  The  front 
retired  from  one  position  to  another,  the  artillery  going  at  full  gallop  to 
each  new  position,  every  regiment  of  infantry  being  engaged,  with  no 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  57 

reserves.  At  one  point,  about  dusk,  the  61st,  among  its  other  movements, 
was  rushed  into  position  to  resist  a  rebel  advance,  and  had  barely  formed 
in  line  when  a  Union  battery  galloped  up  and  opened  on  it,  supposing  the 
regiment  to  be  a  rebel  line.  The  range  was  short  and  the  regiment  suffered 
severely.  Soon,  however,  the  battery  was  informed  of  the  mistake  and 
shown  the  rebels  advancing  out  of  a  strip  of  woods.  The  gunners,  as  if 
to  make  amends,  assailed  the  rebel  column,  uniting  with  the  61st  in  driv 
ing  it  out  of  sight  with  great  slaughter.  The  fighting  continued  until 
after  dark,  and  the  61st,  with  other  troops,  spent  the  night,  until  two 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  moving  to  various  threatened  points  and  perfect 
ing  the  corps  line  so  as  to  exclude  the  rebels,  everywhere  pressing  to  get 
through  so  as  to  destroy  the  bridges.  Finally,  between  two  and  three 
A.  M.,  May  5th,  the  regiment  recrossed  the  Rappahannock  River  at 
Bank's  Ford  on  two  pontoon  bridges,  taking  position  in  the  woods,  where 
hot  coffee  was  keenly  relished.  The  next  day,  after  the  bridges  had  been 
removed,  the  regiment  marched  back  to  camp,  mingling  on  the  way  with 
the  silent  and  disgusted  soldiers  from  Chancellorsville. 

The  loss  of  the  61st  May  3d  and  4th,  as  given  by  Gen.  Sedgwick,  in 
his  official  report  was,  officers  killed,  1 ;  wounded,  5;  men  killed,  7;  wounded, 
59;  missing,  16;  total,  88.  Major  Dawson,  who  took  command  after 
Spear's  death,  reporting  for  the  regiment,  said  ten  men  were  killed,  and 
Col.  Fox,  in  his  list  of  losses,  taken  from  official  sources,  says  the  regiment 
had  15  killed,  the  truth  being  seven  of  the  wounded  men  died  on  the  field 
or  in  Fredericksburg  within  the  next  twenty-four  hours.  The  actual 
loss  was,  therefore,  officers  killed,  1;  wounded,  5;  men  killed,  15;  wounded, 
52;  missing,  16;  total,  89.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  lost: 
Killed,  Col.  George  C.  Spear;  wounded,  Capt.  Jacob  Creps,  Company  A; 
Capt.  Wm.  W.  Ellis,  Company  D;  Capt.  George  W.  Crosby,  Company  G; 
Lieut.  Eugene  C.  Koerner,  Company  B;  and  Lieut.  George  F.  Harper, 
Company  B,  the  latter  dying  from  his  wounds  May  18th,  1863.  The  loss 
of  the  6th  Corps  was  4,570,  of  the  entire  army,  16,030. 

In  writing  the  history  of  the  61st  regiment,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
describe  the  whole  campaign  or  attempt  any  estimate  of  the  merit  of 
commanding  generals,  but  it  is  desirable  that  the  general  situation  be 
understood  as  bearing  on  the  spirit  of  the  men  and  the  dauntless  resolu 
tion  with  which  they  discharged  every  duty,  willingly  offering  their  lives. 
Including  Bull  Run  and  Balls  Bluff,  the  Peninsula  Campaign,  Pope's 
operations,  maneuvers  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  Harper's  Ferry,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville,  the  Union  loss  to  May  18th,  1863, 
counting  the  sick,  was  not  less  than  200,000  men;  probably  the  aggregate 
loss  was  more  than  double  the  number  of  effective  men  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  at  any  one  time. 

While  the  soldiers  were  highly  dissatisfied  they  retained  full  faith  in 
the  ultimate  success  of  their  cause  and  were  to  furnish  within  two  months 


58  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

the  most  mangnificent  exhibition  of  steady  fortitude,  of  gallant  efficiency, 
of  unconquerable  intrepidity. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  now  sounded  the  depths  of  humiliation 
for  the  last  time.  It  is  to  be  baffled  and  resisted  by  the  rebels  with  death 
less  valor.  It  is  to  make  appalling  sacrifices,  to  fight  battles  more  bloody 
than  any  it  has  yet  seen.  It  is  to  witness  carnage  the  historian  staggers  to 
describe.  But  it  is  to  leave  no  battlefield  except  as  a  victor.  Though 
its  commander  is  to  be  changed  once  more,  its  defeats  have  been  chronicled 
for  the  last  time.  While  its  losses  will  startle  the  world,  its  failures  will 
furnish  no  more  glaring  headlines. 

On  May  8th,  1863,  the  61st  camped  at  White  Oak  Church,  three 
miles  from  Fredericksburg,  toward  the  left  of  the  Union  Army.  The 
location  was  pleasant  and  the  regiment  rapidly  recovered  its  usual  good 
spirits.  On  the  llth  Gen.  Sedgwick  issued  an  order  terminating  the 
Light  division  and  assigning  the  regiments  to  other  brigades,  the  61st 
going  to  the  3d  brigade,  2d  division,  6th  corps,  where  it  remained  until 
mustered  out  June  28th,  1865,  at  the  close  of  the  war.  While  in  camp 
at  this  place,  Gen.  Hooker  also  issued  definite  orders  assigning  to  each 
corps  and  division  its  badge  to  be  worn  by  the  officers  and  men,  and  for 
corps,  division  and  brigade  headquarters,  and  for  ambulances,  supply 
and  other  trains.  All  the  corps  had  red  for  the  1st  division,  white  for 
the  2d  and  blue  for  the  3d,  the  shape  of  the  badge  indicating  the  corps. 
The  6th  Corps  badge  was  a  Greek  cross,  of  which  in  time  the  men  became 
very  proud,  as  the  organization  gained  more  fame  in  every  battle,  includ 
ing  the  last  one  at  Sailors  Creek,  April  6th,  1865.  The  official  badges 
were  cut  out  of  woolen  cloth  and  sewed  to  the  caps  or  hats,  while  the 
ensigns  used  for  headquarters  were  made  of  bunting  large  enough  to  be 
seen  with  the  naked  eye  for  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  Many  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  also  provided  themselves  with  badges  made  of  tin,  of  silver, 
gold  and  other  substances,  having  the  appropriate  shape  and  color,  with 
artistic  workmanship.  The  61st,  composing  a  part  of  the  2d  division, 
6th  corps,  had  a  white  Greek  cross,  which  many  had  made  of  silver  and 
pinned  on  to  the  lapel  of  the  coat  or  used  in  the  buttonhole.  This  metal 
was  then  something  of  a  novelty,  having  been  out  of  circulation  for  two 
years  before  the  badges  were  adopted.  Many  of  the  silver  crosses  are 
still  preserved  by  the  members  of  the  61st  and  their  families.  It  is  in 
teresting  to  observe  that  the  custom  of  wearing  symbolic  buttons  and 
other  badges,  now  so  common,  originated  in  the  Civil  War,  when  there 
was  a  real  necessity  for  ready  means  of  identification.  An  official  list  of 
all  army  badges,  with  pictures  thereof,  may  be  found  in  Phisterere's 
Statistical  Record,  pages  55  to  60. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

GETTYSBURG. 

"What  the  Battle  of  Waterloo  was  to  Napo 
leon,  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg  proved  to  the  Con 
federates.  Though  not  resulting  in  the  immediate 
downfall  of  their  power,  Gettysburg  was  the  blow 
which  made  it  reel  and  finally  totter  to  its  destruc 
tion. 

"The  persistency  in  action  of  the  Union  Army 
was  largely  due  to  the  steadfast  purpose  of  the 
privates  in  the  ranks.  They  had  come  to  that 
ground  to  gain  victory  and  it  was  not  in  their 
counsels  to  leave  it  or  be  pushed  from  it  until  that 
end  was  attained." 

Samuel  P.  Bates. 

In  the  memorable  campaign  now  to  be  described,  the  61st,  com 
manded  by  Lieut.  Col.  George  F.  Smith,  as  before  indicated,  belonged  to 
the  3d  Brigade,  2d  Division,  6th  Corps.  The  brigade  was  commanded 
by  Brigadier  Gen.  Thos.  H.  Neill,  the  division  by  Brig.  Gen.  A.  P.  Howe, 
and  the  corps  by  Maj.  Gen.  John  Sedgwick.  Eight  batteries  of  artillery 
belonged  to  the  corps.  The  army  had  twenty-three  batteries  of  reserve 
artillery  besides  the  batteries  assigned  to  the  several  corps,  the  total 
number  of  guns  being  300.  The  3d  Brigade  was  composed  as  follows: 
7th  Me.,  43d,  49th,  77th  N.  Y.,  and  61st  Pa. 

On  the  morning  of  June  5th,  1863,  the  6th  Corps  marched  from  White 
Oak  Church  to  the  Rappahannock  River  at  Franklin's  Crossing  below 
Fredericksburg.  That  afternoon  the  pontonniers  laid  two  bridges  on 
which  the  61st  with  the  2d  Division  crossed  the  next  morning  and  drove 
the  enemy  back  to  their  fortifications  on  and  near  the  hill  where  so  much 
fighting  occurred  at  the  two  previous  battles.  This  movement  was  both 
a  reconnaissance  and  a  diversion.  The  61st  was  relieved  on  the  evening 
of  the  7th  and  recrossed  to  the  north  side,  camping  on  the  bluffs,  where 
it  remained  until  June  14th  subject  to  artillery  fire  from  rebel  batteries 
on  the  other  side  until  they  were  silenced  by  the  Union  guns  of  longer 
range. 

On  June  14th,  Sunday,  the  regiment  marched  to  Potomac  Creek, 
where  it  halted  to  allow  the  corps  trains  to  pass,  then  marched  all  night, 
arriving  at  Dumfries  June  15th  at  5  P.  M.  This  night  and  day  march  of 
32  hours  over  bad  roads  was  exceedingly  taxing  and  many  stragglers  were 
necessarily  left  behind.  Leaving  Dumfries  at  5  A.  M.,  June  16th,  the 


60  SIXTY-FIR]S  T  REGIMENT 

regiment  passed  Occoquan  Creek  at  3  P.  M.  and  halted  at  Fairfax  Station, 
remaining  there  until  June  18th  and  then  marching  to  German  town  near 
Fairfax  Court  house,  and  later  the  same  day  to  Centerville,  where  the 
2d  Division  formed  line  of  battle  to  resist  a  rebel  force  in  the  neighbor 
hood.  On  June  20th  the  61st  marched  by  Manassas  Junction  with  Howe's 
2d  Division  to  Bristoe  Station  on  the  Alexandria  and  Orange  Railroad, 
where  the  division  remained  until  June  25th  and  then  moved  to  Center 
ville.  On  June  26th,  starting  at  daybreak  the  61st  with  the  6th  Corps 
marched  to  Dranesville,  Va.,  a  distance  by  the  route  followed  of  35  miles. 
The  next  day,  June  27th,  the  6th  Corps  crossed  the  Potomac  into  Mary 
land  at  Edward's  Ferry,  and  that  night  the  61st  camped  near  Poolesville. 
The  next  day,  the  28th,  the  corps  marched  to  Hyattstown  by  Sugar  Loaf 
Mountain,  making  20  miles.  On  this  day  Gen.  Hooker  was  relieved  from 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  Gen.  George  G.  Meade  was 
appointed  his  successor.  The  new  commander  was  from  Pennsylvania. 
No  announcement  was  made  at  the  time  of  the  change  of  commanders. 
Gen.  Hooker  left  the  army  at  Frederick,  Md.,  going  to  Baltimore.  On 
June  29th  the  6th  Corps  moved  through  Newmarket,  Ridgeville,  Mount 
Airey  Station,  Sams  Creek,  to  New  Windsor,  23  miles,  the  61st  camp 
ing  near  Johnsville.  On  June  30th  the  6th  Corps  moved  at  4  A.  M.  from 
New  Windsor  to  Manchester  by  way  of  Westminster  and  Downs ville, 
23  miles,  the  61st  aiding  to  remove  obstructions  placed  along  the  road 
by  the  rebels. 

July  1st,  1863,  7  P.  M.,  the  6th  Corps  started  on  its  most  celebrated 
march.  The  61st  was  camped  the  night  before  two  miles  from  Manchester, 
Md.,  near  the  road  leading  to  Westminster.  At  11  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
when  the  weary  soldiers  were  adjusting  themselves  for  the  night  after  a 
hot  Maryland  day,  the  familiar  order  came  to  "fall  in,"  which  in  those 
days  meant  a  move  in  from  two  to  five  minutes.  Getting  in  line, 
the  61st  with  the  6th  Corps  started  southwesterly  toward  Union  Mills 
on  the  Baltimore  Pike. 

During  the  night  progress  was  very  slow,  the  road  being  blocked  by 
trains,  and  Gen.  Sedgwick,  the  corps  commander,  seemed  to  be  awaiting 
more  definite  orders.  Finally  near  daybreak  the  Baltimore  Pike  was 
reached  after  a  slow  march  of  six  hours,  in  which  the  corps  only  made  about 
five  miles.  All  experienced  soldiers  know  that  such  a  march  is  really 
more  wearisome  than  a  brisk  step,  as  the  guns  and  other  equipment  always 
seem  heavier  on  a  slow  movement,  where  obstructions  interfere  causing 
the  men  to  stand  in  ranks  for  long  periods,  ready  to  move  every  moment. 

Therefore,  by  3:30  A.  M.,  July  2d,  when  glimpses  of  light  appeared 
in  the  east,  tokens  of  the  end  of  a  sultry  night  and  harbingers  of  a  melt 
ing  day,  the  men  of  the  6th  Corps  were  tired  and  longed  to  go  into  camp, 
where  guns  could  be  stacked,  knapsacks,  haversacks,  canteens  and  cart 
ridge  boxes  unloaded,  with  opportunity  for  rest  and  sleep.  And  as  the 
column  turned  to  the  right  into  the  Baltimore  Pike,  it  seemed  the  camp- 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  61 

ing  place  had  at  last  been  reached  and  the  exhausted  men  began  to  look 
for  water  and  wonder  which  of  the  beautiful  green  fields  they  would 
occupy. 

But  this  stimulating  allurement  was  of  short  duration.  As  the 
column  stretched  out  on  the  old  limestone  pike,  headed  westerly,  the 
step  was  lengthened  and  quickened  and  the  dark  blue  line,  reanimated, 
moved  forward  in  silence,  as  if  each  one  of  the  15,000  realized  that  his 
services  were  needed  on  the  greatest  battlefield  of  the  New  World  and  in 
order  to  reach  his  struggling  companions  not  a  breath  must  be  wasted 
in  conversation. 

On  and  on  went  the  red,  white  and  blue  Greek  crosses,  up  and  down 
grades  and  around  curves  in  a  cloud  of  light  gray  dust  arising  from  the 
hard  road. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  take  a  birdseye  view  of  the  other  corps  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  its  antagonist,  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia.  The  6th  Corps,  the  right  of  the  Union  Army,  is  hastening  to 
join  the  other  six  corps  at  Gettysburg,  where  a  fierce  battle  is  raging, 
begun  on  the  morning  of  July  1st,  the  day  before,  and  which  is  to  last 
all  of  the  2d  and  3d.  It  was  opened  on  the  Union  side  by  a  division  of 
cavalry,  commanded  by  Gen.  John  Buford,  resisting  a  superior  force  of 
rebel  infantry  and  artillery.  Buford's  heroic  defense  held  the  enemy 
until  the  arrival  of  the  1st  Corps  under  Gen.  Reynolds.  While  this 
splendid  corps  was  getting  into  position,  its  illustrious  commander  was 
instantly  killed,  leaving  the  battlefield  under  Gen.  Doubleday,  the  brave 
artillery  officer  who  helped  to  defend  Fort  Sumter.  He  made  the  best 
possible  use  of  every  man  on  the  field,  inflicting  great  punishment  on  the 
rebels  as  they  concentrated  in  overwhelming  numbers  upon  him.  Then 
Gen.  Howard  arrived  with  the  llth  Corps,  and  being  superior  in  rank  to 
Doubleday,  took  command,  and  the  battle  raged  until  late  in  the  afternoon 
with  disastrous  results  to  the  llth  Corps  and  fearful  loss  to  the  1st. 

The  Union  Army  was  forced  back  south  of  Gettysburg,  taking  a 
position  along  Cemetery  Ridge  and  on  Gulp's  Hill,  where  it  was  rein 
forced  by  the  2d,  3d,  5th  and  12th  Corps,  and  where  a  terrific  battle  is 
to  be  fought. 

Meanwhile  the  6th  Corps,  is  rapidly  covering  the  20  miles  of  white 
limestone  pike  still  separating  it  from  the  battlefield,  never  stopping  until 
the  men  lay  down  in  the  shadow  of  Little  Round  Top,  which  was  then 
sending  up  fire  and  smoke  like  a  volcano  in  active  eruption. 

Respecting  this  march,  Gen.  Sedgwick  in  his  report  said:  "  I  arrived 
at  Gettysburg  at  about  2  o'clock,  having  marched  35  miles  from  1 1  o'clock 
the  previous  evening.  I  received  no  less  than  three  messages  by  his, 
Meade's,  aides  urging  me  on."  These  messages  accounted  for  the  cease 
less  movement  of  the  corps  toward  the  battlefield  which  has  been  de 
scribed  by  the  author  of  this  history  for  publication  elsewhere  as  follows: 

"When  the  fighting  on  July  1st  ended  after  sundown,  the  6th  Corps 


62  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

was  at  Manchester,  Md.,  thirty-four  miles  away,  where  it  had  camped  for 
the  night  on  its  way  toward  Baltimore  to  head  off  the  supposed  movement 
of  the  enemy  from  York,  Pa.  After  dark  we  were  ordered  to  "fall  in," 
and  started  in  a  few  minutes  back  along  the  same  road  on  which  we  had 
marched  during  the  afternoon.  Our  supply  and  ammunition  trains  were 
in  the  way,  greatly  impeding  our  progress.  None  of  us  knew  our  desti 
nation,  but  we  suspected  something  important  would  soon  occur.  After 
midnight  we  turned  to  our  right  on  a  fine  highway  which  proved  to  be  the 
Baltimore  Pike  leading  directly  to  Gettysburg.  At  six  o'clock  in  the 
morning  we  stopped  about  thirty  minutes  for  coffee  and  then  resumed  our 
march,  never  halting  until  we  reached  Little  Round  Top  on  the  battle 
field. 

"The  6th  Corps  at  that  time  had  36  regiments  of  infantry,  eight  bat 
teries  of  artillery  and  two  companies  of  cavalry,  and  when  stretched  along 
a  single  road  with  its  ammunition  and  supply  trains  the  corps  was  over 
ten  miles  long.  Such  a  march  as  the  corps  made  to  reach  Gettysburg 
would  have  been  a  great  achievement  if  the  weather  had  been  favorable 
and  men  unencumbered,  considering  that  they  were  on  their  feet  sub 
stantially  all  the  time  from  eight  o'clock  in  the  evening  until  afternoon 
of  the  next  day,  say  sixteen  hours.  But  in  fact  they  were  heavily  encum 
bered,  each  had  a  gun,  forty  rounds  of  ammunition,  a  canteen,  a  haver 
sack  and  either  a  knapsack  or  a  blanket  swung  over  his  shoulder;  besides, 
the  night  was  sultry,  the  day  hot  and  the  air  filled  with  fine  white  dust 
created  by  the  long  moving  column  on  the  white  limestone  road.  Though 
it  may  seem  strange  it  is  nevertheless  true  that  we  suffered  for  want  of 
water.  While  each  farmhouse  had  a  spring  or  a  well,  we  could  not  stop 
long  enough  to  be  supplied,  and  the  quantity  was  insufficient,  the  first 
hundred  men  always  taking  the  last  drop.  This  is  illustrated  by  an 
affecting  incident  which  occurred  as  we  neared  the  battlefield. 

"A  long  line  of  ambulances  met  us  filled  with  wounded  going  to  the 
rear,  interfering  with  our  movement  and  causing  temporary  delay.  I  saw 
a  chain  pump  in  the  front  yard  of  a  house  and  went  to  it  and  began  vigor 
ously  to  turn  the  crank,  but  no  water  came.  A  woman,  her  arms  akimbo, 
stood  near,  with  solemn  expression  and  a  far-away  look,  apparently  not 
noticing  me.  Addressing  her  I  said,  "Can  you  tell  me  where  to  get  some 
water?"  The  woman  instantly  began  to  cry  as  if  her  heart  would  break 
and  between  sobs  she  said  to  me,  "No,  I  can't  even  give  you  a  cup  of  cold 
water."  My  sympathies  were  touched,  and  for  a  time,  at  least,  I  forgot 
all  about  my  thirst.  I  wonder  if  the  barren  fig  tree  on  the  side  of  Olivet 
would  have  been  spared  if  it  had  burst  into  tears  of  regret  because  it  had 
no  fruit  for  the  hungry  Galilean." 

The  author  of  this  history  delivered  the  oration  when  the  61st  Monu 
ment  was  dedicated  at  Gettysburg  July  24th,  1888,  and  part  of  what  he 
then  said  is  here  given  as  follows: — 

"The  arrival  of  the  Sixth  Corps  so  soon  was  a  surprise  to  both  friend 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  63 

and  foe.  An  incident  is  related  by  Charles  Carlton  Coffin,  presenting  a 
striking  scene  at  Gen.  Meade's  headquarters  as  the  Sixth  Corps  came  in 
sight.  The  movement  of  the  column  was  so  fast  that  it  was  believed  to 
be  cavalry.  The  author  says:  'I  was  at  Meade's  headquarters;  the 
roar  of  battle  was  louder  and  grew  nearer ;  Hill  was  threatening  the  center ; 
a  cloud  of  dust  could  be  seen  down  the  Baltimore  Pike.  Had  Stuart 
suddenly  gained  our  rear?  There  were  anxious  countenances  around  the 
cottage  where  the  flag  of  the  Commander-in-chief  was  flying.  Officers 
gazed  with  their  field  glasses.  'It  is  not  cavalry,  but  infantry,'  said  one, 
'there  is  the  flag,  it  is  the  Sixth  Corps.'  Faces  which  a  moment  before 
were  grave  became  cheerful.  It  was  an  inspiring  sight.  The  corps  crossed 
Rock  Creek,  filed  into  the  field,  threw  themselves  upon  the  ground,  tossed 
aside  their  knapsacks,  and  wiped  the  sweat  from  their  sun-burnt  cheeks.' 

"The  author,  after  describing  some  other  stirring  movements  then 
in  progress,  continues:  'At  the  same  time  an  officer  rode  down  to  the 
Sixth  Corps.  I  saw  the  tired  and  weary  men  rise  from  the  ground  and 
fall  into  line.  They  moved  off  upon  the  run  towards  Weed's  Hill,  Little 
Round  Top,  which  was  all  aflame.  The  dark  lines  of  the  Sixth  Corps 
became  lost  to  sight  as  they  moved  into  the  woods  crowning  the  hill. 
There  were  quicker  volleys,  a  lighting  up  of  the  sky  by  sudden  flashes, 
followed  by  a  cheer.  Longstreet  gave  up  the  struggle  and  fell  back.' 

"Stevens,  the  Sixth  Corps  historian,  describes  the  same  movement, 
as  follows:  'On  receiving  orders  assigning  our  position,  and  the  infor 
mation  that  our  presence  was  actually  needed,  the  three  divisions  were 
moved  simultaneously  at  DOUBLE  QUICK,  in  parallel  lines,  and  arrived 
on  the  line  of  battle  at  the  critical  moment,  just  as  the  rebels,  flushed 
with  victory,  were  penetrating  our  lines  to  the  right  of  Round  Top.  Owing 
to  the  direction  in  which  we  approached,  little  more  was  necessary  than  to 
halt  the  lines  and  face  to  the  right  to  bring  three  lines  of  battle  facing 
the  enemy's  advance,  and  to  close  the  gap  made  by  the  rebel  onslaught.' 
'The  volley  from  our  front  line,'  says  Gen.  Wright,  'was  perhaps  the  heaviest 
I  have  ever  heard,  and  it  had  the  effect  not  only  of  checking  the  triumphant 
advance,  but  of  throwing  his  ranks  into  the  utmost  confusion.' 

"The  movements  of  the  Sixth. Corps  on  July  2d,  1863,  are  such  as 
to  challenge  the  admiration  of  mankind.  Its  majestic  tread  on  the 
battlefield,  at  the  supreme  moment,  after  such  a  memorable  march,  will 
resound  through  the  ages.  It  was  the  realization,  the  embodiment  of 
the  sublimest  figure  of  inspired  poetry;  'terrible  as  an  army  with  banners,' 
became  in  fact,  'a  terrible  army  with  banners,'  the  Greek  cross  floating 
over  it,  and  the  Greek  fire  like  that  which  could  not  be  extinguished  at 
Salamis,  burning  within  it. 

"The  Sixth  Corps,  after  aiding  in  the  repulse  at  Little  Round  Top,  was 
separated  and  used  to  patch  up  weak  places  in  the  lines,  and  was  moved 
from  place  to  place,  in  brigades,  regiments  and  even  battalions,  during 
the  remainder  of  the  fight.  For  a  long  time,  during  July  3d,  one  brigade 


64  SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 

of  the  Sixth  Corps,  the  Vermonters,  held  the  extreme  left  of  the  Army 
at  Round  Top,  and  another,  the  3d,  the  extreme  right  at  Wolf's  Hill. 

"The  61st  occupied  four  different  places  in  the  lines.  First,  in  the 
evening  of  July  2d,  to  the  right  of  Little  Round  Top,  with  the  Corps  in 
its  first  movement  against  and  repulse  of  Longstreet;  second,  later  in  the 
same  evening,  after  stopping  awhile  in  Hancock's  line  on  Cemetery  Ridge, 
took  position  in  the  woods  to  the  right  of  Gulp's  Hill;  third,  at  Wolf's 
Hill,  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army  connecting  with  the  cavalry.  Here 
four  companies,  under  Capt.  Creps,  wrere  on  the  picket  line  all  day  on  the 
3d,  continually  engaged  with  the  enemy,  the  balance  of  the  regiment  being 
in  the  front  line  on  the  northerly  slope  of  Wolf's  Hill;  fourth,  about  noon, 
and  during  the  lull  which  preceded  the  great  cannonade,  that  part  of  the 
regiment  not  on  the  picket  line  moved  to  Cemetery  Ridge  and  took  posi 
tion  in  front  of  Meade's  headquarters,  where  it  remained  until  about  six 
o'clock.  Then,  after  the  repulse  of  Pickett,  and  termination  of  the 
battle,  the  61st  marched  back  again  to  Wolf's  Hill  and  remained  there 
until  the  morning  of  July  5th. 

"By  this  description  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Sixty-First  marched 
four  to  six  miles  after  reaching  the  battlefield  on  July  2d,  which,  added  to 
its  long  march,  made  nearly  forty  miles  for  the  day.  Besides,  a  part  of 
the  regiment  remained  on  duty  all  night  and  began  fighting  at  break  of 
day,  July  3d. 

"It  is  not  possible  or  necessary  to  give  further  details,  though  the 
speaker  cannot  close  without  referring  to  the  scene  on  Cemetery  Ridge 
during  the  artillery  firing  and  the  assault  which  followed.  For  a  few 
minutes  after  the  61st  formed  its  line  all  was  silent.  Then  a  Rebel  signal 
gun  was  fired  to  the  north  on  Seminary  Hill.  Instantly  the  whole  line 
of  rebel  guns,  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  in  number,  joined  in  the 
cannonade.  All  the  guns  northeast,  north  and  northwest  concentrated 
their  fire  on  Cemetery  Ridge.  Every  size  and  form  of  missile  known  to 
gunnery  crashed,  shrieked,  whirled,  moaned  and  whistled  along  the 
ridge,  splintering  trees,  bounding  from  rocks,  smashing  wagons,  disabling 
guns,  tearing  through  the  house  at  Meade's  headquarters  and  plowing 
up  the  ground  in  all  directions.  It  is  said  they  came  six  in  a  second. 
The  roar  at  first  was  deafening,  but  became  awful  when  over  a  hundred 
Union  guns  replied  firing  from  all  the  hills  on  the  line.  The  earth  shook 
and  it  seemed  from  the  sulphureous  smoke,  flame  and  thunder  that 
the  last  day  had  arrived.  At  this  moment  the  reserve  artillery  of  the 
Union  Army  ,  eighty  guns,  came  into  position  along  Cemetery  Ridge, 
making  the  most  sublime  and  exciting  spectacle  ever  witnessed  by  the 
speaker.  Soon  the  firing  of  cannon  ceased  on  the  enemy's  side,  and  on 
came  their  bold  charge  accompanied  with  wild  yells  extending  a  mile  or 
more  along  their  serried  ranks.  The  moment  was  thrilling.  It  was  the 
high  water  mark  of  Rebellion  and  made  an  epoch  in  human  destiny. 
The  Union  lines  were  immovable,  the  assailants  were  crushed. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  65 

"From  that  moment  the  Nation  was  saved  and  consecrated  anew 
for  coming  ages.     Americans  the  next  day  adopted  the  motto: 
"'All  honor  to  the  heroic  living, 
All  glory  to  the  gallant  dead.'" 

The  great  feature  of  the  Gettysburg  battle  was  this  charge  of  the 
rebel  General  Pickett  July  3d  on  the  left  center  of  our  position. 

The  Union  Army  occupied  a  semicircular  line  extending  from  Round 
Top  on  the  left  to  Wolf's  Hill  on  the  right,  about  six  miles,  the  field  hospi 
tals,  reserve  artillery  and  trains  being  writhin  the  circle.  Opposite  the 
left  center  of  the  Union  lines  was  Seminary  Ridge  which  was  occupied 
by  the  rebels. 

About  noon  July  3d,  the  enemy  concentrated  his  artillery  so  as  to 
bear  on  about  half  a  mile  of  the  Union  line  along  Cemetery  Ridge  with  a 
view  of  weakening  it  preparatory  to  an  infantry  charge.  Counting  the 
supports  on  either  flank  of  the  charging  column,  over  twenty  thousand 
rebels  took  part  in  the  movement.  As  soon  as  the  assaulting  column, 
half  a  mile  long,  came  in  sight,  nearly  a  mile  away,  the  Union  artillery 
along  the  entire  front  opened  on  it,  first  with  solid  shot,  then  with  shells, 
then  with  grape  and  canister;  and  when  the  rebels  were  within  range  the 
infantry  opened  on  them.  As  the  men  fell  the  ranks  were  closed  by  press 
ing  toward  the  center,  constantly  shortening  the  assaulting  line  and 
breaking  its  formation.  Still  the  chargers  came  on,  with  frenzied  yells 
defying  death  and  crowding  closer  together  as  they  neared  the  Union 
line.  The  soldiers  with  fixed  bayonets  and  the  officers  urging  them  on 
with  drawn  swords.  Deadly  missiles  could  not  stop  them  all,  and  like  a 
wild  mob  they  rushed  over  the  infantry,  seized  many  cannons,  bayoneting 
and  clubbing  the  gunners. 

But  the  task  was  too  great;  the  formation  had  been  shattered  and  a 
large  portion  of  the  men  lay  dead  or  wounded  on  the  field,  while  the 
remaining  brave  men,  driven  through  the  Union  lines  by  the  great  momen 
tum,  were  all  killed  or  captured  in  less  than  thirty  seconds,  the  Union 
soldiers,  unwearied  by  any  exertion,  literally  flying  upon  the  intruders 
with  swords,  bayonets  and  the  butts  of  guns,  the  artillerists  assisting  with 
their  ramrods  and  revolvers. 

Charles  Carlton  Coffin,  in  his  Boys  of  '61,  further  describes  the 
scene  as  follows:— 

"As  soon  as  the  approach  of  the  enemy  was  perceived  every  man  was 
on  the  alert.  The  cannoneers  sprung  to  their  feet.  The  long  lines  emerged 
from  the  woods  and  moved  rapidly  but  steadily  over  the  fields  towards 
the  Emmittsburg  road.  Howard's  batteries  burst  into  flame,  throwing 
shells  with  the  utmost  rapidity.  There  are  gaps  in  the  Confederate 
ranks,  but  onward  still  they  come.  They  reach  the  Emmittsburg  road. 
Pickett's  division  appears  by  Klingel's  house.  All  of  Howard's  guns  are 
at  work  now.  Pickett  turns  to  the  right,  moving  north,  driven  in  part 
by  the  fire  rolling  in  upon  his  flank  from  Weed's  Hill,  Little  Round  Top, 


66  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

and  from  the  Third,  Fifth  and  Sixth  Corps  batteries.  Suddenly  he  faces 
east,  descends  the  gentle  slope  from  the  road  behind  Codori's,  crosses  the 
meadow,  comes  in  reach  of  the  muskets  of  the  Vermonters.  The  three 
regiments  rise  from  their  shallow  trench.  The  men  beneath  the  oak 
trees  leap  from  their  low  breast-works  of  rails.  There  is  a  ripple,  a  roll, 
a  deafening  roar.  Yet  the  momentum  of  the  Confederate  column  still 
carries  it  on.  It  is  becoming  thinner  and  weaker,  but  they  still  advance. 
The  Second  Corps  is  like  a  thin  blue  ribbon.  Will  it  withstand  the  shock? 
'Give  them  canister'  'Pour  it  into  them'  shouts  Major  Charles  Howard, 
running  from  battery  to  battery.  The  Confederate  line  is  almost  up  to 
the  grove  in  front  of  Robinson's.  It  has  reached  the  clump  of  scrub 
oaks.  It  has  drifted  past  the  Vermont  boys.  Onward  still,  'Break  their 
third  line!  Smash  their  supports!'  cries  General  Howard,  and  Osborne 
and  Wainwright  send  the  fire  of  fifty  guns  into  the  column,  each  piece 
fired  three  times  a  minute.  The  Cemetery  is  lost  to  view,  covered  with 
sulphurous  clouds,  flaming  and  smoking  and  thundering  like  Sinai  on  the 
great  day  of  the  Lord!  The  front  line  of  Confederates  is  melting  away,— 
the  second  is  advancing  to  take  its  place;  but  beyond  the  first  and  second 
is  the  third  which  reels,  and  breaks,  and  flies  to  the  woods  from  whence 
it  came,  unable  to  withstand  the  storm.  Hancock  is  wounded,  and 
Gibbon  is  in  command  of  the  Second  Corps.  'Hold  your  fire,  boys;  they 
are  not  near  enough  yet,'  says  Gibbon,  as  Pickett  comes  on.  The  first 
volley  staggers,  but  does  not  stop  them.  They  move  upon  the  run, — 
up  to  the  breast-works  of  rails,- — so  powerful  their  momentum.  Men 
fire  into  each  other's  faces,  not  five  feet  apart.  There  are  bayonet 
thrusts,  sabre  strokes,  pistol  shots;  cool,  deliberate  movements  on  the 
part  of  some, — hot,  passionate,  desperate  efforts  with  others;  hand  to 
hand  contests;  recklessness  of  life;  tenacity  of  purpose;  fiery  determina 
tion,  oaths,  yells,  curses,  hurrahs,  shoutings;  men  go  down  on  their  hands 
and  knees,  spinning  round  like  tops,  throwing  out  their  arms,  gulping  up 
blood,  falling,  legless,  armless,  headless.  There  are  ghastly  heaps  of 
dead  men.  Seconds  are  centuries;  minutes,  ages;  but  the  thin  line  does 
not  break.  The  Confederates  have  swept  past  the  Vermont  regiments. 
'Take  them  in  flank,'  says  General  Stannard.  The  Thirteenth  and  Six 
teenth  swing  out  from  the  trench,  turn  a  right  angle  to  the  main  line,  and 
face  to  the  north.  They  move  forward  a  few  steps,  pour  a  deadly  volley 
into  the  ranks  of  Kemper's  troops.  With  a  hurrah  they  rush  on  to  drive 
home  the  bayonet.  The  Fifteenth,  Nineteenth,  Twentieth  Massachu 
setts  and  Seventh  Michigan,  Twentieth  New  York,  Nineteenth  Maine, 
One  Hundred  and  Fifty-first  Pennsylvania,  and  other  regiments  catch 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  moment,  and  close  upon  the  foe.  The  Confederate 
column  has  lost  its  power.  The  lines  waver.  The  soldiers  of  the  front 
rank  look  around  for  their  supports.  They  are  gone — fleeing  over  the 
field,  broken,  shattered,  thrown  into  confusion  by  the  remorseless  fire 
from  the  cemetery  and  from  cannon  on  the  ridge.  The  lines  have  dis- 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  67 

appeared  like  straw  in  a  candle's  flame.  The  ground  is  thick  with  dead, 
and  the  wounded  are  like  the  withered  leaves  of  autumn.  Thousands  of 
Confederates  throw  down  their  arms  and  give  themselves  up  as  prisoners." 

The  amount  of  hard  fighting  at  Gettysburg  can  be  understood  to 
some  extent  by  merely  naming  the  places  on  the  field  made  famous  by  the 
furious  struggles  and  movements  of  troops :  The  Seminary  and  woods  near 
it  where  Reynolds  was  killed  the  first  day;  the  Town  of  Gettysburg  in 
whose  streets  the  fight  raged,  the  houses  being  torn  and  riddled  by  cannon 
balls;  the  Cemetery  where  the  Union  forces  rallied  the  first  day;  Gulp's 
Hill  where  such  a  deadly  infantry  fight  occurred  on  the  second  day;  Wolf's 
Hill,  the  extreme  Union  right;  Round  Top,  the  extreme  left,  a  high  peak 
occupied  by  long  range  artillery;  Little  Round  Top,  a  high  wooded  rocky 
knoll  where  a  most  terrific  conflict  occurred;  the  Devil's  Den,  a  rocky 
gorge  occupied  by  swarms  of  Rebel  sharp  shooters  who  shot  our  cannoneers 
on  Little  Round  Top  and  who  were  dislodged  by  Union  sharp  shooters 
after  hours  of  sanguinary  work;  the  wheat  field,  about  twenty  acres  fought 
over  back  and  forth  until  it  was  covered  with  dead  and  wounded  of  both 
armies  and  strewn  with  battle  wreckage;  the  Peach  Orchard  where  Gen. 
Sickles  lost  a  leg  and  nearly  half  of  his  corps  was  destroyed;  the  Cemetery 
Ridge  upon  which  Pickett  made  his  charge;  the  Kmmettsburg  Road  across 
which  he  came;  the  Baltimore  Pike  on  which  the  Sixth  Corps  arrived; 
the  Taneytown  Road  running  through  the  center  of  the  battlefield;  the 
Cashtown  Road  on  which  the  battle  began;  the  Hanover,  the  York,  the 
Carlisle,  the  Mummasburg  and  the  Fairfield  Roads  used  by  the  Con 
federates  in  concentrating  for  the  battle. 

The  people  of  Gettysburg  were  suddenly  caught  between  the  con 
tending  armies  with  no  opportunity  to  get  away.  Most  of  them  remained 
at  home,  going  into  cellars  and  using  such  other  shelter  as  they  could  find. 
Some  of  the  men  shouldered  their  guns  and  joined  the  Union  ranks,  while 
the  more  courageous  women  aided  the  wounded  and  furnished  provisions 
to  the  "Boys  in  Blue." 

The  story  of  one  poor  widow  named  Wade  and  her  daughter 
Jennie  deserves  a  place  in  history  for  its  own  sake  and  as  an  illustration 
of  home  experiences  in  the  midst  of  belligerent  hostilities  and  bloody 
encounters.  The  Wades  lived  in  the  center  of  the  town  and  when  the 
Union  troops  began  to  arrive  toward  evening  on  June  30,  the  mother  and 
daughter  furnished  them  some  loaves  of  fresh  wheat  bread.  The  grati 
tude  of  the  soldiers  was  boundless,  and  their  appetites  insatiable.  The 
Wades  finding  an  outlet  for  their  patriotic  fervor  continued  the  good  work 
until  their  scanty  resources  were  exhausted.  Next  day,  July  1,  the  Union 
Army  was  driven  back  through  the  town,  causing  great  loss  of  life  and 
property.  The  Wades,  however,  undaunted  by  reverses  and  fearless 
where  others  quaked,  kept  on  with  their  bread-making. 

About  noon,  while  the  cannonballs  were  crashing  through  the  town, 
defiant  cheers  of  assault  and  repulse  were  heard  in  the  streets,  and  minie 


68  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

balls  were  flying  between  skirmishers  and  sharpshooters,  Jennie  Wade 
stood  at  a  table  in  the  kitchen  kneading  bread.  She  was  opposite  a 
closed  door  leading  into  the  front  room,  the  outside  door  of  which  was  on 
a  line,  so  that  when  the  door  next  to  her  was  open  she  could  see  out  into 
the  garden  without  moving.  While  in  this  position  a  minie  ball  from  a 
Rebel  sharpshooter  came  through  the  outside  door,  which  was  open, 
pierced  the  closed  door  near  which  Miss  Wade  stood,  and  passed  through 
her  body,  causing  instant  death. 

She  was  buried  in  the  garden  of  the  house,  and  several  years  after 
wards  her  body  was  taken  by  the  Women's  Relief  Corps  and  interred  in 
the  town  cemetery,  where  a  monument  was  erected  in  her  honor  with 
suitable  inscriptions,  preserving  for  posterity  an  account  of  her  death 
while  following  the  example  of  another  illustrious  woman  who  did  "what 
she  could." 

From  the  evening  of  July  3d  until  the  morning  of  July  5th,  the  61st 
in  the  front  line  occupied  Wolf's  Hill,  being  still  the  Union  right  where  the 
regimental  monument  now  stands. 

During  the  night  of  July  4th,  1863,  the  rebels  retreated  leaving  the 
Gettysburg  battlefield  in  possession  of  the  Union  Army  with  many  thousand 
of  their  wounded.  The  next  morning,  July  5th,  the  61st  with  the  6th 
Corps  started  in  pursuit,  passing  over  the  battlefield  from  the  Union  right 
at  Wolf's  Hill. 

The  route  was  over  the  northeasterly  slope  of  Little  Round  Top  near 
the  Devil's  Den,  diagonally  across  the  Wheatfield,  leaving  the  Peach 
Orchard  to  the  left ;  then  up  over  the  ground  occupied  by  the  rebel  center 
near  Lee's  headquarters  and  on  up  the  side  of  the  mountain,  Neill's  brigade 
being  in  advance  with  the  cavalry. 

What  the  eyes  beheld  passing  over  that  field  in  the  way  of  death  and 
destruction,  Union  and  Rebel,  cannot  be  described,  though  something  must 
be  said  about  the  Wheatfield.  This  piece  of  ground  which  produced  wheat 
that  year  for  the  last  time,  contained  about  twenty  acres  and  was  near 
the  center  of  the  Union  left,  nearly  half  a  mile  westerly  from  Little  Round 
Top.  The  ground  had  been  fought  over  back  and  forth  by  infantry, 
supported  by  artillery,  and  presented  a  most  appalling  spectacle.  The 
wounded  had  nearly  all  been  taken  away, but  the  dead  had  not  been  touched. 
They  lay  as  they  fell,  in  every  conceivable  position.  Sometimes  one  lay 
across  another  as  if  the  top  one  had  stooped  to  take  a  dying  message  and 
instantly  lost  his  life.  The  battle  wreckage  included  everything  belong 
ing  to  soldiers  afoot  or  on  horseback,  such  as  caps,  hats,  shoes,  coats,  guns, 
cartridge  and  cap  boxes,  belts,  canteens,  haversacks,  blankets,  tin  cups, 
horses,  saddles  and  swords.  Either  in  this  Wheatfield  or  nearby  we  saw 
where  a  battery  had  stood  in  the  midst  of  a  terrific  struggle.  One  gun 
was  dismounted,  a  caisson  had  exploded  and  we  noticed  one  place  where 
three  out  of  four  horses  belonging  to  a  gun  had  been  killed  and  lay  with 
their  harness  on, 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  69 

According  to  official  statistics  the  number  killed  at  Gettysburg  was 
2,834;  while  the  number  of  interments  in  the  National  Cemetery  is  3,575. 
The  wounded  numbered  13,709  and  the  missing  6,643,  making  a  total  loss 
of  23,186.  The  rebel  loss  is  placed  at  31,621,  aggregate  for  both  armies 
of  54,807.  The  loss  in  high  officers  on  both  sides  was  unprecedented. 
On  the  Union  side  no  less  than  twenty  generals  were  killed  or  wounded, 
counting  officers  below  the  rank  of  general,  but  holding  general's  commands 
of  brigades  and  divisions.  The  casualties  included  two  major  generals 
in  command  of  corps,  Reynolds  killed  and  Sickles  wounded,  losing  a  leg; 
while  hundreds  of  other  Union  officers  of  lower  rank  were  killed  or  wounded. 
The  rebels  lost  seventeen  generals,  three  were  killed,  thirteen  wounded 
and  one  captured.  The  only  loss  of  the  61st  was  two,  one  being  wounded 
and  the  other  taken  prisoner. 

Following  Lee's  retreating  army  July  5th  over  the  Blue  Ridge  Moun 
tains  by  the  Hamburg  and  High  Knob  passes,  the  61st  came  up  to  the 
Rebels  at  close  quarters  in  the  afternoon  and  had  a  running  fight  until 
after  dark.  On  the  6th,  the  skirmishing  was  continued  and  the  regi 
ment,  after  passing  Monterey  and  Waterloo,  camped  near  Waynesboro, 
where  on  the  7th  a  most  agreeable  surprise  awaited  the  weary  men  of  the 
61st,  which  is  described  by  J.  M.  Walker  of  Company  A  in  his  diary  as 
follows : — 

"At  Waynesboro  the  citizens,  men,  women  and  children,  formed  on 
the  sidewalks  and  handed  us  bread,  sliced  and  buttered,  cooked  meats, 
pies,  and  almost  everything  in  the  eatable  line  we  could  take  in  our  hands 
as  we  marched  by.  This  was  a  bright  spot  to  remain  fresh  in  the  soldiers' 
memory  through  life.  We  camped  near  the  town  and  the  citizens  sent  to 
Chambersburg  for  flour  and  baked  bread,  selling  to  us  at  the  lowest 
prices,  often  below  the  cost  of  the  flour,  besides  giving  us  large  quantities 
without  pay.  All  honor  to  Waynesboro." 

On  the  8th  the  Rebels,  having  crossed  Antietam  Creek,  made  two 
unsuccessful  efforts  to  destroy  the  bridge.  On  the  9th,  10th  and  llth 
the  61st  was  constantly  in  contact  with  the  enemy  except  when  sleeping 
at  night.  On  the  llth  the  regiment,  cooperating  with  some  militia,  moved 
to  Marsh  Creek  and  later  to  Leitersburg,  receiving  on  these  marches 
generous  and  grateful  treatment  from  the  citizens. 

On  July  12th  the  61st  with  the  6th  Corps  was  at  Funkstown  close  up 
to  the  Rebel  fortifications,  expecting  and  actually  hoping  for  an  order  to 
attack,  as  the  soldiers  then  believed  they  could  finish  the  invading  army 
if  given  an  opportunity.  No  order  for  any  advance  came  that  day,  and 
the  next  day  was  spent  in  drawing  the  Union  lines  closer  to  the  Rebels 
with  a  view  of  assaulting  on  the  following  morning,  but  in  the  night  of 
July  13th  the  Rebels  recrossed  the  Potomac  into  Virginia,  thus  ending 
the  second  great  invasion  of  the  north. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

RAPPAHANNOCK  STATION-MINE  RUN. 

"To  Major-General  Sedgwick,  and  the  officers 
and  men  of  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Corps  participating 
in  the  attack,  particularly  to  the  storming  under 
Brigadier-General  Russell,  his  thanks  are  due  for 
the  gallantry  displayed  in  the  assault  on  the  enemy's 
intrenched  position  at  Rappahannock  Station,  re 
sulting  in  the  capture  of  four  guns,  two  thousand 
small  arms,  eight  battle  flags,  one  bridge  train,  and 
sixteen  hundred  prisoners." 

Major-General  Meade's  Report, 

November  9th,  1863. 

On  July  14th,  1863,  the  61st,  with  the  army,  moved  in  pursuit  of  the 
rebels  from  'its  place  in  line  near  Funkstown  down  to  Williamsport,  but 
did  not  become  engaged.  The  next  day  the  regiment  moved  back  through 
Funkstown  to  Boonsboro,  the  heat  becoming  excessive,  and  cases  of 
sunstroke  were  reported.  But  the  heat  was  not  so  melting  as  it  was  on 
July  12th  at  Smith ville,  where  the  6th  corps  met  the  remnants  of  the  1st 
Corps  and  marched  with  that  heroic  body  of  men  who  had  fought  so 
desperately  to  save  the  day  at  Gettysburg.  On  that  day  sunstrokes  were 
frequent,  until  two  o'clock  when  a  terrific  thunderstorm  came  on  such 
as  the  army  never  saw  before  nor  after.  Huge  black  clouds  rose  from  the 
north,  west  and  south,  meeting  overhead  and  sending  down  incredible 
volumes  of  water,  until  the  sunken  road  on  which  the  troops  were  moving 
was  filled  waist-deep  with  a  raging  torrent. 

July  16th  the  61st  marched  through  Middletown,  passing  in  sight  of 
South  Mountain  battlefield,  camping  for  the  night  near  Berlin,  three 
miles  below  Harper's  Ferry.  On  the  morning  of  July  19th,  while  the 
bands  played  "Carry  Me  Back  to  Old  Virginia,"  the  61st,  with  the  6th 
Corps,  once  more  crossed  the  Potomac  into  the  Old  Dominion,  marching 
by  Lovettsville  to  Wheatland,  going  the  next  day  to  Uniontown,  and  by 
the  22d  reached  Upperville,  enjoying  on  the  way  "miles  of  blackberries," 
which  proved  good  medicine  for  the  soldiers,  exceeding  all  the  stores  of 
quinine. 

On  July  23d,  the  61st  was  detailed  as  train  guard,  camping  the  first 
night  at  White  Plains,  and  on  the  24th  the  regiment  was  attacked  by 
guerrillas,  who  soon  scampered  off  when  the  place  began  to  get  hot.  Leav 
ing  White  Plains  at  10  P.  M.  that  evening,  the  regiment  reached  New 
Baltimore  at  daylight  on  the  25th,  and  then  proceeded  to  Warrenton. 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  71 

This  train  guard  service  was  not  agreeable,  as  the  regiment  was  scattered 
in  small  detachments,  with  irregular  hours  for  sleep,  being  constantly 
disturbed  by  the  braying  of  hundreds  of  mules,  with  frequent  brawls 
among  the  drivers.  The  regiment  now  camped  near  Warrenton  Sulphur 
Springs,  an  ante-bellum  resort  with  attractive  and  interesting  surround 
ings. 

At  this  point  recruits  came  to  various  companies  of  the  61st,  and 
many  disabled  men  came  back  prepared  for  further  service.  The  spirit 
of  hopefulness  prevailing  in  the  army  at  this  time  was  never  changed, 
the  soldiers  being  more  and  more  convinced  that  the  rebels  could  not 
hold  out  long  against  the  mighty  forces  moving  against  them  from  the 
Gulf  States  to  the  Potomac  River.  Although  delays  and  disappoint 
ments  were  to  be  expected,  yet  the  men  felt  certain  that  ultimate  victory 
was  already  assured  and  they  were  not  seriously  disturbed  by  outbursts 
of  resentment  in  the  rear,  such  as  the  New  York  riots. 

On  the  morning  of  Aug.  6th,  1863,  while  near  Sulphur  Springs,  it 
was  learned  that  after  midnight  the  Vermont  brigade,  2nd  division,  6th 
corps,  had  been  ordered  to  New  York  to  aid  in  suppressing  riots  and 
enforcing  the  draft,  and  had  already  left  camp  for  the  metropolis.  This 
was  a  great  surprise  and  the  movement  was  significant,  indicating  con 
fidence  in  the  Vermonters  and  lack  of  it,  as  was  supposed,  in  the  New 
York  troops.  However,  there  was  in  fact  no  lack  of  confidence  in  the 
New  York  soldiers  in  the  field,  as  they  were  not  surpassed  in  devotion  or 
efficiency  by  any  other  troops,  but  the  situation  in  New  York  City  having 
become  one  of  national  concern,  it  was  considered  wiser  to  take  the  neces 
sary  force  from  other  states  to  avoid  any  local  embarrassment. 

When  these  Vermont  boys  returned  to  the  army,  September  16th, 
1863,  with  augmented  reputation,  they  received  a  spontaneous  welcome 
by  their  companions,  some  of  the  regiments  turning  out  and  presenting 
arms  as  the  Green  Mountain  men  filed  into  camp  at  Culpeper  court  house. 
One  thing  may  be  mentioned  here  about  the  6th  corps,  and  that  is  the 
number  of  times  it  was  called  upon  for  special  service.  In  the  Chancel- 
lorsville  Campaign  the  6th  Corps  had  a  separate  part  at  Marye's  Heights; 
it  furnished  the  troops  for  New  York  the  same  year;  to  repel  the  rebel 
General  Early  in  July,  1864,  one  of  its  divisions  was  sent  to  Baltimore, 
gaining  great  distinction  at  the  Battle  of  Monocacy  under  Gen.  Lew 
Wallace;  later  the  6th  Corps  furnished  the  troops  for  the  Battle  of  Fort 
Stevens  in  the  suburbs  of  Washington  July  12th,  1864,  the  corps  uniting 
afterwards  in  going  with  Sheridan  through  the  Shenandoah  Valley  Cam 
paign,  July  to  December,  1864;  and  at  the  last  the  6th  Corps,  after  Appo- 
mattox,  went  to  join  General  Sherman  at  Danville,  missing  the  grand 
review  in  Washington  and  having  a  separate  one  of  its  own  upon  its 
return,  after  most  of  the  troops  had  left  the  National  Capital. 

The  61st  remained  at  and  near  Sulphur  Springs  until  September  16th, 
1863,  when  the  regiment  moved,  with  the  corps,  to  Culpeper  court-house, 


72  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

a  march  which  sorely  taxed  the  new  recruits  recently  received.  Here 
the  regiment  remained  until  the  state  election  was  held  on  September 
28th,  when  nearly  all  voted  for  the  reelection  of  Gov.  A.  G.  Curtin,  whose 
triumphant  success  was  hailed  with  great  satisfaction  by  all  those  who 
wanted  the  war  prosecuted  vigorously. 

While  the  61st  was  at  Sulphur  Springs,  the  news  came  of  the  great 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  fought  Sept.  19th  and  20th,  1863,  in  which  the 
Union  Army  was  repulsed  and  compelled  to  move  back  to  Chattanooga 
on  the  Tennessee  River.  On  Sept.  23d  the  llth  and  12th  corps  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  with  their  artillery,  were  ordered  back  to  Wash 
ington,  whence  they  proceeded,  under  command  of  Gen.  Hooker,  to 
reinforce  Gen.  Rosecrans  at  Chattanooga.  The  force  thus  detached  from 
Meade's  army  to  the  west  destined  to  fight  above  the  clouds  on  Lookout 
Mountain,  numbered  23,000  men,  15  batteries  of  artillery,  700  vehicles 
and  6,000  horses  and  mules.  This  entire  force,  while  in  transit  by  train 
made  an  average  of  300  miles  per  day,  reaching  Stevenson,  Ala.,  Oct. 
3d,  just  one  week  after  the  troops  were  put  in  motion  near  the  Rapidan 
River  in  Virginia,  a  distance  of  over  1,200  miles. 

On  Oct.  5th,  the  61st  went  on  picket  to  the  Rapidan  River  at  the 
railroad  crossing,  where  neighborly  and  semi-peaceful  relations  were 
established  with  the  rebel  pickets  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  narrow  river 
and  kept  up  for  five  days.  In  the  evening  the  Union  bands  would  play 
"Yankee  Doodle,"  the  rebel  bands  would  reply  with  "Dixie,"  then  the 
Union  bands  would  play  "Dixie"  and  the  rebel  bands  "Yankee  Doodle." 

On  Oct.  ICth  the  regiment,  starting  in  the  night,  marched  to  Culpeper 
court  house,  and  the  next  day,  with  the  6th  Corps  and  the  whole  army, 
moved  back  across  the  Rappahannock  River  on  the  railroad  bridge,  camp 
ing  half  a  mile  north  of  that  stream.  On  Oct.  12th  the  regiment  again 
advanced  and  recrossed  the  river  with  the  6th  Corps  advancing  in  support 
of  the  cavalry  to  Brandy  Station.  At  midnight,  the  enemy  opening  fire, 
the  6th  Corps  fell  back,  again  crossing  the  Rappahannock,  this  time  on  a 
pontoon  bridge,  proceeding  to  Warrenton  Junction,  halting  for  the  night 
near  Bristoe  Station.  The  regiment,  having  been  on  the  move  three 
days  and  nights,  was  weary  on  the  evening  of  Oct.  13th,  aftes  marching 
25  miles  that  day;  many  of  the  new  recruits,  being  utterly  unable  to  keep 
up,  were  left  behind  and  some  were  captured. 

This  rapid  movement  of  the  army  was  to  meet  a  flank  advance  by 
the  enemy  toward  Washington  around  the  Union  right,  probably  a  feint 
to  conceal  the  fact  that  one-third  of  the  rebel  army  had  gone  to  the  west 
and  elsewhere.  The  whole  Union  Army  moved  back  to  Centerville,  tak 
ing  position  at  Bull  Run  and  Chantilly,  where  so  much  fighting  occurred 
in  1861-2.  On  Oct.  14th  the  61st  marched  by  Bristoe  Station,  going  over 
part  of  the  battlefield  of  Manassas  Junction,  proceeding  toward  Leesburg, 
four  "miles  from  Centerville,  where  the  regiment  supported  the  picket  line, 
not  being  permitted  to  make  any  fires  to  cook  rations. 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  73 

At  Bristoe  Station  on  this  day,  Oct.  14th,  the  2d  Corps,  under  Gen. 
Warren,  acting  as  rear  guard,  had  a  brisk  fight  with  about  half  of  the 
rebel  army,  in  which  the  Union  commander  showed  great  skill  in  handl 
ing  his  men.  The  rebels  were  repulsed,  Gen.  Warren  retiring  after  dark 
across  Broad  Run,  marching  all  night  and  crossing  Bull  Run  at  Black 
burn's  Ford  in  the  morning,  having  marched  25  miles  in  24  hours,  fighting 
a  successful  battle  on  the  way.  The  Union  loss  at  Bristoe  and  Auburn, 
not  far  away,  was  30  officers,  403  men,  killed  and  wounded,  the  rebel  loss 
being  782,  of  whom  about  400  were  taken  prisoners  by  General  Warren's 
force. 

On  Oct.  15th  the  regiment,  with  the  6th  Corps,  was  in  line  of  battle 
at  the  junction  of  the  Centerville  and  Leesburg  Road  with  the  road  from 
Fairfax  to  Aldie,  not  far  from  the  Chantilly  battlefield,  and  where  from 
elevated  points  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington  could  be  seen. 
Here  the  61st  remained  with  the  corps  four  days,  most  of  the  time  on 
picket  and  all  of  the  time  with  orders  to  be  ready  to  move  on  a  moment's 
notice.  On  the  19th  the  61st  moved  to  Gainesville,  the  next  day  going 
to  New  Baltimore  and  the  day  following  to  Warrenton,  doing  picket 
duty  on  short  rations  until  some  "hard  tack"  came  up,  bringing  joy  to 
hungry,  tired,  sleepy  men.  The  regiment  moved  in  the  night,  going  into 
camp  Oct.  22d  on  some  hills  south  of  Warrenton,  where  a  grand  view 
was  obtained  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  and  of  a  beautiful  river  which, 
in  the  state  of  bewilderment  after  so  many  rapid  marches  in  various  direc 
tions  by  day  and  night,  was  not  at  first  recognized  as  the  Rappahannock. 
The  soldiers  were  dazed,  like  men  tossed  up  in  a  blanket  and  tumbled 
about  until  "longitude  and  latitude  were  shook  out  of  them."  The 
rebels  had  retreated  behind  the  Rapidan. 

In  this  vicinity  the  regiment  remained  over  two  weeks,  having  a 
rigid  inspection  on  Sunday,  Nov.  1st,  and  a  review  by  Gen.  Sedgwick  on 
Wednesday,  Nov.  4th.  Experienced  soldiers  dislike  inspection  and  re 
views  as  much  as  children  hate  to  have  their  faces  washed. 

Nov.  7th  the  61st,  with  the  6th  Corps,  marched  from  Warrenton  to 
a  point  near  Rappahannock  Station  in  sight  of  the  enemy  in  a  strong 
entrenched  position  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad.  The  rebel  force  consisted  of  1950  men, 
part  of  Gen.  Early's  division,  with  four  pieces  of  artillery,  the  whole 
rebel  army  being  nearby  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rappahannock.  Gen. 
Howe's  2d  division,  6th  Corps,  to  which  the  61st  belonged,  drove  the 
enemy's  skirmishers  from  the  high  ground  on  the  right  of  the  rebel  works, 
establishing  batteries  and  opening  fire,  commanding  the  river  and  the 
rebel  pontoon  bridges  leading  to  the  south  side.  The  same  thing  was 
done  on  the  left  of  the  rebel  position  by  a  part  of  the  5th  Corps  so  as  to 
cut  off  the  rebel  reinforcements.  The  place  was  then  vigorously  bom 
barded  by  the  Union  artillery,  but  the  garrison  lay  low,  receiving  but 
little  injury.  Toward  evening  Gen.  Sedgwick,  then  in  command  of  both 


74  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

the  5th  and  6th  Corps,  planned  an  assault  on  the  rebel  works  to  be  made 
by  the  1st  division  6th  corps,  under  Gen.  David  A.  Russell,  supported 
by  the  2d  division  on  the  right  and  the  5th  corps  on  the  left.  The  1st 
division  was  moved  along  the  railroad  up  close  to  the  works  when  definite 
arrangements  were  made  for  the  assault.  The  5th  Wise,  and  6th  Me. 
of  the  3d  brigade  formed  the  main  storming  column  to  move  against  the 
redoubts,  their  line  being  no  longer  than  the  rebel  works  to  be  taken. 
The  49th  and  119th  Pa.  supported  this  storming  column.  The  5th  Me. 
and  121st  N.  Y  assaulted  the  rebel  rifle  pits  on  the  right,  being  supported 
by  the  95th  and  96th  Pa.  The  5th  Wise,  and  the  6th  Me.  were  com 
manded  by  Colonels  Ellmaker  and  Upton.  About  dark  the  whole  force 
moved  forward,  aiding  the  storming  columns.  The  two  regiments  from 
Wisconsin  and  Maine,  the  west  and  the  east,  led  by  their  gallant  colonels, 
proceeded  in  magnificent  order,  never  stopping  nor  hesitating  until  they 
swept  over  the  rebel  works,  capturing  all  the  defenders,  with  their  four 
pieces  of  artillery,  the  supporting  regiments,  49th  and  119th  Pa.,  being 
on  hand  to  hold  the  fort  and  help  take  care  of  the  prisoners.  The  other 
assaulting  force  was  also  successful,  carrying  the  rifle  pits  and  capturing 
prisoners. 

This  charge  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  feats  of  the  war,  reflecting 
great  credit  on  Gen.  Russell  and  his  two  brave  colonels  and  the  gallant 
and  fearless  troops.  Gen.  Russell  says  the  number  of  his  troops  actually 
engaged  was  2,117,  these  capturing  the  fortifications  defended  by  1,950 
men,  with  four  cannons.  The  official  report  shows  the  Union  troops 
captured  four  cannon,  103  officers,  1,200  men,  1,225  stands  of  small 
arms  and  seven  battle  flags,  some  of  the  rebels  escaping  by  swimming 
the  river,  while  others  were  drowned. 

The  next  day,  Nov.  8th,  the  61st,  with  the  6th  Corps,  advanced 
again  to  Brandy  Station,  the  rebel  army  having  retreated  across  the 
Rapidan  River.  On  the  9th  the  61st  moved  toward  the  left  and  rear  in 
support  of  the  3d  corps,  then  having  a  hot  time  with  the  rebels,  but  the 
61st  saw  no  fighting  and  later  marched  up  near  Germanna  Ford  on  the 
Rapidan.  Later  the  61st,  with  the  6th  Corps,  camped  near  Brandy 
Station  on  the  plantation  of  John  Minor  Botts,  a  prominent  Virginian, 
who  claimed  to  own  600  miles  of  fence  which,  he  said,  disappeared  at  the 
rate  of  100  miles  a  day  while  the  Yankees  occupied  his  premises.  His 
forests  disappeared  with  his  fences,  leaving  a  vast  stretch  of  desolation. 

Gen.  Meade  now  prepared  for  an  advance  of  his  whole  army  against 
the  rebel  right  toward  Orange  court  house,  through  part  of  the  region 
fought  over  a  year  later  under  Gen.  Grant.  This  movement  began  on 
the  night  of  Nov.  26th,  the  6th  Corps,  except  the  artillery,  crossing  the 
Rapidan  at  Jacob's  Ford  and  going  to  Robertson's  Tavern.  On  the 
27th  the  regiment  moved  to  the  right  on  obscure  roads  leading  toward 
Mine  Run,  being  under  fire  the  28th  and  29th.  In  the  night  of  the  29th 
the  61st,  with  the  6th  Corps,  moved  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  army, 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  75 

taking  pains  to  make  no  noise,  and  by  daylight,  on  the  30th  the  6th  Corps 
was  massed  in  column,  brigade  front,  for  a  charge,  after  laying  aside  knap 
sacks  and  overcoats  where  the  men  had  any  of  the  latter.  The  weather 
was  very  cold,  the  ground  frozen  and  a  strong  wind  prevailed,  driving  the 
snow  into  the  men's  faces. 

According  to  an  order  of  which  the  soldiers  were  then  ignorant,  Gen. 
Sedgwrick,  with  the  5th  and  6th  Corps,  was  to  assault  the  left  of  the  enemy's 
entrenchments  on  the  west  side  of  Mine  Run  at  nine  o'clock  A.  M.,  Nov. 
30th,  and  Gen.  Warren,  with  the  1st  and  3d  Corps  was  to  assault  the 
enemy's  right,  the  points  of  attack  being  nearly  five  miles  apart.  The 
Union  artillery  was  to  open  at  eight  o'clock.  As  before  stated,  the  61st, 
with  the  6th  Corps,  took  position  at  the  point  to  be  attacked — stripped 
for  a  charge — soon  after  daybreak.  At  the  appointed  time  the  artillery 
opened  and  the  enemy  promptly  returned  the  fire.  The  men  of  the  6th 
Corps  stood  in  line  shivering  and  hoping  for  an  order  to  move  forward; 
being  unable  to  endure  the  cold,  they  preferred  to  fight  rather  than  freeze. 
Ten  minutes  before  nine  o'clock,  the  time  appointed  for  the  attack,  the 
corps  was  ordered  back  and  the  charge  was  abandoned.  General  Warren, 
finding  an  attack  impracticable  on  the  Union  left,  where  he  was,  suspended 
operations,  sending  word  to  General  Meade,  who  then,  in  the  nick  of  time, 
stopped  the  6th  Corps. 

These  experiences  marches  and  counter-marches,  day  and  night,  in 
rain  and  snow,  especially  the  long  wait  in  the  morning  of  Nov.  30th,  with 
the  thermometer  at  zero,  are  among  the  severest  trials  of  the  61st.  While 
the  men  were  waiting  in  line,  slips  of  paper  were  passed  to  each  one,  with 
request  that  his  name,  company  and  regiment,  be  written  thereon  as  a 
means  of  identification  in  case  of  death  in  the  forthcoming  charge.  Some 
complied,  pinning  the  slips  to  the  lapel  of  their  coats  or  fastening  them  on 
their  caps  under  their  badges,  while  others  threw  the  slips  away,  saying 
they  did  not  expect  to  get  killed  and  if  they  did  Uncle  Sam  had  their 
records  at  Washington  in  a  form  more  durable  than  a  mere  pencil  memo 
randum. 

On  the  night  of  Dec.  1st  the  Union  Army  recrossed  to  the  north  side 
of  the  Rapidan,  the  whole  campaign  being  abandoned.  The  61st  sustained 
no  loss;  the  army  had  a  loss  of  500  killed,  wrounded  and  missing,  including 
some  men  frozen  to  death  at  their  posts  on  picket. 

Returning  to  the  vicinity  of  Brandy  Station,  the  61st,  with  Neill's 
brigade,  to  which  it  belonged,  went  into  winter  quarters  Dec.  3d,  near 
Welford's  Ford,  where  it  remained  until  May  4th,  1864,  except  a  recon 
naissance  Feb.  27th,  to  March  2d.  During  this  winter  the  regiment 
received  many  new  recruits  and  men  absent  through  temporary  disability 
returned,  bringing  up  the  numerical  strength  to  something  like  a  full 
regiment.  Lieut.  Col.  George  W.  Dawson,  in  April,  1864,  resigned,  and 
Major  John  W.  Crosby  was  made  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Capt.  Robt.  L. 
Orr,  being  later  promoted  to  Major. 


76  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  61st  took  part  in  the  movement  described  by  Stevens,  the  6th 
Corps  historian,  as  follows:— 

"The  only  military  movement  of  the  winter  was  Kilpatrick's  great 
raid  upon  Richmond,  in  which  the  lamented  Dahlgren  lost  his  life. 

"Simultaneous  with  this  great  raid,  General  Custer,  with  a  division 
of  cavalry,  made  a  movement  on  Charlottesville,  and  the  6th  Corps  was 
ordered  to  move  in  that  direction  as  support  to  the  cavalry.  On  Satur 
day,  February  27th,  the  corps,  leaving  its  camp  and  sick  in  charge  of  a 
small  guard,  marched  through  Culpepper  and  proceeded  to  James  City, 
a  Virginia  city  of  two  or  three  houses,  where  the  bivouac  for  the  night  was 
made.  Next  morning  the  corps  marched  slowly  to  Robertson's  River, 
within  three  miles  of  Madison  Court  House,  the  New  Jersey  brigade  alone 
crossing  the  river  and  proceeding  as  far  as  the  latter  village.  Here  the 
corps  lay  all  the  following  day,  and  as  the  weather  was  pleasant,  the  men 
passed  the  time  in  sports  and  games,  but  at  evening  a  cold  storm  of  rain 
set  in,  continuing  all  night  and  the  next  day,  to  the  great  discomfort  of 
all.  Custer' s  cavalry  returned  at  evening  of  the  1st  of  March,  looking 
in  a  sorry  plight  from  their  long  ride  in  the  mud.  Reveille  sounded  at 
five  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  March  2d,  and  at  seven  the  corps  turned 
toward  the  old  camp,  at  which  it  arrived  after  a  severe  march  through 
the  mud,  at  sunset  the  same  day." 

The  army  had  five  months  of  camp  life,  in  which  everything  practicable 
was  done  to  put  it  in  good  condition  for  what  yet  remained  to  carry  the 
war  to  a  successful  termination.  Many  men  reenlisted  "veteranized," 
as  they  called  it,  each  getting  a  furlough  of  thirty  days.  These  reen 
listed  men  were  among  the  very  best  soldiers  in  the  army,  and  when  the 
regiment  was  reduced  by  losses  and  expiration  of  term  of  enlistment,  the 
veterans  became  the  commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers,  serving 
with  marked  fidelity  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

Referring  to  the  winter  of  1863-4  at  Brandy  Station,  the  historian 
Stevens  says: — 

"The  Christian  Commission,  among  other  good  things  which  it  did 
for  the  soldiers,  and,  indeed,  this  was  among  the  best,  made  arrangements 
by  which  it  loaned  to  nearly  every  brigade  in  the  army,  a  large  canvas, 
to  be  used  as  a  roof  for  a  brigade  chapel.  These  chapels  were  built  of 
logs  and  covered  with  the  canvas,  and  were  in  many  cases  large  enough 
to  hold  three  hundred  people.  Here  religious  services  were  held,  not  only 
on  Sunday,  but  also  on  week  day  evenings.  A  deep  religious  interest 
prevailed  in  many  of  the  brigades,  and  great  numbers  of  soldiers  professed 
to  have  met  with  a  change  of  heart.  On  New  Year's  day  Wheaton's 
brigade,  of  the  Third  Division,  had  been  sent  to  Harper's  Ferry,  to  meet 
an  anticipated  advance  of  the  enemy  through  the  valley;  and  about  the 
same  time  Shaler's  brigade,  of  the  same  division,  was  sent  to  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  to  guard  prisoners  of  war.  The  enemy  made  no  raid  to  the  Ferry 
and  the  prisoners  maintained  the  most  perfect  order.  So  Wheaton  and 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  77 

his  Pennsylvanians,  and  Shaler,  with  his  New  Yorkers  and  Pennsyl- 
vanians,  spent  a  merry  winter,  in  comfortable  quarters,  with  little  picket 
ing,  leaving  Eustis,  with  his  Massachusetts  men  and  his  single  Rhode 
Island  regiment,  sole  representatives  of  the  division.  But,  as  the  time  for 
opening  the  new  campaign  approached,  the  two  brigades  were  recalled, 
except  the  two  Pennsylvania  regiments  of  Shaler's  brigade,  and  once  more 
the  corps  united.  The  returning  brigades,  though  somewhat  inclined  to 
prefer  campaigning  in  the  North  to  fighting  in  the  South,  were,  never 
theless,  ready  to  follow  with  spirit  and  zeal  such  soldiers  as  Wheaton  and 
Shaler. 

"Our  corps  were  reviewed  by  General  Grant;  by  the  Russian  admiral 
and  suite,  who,  for  the  amusement  of  the  soldiers,  performed  some  most 
ludicrous  feats  in  horsemanship ;  and  by  a  body  of  English  soldiers.  Never 
had  such  general  good  health  prevailed  among  our  corps,  and  never  were 
the  men  so  well  contented  or  in  such  good  spirits." 

As  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  is  to  start  now  on  its  last  campaign,  the 
most  sanguinary  and  the  most  celebrated  in  its  history,  in  which  no  back 
ward  step  is  to  be  taken  until  Lee  surrenders  at  Appomattox,  it  is  proper 
to  give  a  brief  description  of  that  part  of  Virginia  where  the  vast  operations 
are  to  occur.  Grant  was  to  go  to  Appomattox  by  Spottsylvania,  Cold 
Harbor  and  Petersburg,  the  total  distance  being  about  200  miles.  Refer 
ring  to  the  region  between  Culpeper  and  Richmond,  the  Count  of  Paris 
says : — 

"The  country  is  undulating,  covered  with  old  forests  or  young  pine 
trees,  the  only  produce  that  a  soil,  exhausted  by  the  cultivation  of  the 
tobacco  plant,  is  now  able  to  bring  forth ;  the  population  is  thinly  scattered ; 
the  soil,  clayey  and  impermeable,  is  easily  converted  by  the  action  of 
vehicles  into  mud,  both  soft  and  sticky,  which  was  to  be  one  of  the  most 
formidable  enemies  to  the  armies  having  to  campaign  in  Virginia;  a 
multitude  of  water  courses  wind  among  the  wooded  ravines,  between 
hillocks,  the  highest  of  which  have  been  for  the  most  part  cleared;  all 
these  water  courses  finally  form  two  rivers,  the  Rappahannock  and  the 
York,  which  run  in  a  parallel  course  toward  the  Potomac,  and,  like  the 
latter,  fall  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay." 

There  were  no  turn-pikes  and  few  good  roads  even  in  summer.  Only 
two  railroads  ran  from  the  Potomac  to  Richmond,  one  starting  at  Acquia 
Creek  and  passing  through  Fredericksburg,  and  the  other  starting  at 
Alexandria  and  going  by  way  of  Gordonsville.  Grant  had  to  cross  the 
Rapidan,  the  North  Anna,  the  Mattapony,  the  Pumunkey,  the  Chicka- 
hominy,  the  James,  the  Appomattox,  and  many  smaller  streams,  all  of 
which  he  was  compelled  to  bridge  and  some  he  crossed  many  times  in  the 
various  operations.  The  months  of  June,  July  and  August,  1864,  were 
excessively  hot,  and  from  the  North  Anna,  to  Petersburg  the  water  was 
generally  bad,  coming  from  marshy  pools,  sluggish  streams  and  old  wells. 


78  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

After  the  victory  at  Missionary  Ridge,  Grant  was  recognized  by  the 
government  and  people  as  the  leading  Union  general.  His  career  from 
Belmont,  in  November,  1861,  to  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary 
Ridge,  in  the  same  month,  1863,  had  exhibited  courage,  skill,  versatility, 
energy,  loyalty  to  superiors,  firmness  of  purpose,  with  ability  to  acquire 
and  hold  the  confidence  of  officers  and  men.  When  Congress  met  in 
December,  1863,  it  was  understood  that  a  new  grade  would  be  provided 
for  Grant,  and  it  was  rumored  he  would  become  the  commander  of  all  the 
Union  armies.  On  February  29th,  1864,  an  act  was  passed  reviving  the 
grade  of  Lieutenant  General,  and  President  Lincoln  the  next  day  ap 
pointed  Ulysses  S.  Grant  to  the  office,  and  the  Senate  confirmed  this 
appointment  the  succeeding  day.  On  March  ICth,  1864,  General  Halleck 
was  relieved  from  duty  as  General-in-chief  and  became  thereafter  Chief- 
of-Staff  of  the  army.  On  the  same  day  Grant  was  assigned  by  the  Presi 
dent  to  command  all  the  "armies  of  the  United  States,"  headquarters  in 
Washington,  and  "with  General  Grant  in  the  field." 

Grant  established  his  field  headquarters  at  Culpeper  Court  House, 
March  26th,  1864,  and  remained  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until 
Lee  surrendered  at  Appomattox.  The  Union  Army  then  numbered, 
including  Burnside's  9th  Corps  and  the  cavalry  corps,  about  140,000  men. 
Gen.  Hancock  commanded  the  2d  Corps,  Warren  the  5th,  Sedgwick  the 
6th,  Burnside  the  9th,  and  Sheridan  the  Cavalry  Corps. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

WILDERNESS-SPOTTSYLVANIA. 


"There  were  features  of  the  battle  of  the  Wilder 
ness  which  have  never  been  matched  in  the  annals 
of  warfare.  For  two  days  nearly  200,000  veteran 
troops  had  struggled  in  a  death-grapple,  confronted 
at  each  step  with  almost  every  obstacle  by  which 
nature  could  bar  their  path,  and  groping  their  way 
through  a  tangled  forest  the  impenetrable  gloom  of 
which  could  be  likened  only  to  the  shadow  of  death. 
The  undergrowth  stayed  their  progress,  the  upper 
growth  shut  out  the  light  of  heaven.  Officers  could 
rarely  see  their  troops  for  any  considerable  distance, 
for  smoke  clouded  the  vision,  and  a  heavy  sky 
obscured  the  sun.  Directions  were  ascertained  and 
lines  established  by  means  of  the  pocket-compass, 
and  a  change  of  position  often  presented  an  opera 
tion  more  like  a  problem  of  ocean  navigation  than 
a  question  of  military  maneuvers.  It  was  the  sense 
of  sound  and  of  touch  rather  than  the  sense  of  sight 
which  guided  the  movements.  It  was  a  battle  with 
the  ear,  and  not  with  the  eye.  All  circumstances 
seemed  to  combine  to  make  the  scene  one  of  un 
utterable  horror.  At  times  the  wind  howled 
through  the  treetops,  mingling  its  groans  with  the 
groans  of  the  dying,  and  heavy  branches  were  cut 
off  by  the  fire  of  the  artillery,  and  fell  crashing  upon 
the  heads  of  the  men,  adding  a  new  terror  to  battle. 
Forest  fires  raged ;  ammunition  trains  exploded ;  the 
dead  were  roasted  in  the  conflagration ;  the  wounded 
roused  by  its  hot  breath,  dragged  themselves  along, 
with  their  torn  and  mangled  limbs,  in  the  mad 
energy  of  despair,  to  escape  the  ravages  of  the 
flames;  and  every  bush  seemed  hung  with  shreds 
of  blood-stained  clothing.  It  was  as  though 
Christian  men  had  turned  to  fiends,  and  hell  itself 
had  usurped  the  place  of  earth." 

General  Horace  Porter. 
In  " Campaigning  with  Grant" 


80  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

President  Lincoln  on  March  9th,  1864,  in  presenting  Gen.  Grant's 
commission  as  Lieutenant  General,  said: — "The  nation's  appreciation 
of  what  you  have  done  and  its  reliance  upon  you  for  what  remains  to  be 
done  in  the  existing  great  struggle,  are  now  presented  with  this  com 
mission  constituting  you  lieutenant  general  in  the  armies  of  the  United 
States.  With  this  high  honor  devolves  upon  you  a  corresponding  re 
sponsibility.  As  the  country  herein  trusts  you,  so,  under  God,  it  will 
sustain  you." 

Gen.  Grant  was  then  invested  with  supreme  command  of  all  the 
Union  Armies,  numbering  in  the  aggregate  533,000  men,  present  for  duty, 
of  whom  116,000  were  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  counting  the  2d, 
5th,  6th  and  9th  corps  of  infantry  and  the  cavalry  corps  of  13,000  men. 
This  army  had  49  batteries  of  field  artillery,  with  274  guns,  also  had  six 
20-pound  parrotts  and  eight  24-pound  coehorns,  and  the  army  had  over 
4,000  vehicles  of  all  kinds. 

While  Gen.  Grant  was  to  be  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and 
direct  its  operations,  he  retained  Gen.  Meade  as  a  useful  subordinate 
commander  of  that  army,  and  its  movements  were  made  under  orders 
from  Meade's  headquarters.  Among  other  instructions  given  to  Meade, 
Gen.  Grant  said,  "Lee's  army  is  to  be  your  objective  point;  wherever  that 
goes  you  must  go."  The  rebel  army  at  that  time  lay  behind  its  intrench- 
ments  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rapidan  River,  extending  from  Barnett's 
Ford  about  five  miles  above  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad  crossing 
of  that  river  down  to  the  vicinity  of  Morton's  Ford,  a  distance  from  Lee's 
right  to  left  of  eighteen  miles,  with  rebel  headquarters  at  Orange  Court 
House,  seventy  miles  from  Richmond. 

History  having  fully  justified  the  wisdom  of  Grant's  plan  of  cam 
paign,  it  will  be  interesting  to  note  briefly  how  the  initial  movements  were 
effected  as  bearing  on  the  illustrious  record  of  the  61st,  whose  ranks  were 
to  be  thinned  at  every  fight.  The  campaign  was  to  last  eleven  months, 
ending  with  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox;  it  was  to  exhibit  the 
best  Union  offensive  generalship  and  the  best  Confederate  defensive 
generalship,  both  of  their  kind  being  as  great  as  can  be  found  in  the  annals 
of  any  war. 

The  official  order  for  the  first  advance  against  the  rebels  was  dated 
at  the  headquarters  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  May  2d,  1864.  This 
document  of  1,700  words  provided  among  other  things  for  the  movement 
of  the  cavalry  on  May  3d  and  of  the  infantry  and  artillery  on  May  4th, 
the  starting  time  being  fixed  for  each  corps.  The  paragraph  relating  to 
the  6th  Corps  reads  as  follows: — 

"4.  Major-General  Sedgwick,  commanding  Sixth  Corps,  will  move 
at  4  A.  M.  on  the  4th  inst...  by  way  of  Stevensburg  and  the  Germanna 
plank-road  to  Germanna  Ford,  following  the  Fifth  Corps,  and  after  cross 
ing  the  Rapidan  will  bivouac  on  the  heights  beyond.  The  canvas  pontoon 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  81 

train  will  be  taken  up  as  soon  as  the  troops  of  the  Sixth  Corps  have  crossed, 
and  will  follow  immediately  in  rear  of  the  troops  of  that  corps. 

"So  much  of  the  bridge  train  of  the  Sixth  Corps  as  may  be  necessary 
to  bridge  the  Rapidan  at  Culpeper  Mine  Ford  will  proceed  to  Richards- 
ville  in  rear  of  the  reserve  artillery,  and  as  soon  as  it  is  ascertained  that  the 
reserve  artillery  are  crossing,  it  will  move  to  Culpeper  Mine  Ford,  where 
the  bridge  will  be  established. 

"The  engineers  of  this  bridge  train  will  at  once  open  a  road  from 
Culpeper  Mine  Ford  direct  to  Richardsville." 

Another  paragraph  of  the  order  will  be  read  with  interest: — 

"10.  The  infantry  troops  will  take  with  them  fifty  rounds  of  ammuni 
tion  upon  the  person,  three  days'  full  rations  in  the  haversacks,  three  days' 
bread  and  small  rations  in  the  knapsacks,  and  three  days'  beef  on  the 
hoof." 

The  6th  corps,  from  ten  states,  then  consisted  of  49  regiments,  of 
which  Pennsylvania  furnished  14,  New  York  10,  New  Jersey  7,  Vermont 
6,  Massachusetts  3,  Maine  3,  Ohio  3,  Rhode  Island  1,  Maryland  1,  Wis 
consin  1.  The  corps  had  1046  officers,  23,117  men  and  49  guns.  From 
these  figures  it  appears  the  regiments  on  an  average  were  only  half  full, 
each  having  in  round  numbers  500  officers  and  men.  One  reason  assigned 
by  Gen.  Sheridan  for  the  great  efficiency  of  the  6th  corps  was  the  unusual 
number  of  regular  army  officers  it  contained.  Sedgwick,  Wright,  Getty, 
Ricketts,  Russell,  Wheaton,  Neill  and  others  were  West  Point  graduates. 
The  number  in  old  regiments,  aside  from  sickness  and  losses  in  battle, 
constantly  varied  as  disabled  men  returned  to  duty  and  new  recruits 
arrived  to  fill  up  the  depleted  ranks. 

In  accordance  with  the  order  quoted,  the  61st,  with  the  6th  Corps, 
moved  at  4  A.  M.,  May  4th,  1864,  from  winter  quarters  near  Brandy 
Station  by  Stevensburg  to  Germanna  Ford  on  the  Rapidan  River  where 
that  stream  was  crossed  on  pontoon  bridges.  The  head  of  the  corps 
moved  that  day  three  miles  into  the  Wilderness  along  the  Germanna 
plank-road,  making  19  miles,  while  the  rear  stopped  after  crossing  the 
river,  having  marched  16  miles.  This  was  a  hard  march  after  so  long  a 
time  in  camp,  and  the  soldiers  were  obliged  to  throw  away  many  articles 
acquired  during  the  winter,  which  they  could  not  possibly  carry,  and  there 
was  no  way  to  send  them  home.  The  road  was,  therefore,  strewn  with 
military  equipment  such  as  blankets,  extra  clothing,  including  shoes, 
hats,  books,  portfolios  and  other  things,  some  of  which  had  endearing 
associations. 

The  5th  corps,  under  Gen.  Warren,  was  ahead  of  the  6th  corps,  and 
on  the  morning  of  May  5th  Warren's  troops  encountered  the  enemy 
coming  down  the  Orange  turnpike,  and  at  the  same  time  it  was  reported 
rebel  troops  were  coming  on  the  Orange  plank-road  near  Parker's  store. 
Thereupon  Getty's  2d  division  of  the  6th  crops — except  Neill's  brigade, 
to  which  the  61st  belonged — was  detached  from  the  6th  corps  and  sent 


82  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

over  to  Warren's  left  to  the  intersection  of  the  Brock  Road  and  the  Orange 
Court  House  plank-road,  the  2d  division  remaining  in  that  vicinity,  under 
Gen.  Hancock,  during  the  entire  battle  and  not  at  any  time  operating 
with  the  6th  corps.  At  the  same  time  the  2d  division  was  so  detached, 
the  6th  corps,  that  is  Gen.  Wright's  1st  division  and  Neill's  brigade,  the 
balance  of  the  corps  being  back  guarding  the  Germanna  Ford  crossing 
until  relieved  by  forces  from  Gen.  Burnside's  9th  corps,  were  ordered  to 
form  on  the  right  of  Warren's  5th  corps.  In  order  to  reach  this  position, 
the  6th  corps  turned  to  the  right  at  Spottswood's  and  proceeded  westerly 
toward  the  Orange  Court  House  Turnpike,  forming  the  right  of  the  Union 
line  of  battle.  In  this  movement  through  the  woods,  the  61st  was  in  the 
front  line,  receiving  the  first  fire  from  the  rebels  when  the  regiment,  with 
other  troops,  advanced  in  line  of  battle,  the  enemy  gradually  retiring. 
Finally,  about  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  May  5th,  the  6th  corps  got  into 
position,  Neill's  brigade  being  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  line  until  later 
in  the  afternoon,  when  Gen.  Seymour's  brigade  of  the  3d  division  6th 
corps,  came  up  and  formed  on  the  right  of  Neill.  Soon  after  the  61st, 
with  Neill's  brigade,  got  into  position,  the  rebels  attacked,  and  the  battle 
raged  for  two  hours,  the  enemy  being  repulsed  and  Neill's  brigade  captur 
ing  some  prisoners.  Major  Crosby,  of  the  61st,  and  Capt.  William  M. 
Dawson,  Company  G,  were  wounded  in  this  encounter.  About  three 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  cannon-ball  crashed  through  the  woods  and 
struck  Sergeant  Joseph  Seville  of  Company  F  in  the  face,  taking  his  head 
off,  the  body  still  remaining  upright  for  a  perceptible  time  after  the  head 
was  gone.  The  fight  was  fierce  and  at  close  range,  the  rebels  having  some 
artillery  in  the  open  ground  of  a  farm,  but  the  6th  corps  could  use  none. 
About  4:30  P.  M.  the  firing  slackened  and  half  an  hour  later  Neill's  brigade 
and  Seymour's  assaulted  the  rebel  intrenchments  in  their  front,  with 
heavy  loss  and  no  real  advantage.  The  rebels,  under  cover,  sustaining 
little  damage  themselves,  shot  down  the  Union  soldiers  as  they  struggled 
through  the  brush  and  over  the  obstructions,  until  Gen.  Neill  ordered 
the  attack  to  stop,  and  Seymour  soon  ordered  his  men  back.  After  6 
o'clock  the  rebels,  being  reinforced,  made  another  attack  on  Neill's  brigade, 
continuing  their  fire  until  after  dark,  but  they  were  repulsed  at  all  points 
with  heavy  loss.  In  this  assault  Col.  J.  Warren  Keifer,  afterwards  Briga 
dier  General  and  commander  of  a  division  in  the  6th  corps,  was  wounded. 
The  men  of  the  61st  fired  about  100  rounds  apiece,  their  Springfield  rifles 
getting  too  hot  to  hold  where  the  hand  came  in  contact  with  the  barrel. 
In  this  part  of  the  fight  Col.  George  F.  Smith  displayed  great  courage, 
wiping  out  a  slight  stain  of  cowardice  which  some  one  had  unjustly  put 
upon  him.  After  sending  his  horse  to  the  rear,  he  remained  with  the 
men  on  the  firing  line  throughout  the  day. 

One  feature  of  this  fight  was  disagreeable  in  the  extreme,  and  that 
was  in  many  places  the  rebels  could  not  be  seen,  and  it  was  impossible  to 
tell  what  effect  the  61st's  fire  had  on  their  antagonists;  besides,  the  rebel 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  83 

batteries,  out  of  sight,  enfiladed  Neill's  brigade.  The  underbrush  was 
thick  and  matted  together  with  vines,  through  which  the  rebel  bullets 
came  in  showers.  The  woods  caught  fire  nearly  all  along  the  line,  the 
smoke  and  flames  adding  to  the  obscurity,  but  not  stopping  the  fight. 
The  ground  was  furrowed  by  deep  ravines,  with  sparkling  rivulets  all 
uniting  lower  down  in  a  small  creek  called  Wilderness  Run,  which  flows 
toward  the  Rapidan  and  is  crossed  by  Germanna  plank-road  near  Wilder 
ness  Tavern. 

While  the  battle  raged  along  the  line  of  the  6th  corps,  the  fighting 
extended  to  the  left  nearly  five  miles,  at  times  reaching  over  to  the  un 
finished  railroad,  where  it  crosses  the  Brock  Road.  But  little  artillery 
was  used,  the  roar  of  musketry,  the  rebel  yells  and  Union  cheers  furnish 
ing  the  only  sound,  which  at  times  rose  to  sublimity  and  then  sunk  to  a 
hoarse  mutter  as  firing  lessened  or  the  combatants  descended  into  deep 
hollows  or  continued  their  deadly  work  Indian  fashion  along  precipitous 
hillsides  or  in  dark  tangled  ravines.  It  was  10  o'clock  at  night  before  the 
battle  -subsided,  and  picket  firing  was  kept  up  at  various  points  all  night, 
bursting  into  a  lively  rattle  frequently  as  troops  took  new  positions  or 
men  wandered  in  the  dark  in  search  of  water  or  tried  to  reach  some  wound 
ed  man  whose  moans  were  irresistible.  The  enemy  could  be  heard  all 
night  falling  trees,  making  abatis,  constructing  fortifications  and  cutting 
roads  for  the  movement  of  artillery.  The  Union  lines  were  also  strength 
ened  and  better  positions  secured.  The  cartridge  boxes  and  pockets 
were  refilled,  guns  were  examined  to  see  that  they  were  in  good  order  for 
the  next  day,  when  a  battle  was  expected  so  colossal  that  the  first  day's 
engagement  would  hardly  constitute  a  respectable  prelude.  The  field 
hospital  was  close  in  rear  of  the  61st,  where  the  surgeons  worked  all  night 
with  their  corps  of  tireless  assistants,  doing  all  skill  and  experience  could 
accomplish  for  the  wounded;  but  little  coffee  was  made  that  night,  as 
fires  were  generally  prohibited  and  in  fact  were  dangerous,  as  they  always 
drew  spiteful  missiles  from  a  most  vigilant  enemy.  The  fight,  as  night 
closed  in,  had  not  been  decisive  except  that  Grant's  army  had  successfully 
crossed  the  Rapidan  with  all  its  trains,  was  concentrated  and  ready  for 
offensive  or  defensive  battle  the  next  day.  This  was  really  a  Union 
victory  in  itself,  and  the  army  ran  no  risk  of  being  driven  away  the  next 
day,  as  it  was  under  Gen.  Hooker  in  the  same  vicinity  a  year  before. 

At  the  close  of  the  battle  of  May  5th,  orders  were  issued  to  attack 
the  enemy  all  along  the  Union  line  the  next  morning  punctually  at  5 
o'clock.  When  the  morning  dawned,  the  rebels  took  the  initiative  and 
attacked  at  4:30  o'clock.  In  front  of  the  6th  Corps  the  rebels  charged 
fearlessly  and  maintained  their  assault  with  great  determination.  They 
were  supported  by  artillery  which  had  been  skillfully  placed  during  the 
night.  The  rebel  guns  sent  showers  of  grapeshot  into  the  61st,  killing 
Lieutenant  F.  M.  Brown  of  Company  A,  with  others,  and  wounding 
many.  The  6th  corps  held  its  lines  and  at  5  o'clock  A.  M.,  as  ordered, 


84  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

advanced  against  the  rebels,  driving  them  back  into  their  rifle  pits.  A 
terrific  struggle  now  ensued,  when  each  side  exerted  superhuman  power 
and  a  courage  which  took  no  account  of  perils  and  paid  no  attention  to 
losses.  Volleys  of  musketry  were  like  peals  of  thunder  and  the  firing  was 
incessant  until  11  o'clock,  when  an  order  came  from  headquarters  for  the 
6th  corps  to  cease  the  assault  and  fortify  its  position  so  the  troops  could 
be  spared  for  a  movement  on  the  Union  left.  When  so  ordered,  and  not 
until  then,  the  6th  corps  fire  slackened,  though  it  did  not  wholly  stop. 
Its  line  was  fortified  with  logs  and  brush  and  at  some  points  by  rifle  pits 
dug  by  the  pioneer  corps.  This  pioneer  corps,  with  axes  and  shovels,  had 
also  cleared  and  leveled  some  spaces  for  Union  artillery  along  the  6th 
corps  lines,  where  batteries  were  planted  and  used  with  great  effect, 
especially  when  the  enemy  attempted  any  advance  from  their  fortifica 
tions.  This  battle  lasted  over  five  hours  in  front  of  the  6th  corps,  many 
charges  and  counter-charges  being  made,  and  at  some  points  the  ground 
was  fought  over  back  and  forth  no  less  than  five  times,  leaving  it  literally 
covered  with  dead  and  wounded,  friend  and  foe.  On  this  day  the  61st 
lost  Capt.  W.  O.  H.  Robinson  of  Company  C  and  1st  Lieut.  F.  M.  Brown 
of  Company  A  killed;  1st  Lieut.  Eugene  C.  Koerner  of  Company  B  wounded 
and  taken  prisoner;  and  Lieutenants  Augustus  A.  Hager  of  Company  K 
and  Samuel  Stewart  of  Company  I  wounded.  Color-Sergeant  Hugh 
Gorman  was  also  killed,  the  shot  passing  through  the  flag-staff,  which  is 
now  on  exhibition  at  Harrisburg.  The  6th  corps  gained  some  important 
positions,  but  the  rebels  held  on  to  their  main  intrenchments ;  their  ammu 
nition,  like  their  courage,  seemed  inexhaustible.  We  were  also  very  much 
annoyed  at  this  time  by  rebel  sharpshooters.  Among  their  victims  was 
Corporal  Brady  of  Company  C.  The  sharpshooter  killing  Brady  was 
however  killed  by  one  of  Brady's  comrades. 

From  11  A.  M.  until  about  5  P.  M.,  there  was  little  fighting  by  the 
6th  corps  on  the  right,  the  time  being  occupied  in  fortifying,  but  the 
battle  raged  all  day  in  the  center  and  was  especially  severe  on  the  Union 
left,  where  Gen.  Hancock  commanded  his  own  corps,  the  2d  division  of 
the  6th  corps,  with  part  of  the  9th  corps,  having  under  his  personal  con 
trol  half  of  the  army,  and  had  some  assistance  also  from  a  division  of 
Sheridan's  cavalry.  Hancock  had  to  fight  fully  half  the  rebel  army,  led 
on  at  first  by  Gen.  Longstreet,  and  after  he  was  wounded  by  Gen.  Lee 
in  person.  The  woods  fire,  fanned  by  a  breeze  from  the  west,  blowing 
the  smoke  in  the  faces  of  Hancock's  men,  was  quite  as  trying  as  the 
rebel  fire  and  more  deadly  for  the  wounded. 

Hancock  fought  a  great  battle,  driving  the  enemy  at  first  over  a  mile 
and  then  retiring  in  the  face  of  rebel  reinforcements,  again  advancing  and 
being  repulsed;  at  one  time  part  of  his  line  broke  and  the  triumphant 
rebels  came  on  through  his  line  like  a  resistless  deluge.  By  his  personal 
presence  and  magnificent  bearing,  order  was  restored  and  Col.  Carroll, 
8th  Ohio,  with  his  brigade,  bravely  charged  the  rebels  and  retook  all  the 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  85 

lost  ground.  Hancock's  fight  ended  about  5  o'clock,  with  his  forces  occupy 
ing  nearly  the  ground  they  had  in  the  morning,  neither  side  having  gained 
any  substantial  advantage  in  position.  Gen.  Getty,  commanding  the  2d 
division  6th  corps,  was  wounded,  and  Gen.  Wheaton  succeeded  him. 

During  the  afternoon  Shaler's  brigade  of  the  6th  corps  came  up  from 
train-guard  service  and  took  position  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army. 
To  the  left  of  Shaler  was  Seymour's  brigade,  including  some  new  troops, 
with  Neill's.  About  6  o'clock  the  rebel  general  Gordon,  a  daring  and 
skillful  officer,  moved  around  through  the  woods  to  the  rear  of  Shaler  and 
Seymour's  men,  who  were  engaged  in  fortifying  and  rushed  upon  them 
throwing  them  into  the  greatest  confusion  during  which  they  threw  away 
there  guns  and  equipment  and  fled  to  the  left  along  the  line  of  breastworks. 

Secretary  Blair  describes  a  part  of  this  fight  as  follows : — 

"When  the  stampede  was  noticed  by  Col.  Smith  he  promptly  ordered 
the  regiment  by  the  right  flank  file  right  which  placed  the  61st  squarely 
across  the  front  of  the  excited  troops  then  in  full  retreat.  He  called  for 
us  to  stop  our  men  in  any  way  'shoot  them,  bayonet  them  stop  them  any 
way  you  can.' 

''But  this  effort  failed  and  when  the  mass  of  our  own  men  had  passed 
through  our  ranks,  the  greater  portion  of  our  regiment  had  gone  with 
them  including  the  Colonel,  there  was  left  a  scattered  line  of  not  more 
than  250  men,  the  color  bearer  with  the  Colors  was  with  us,  at  this  moment 
Gen.  Shaler  rode  up  to  our  colors,  coming  up  the  road  that  had  been  made 
for  bringing  ammunition  to  the  front.  He  had  lost  his  hat  and  was 
somewhat  excited,  seeing  our  line,  he  shouted  these  words,  'For  God's 
sake  men  make  a  stand  on  this  road,  if  you  think  anything  of  the  army  of 
the  Potomac  make  a  stand  on  this  road,  if  you  think  anything  of  your 
country,  for  God's  sake  make  a  stand  on  this  road,'  and  then  he  noticed 
our  colors  and  apparently  recognized  who  we  were  and  asked,  "What 
regiment  is  this,"  a  number  responded,  the  61st  Penna.  'The  61st 
Penna,  why  sergeant  advance  with  those  colors  and  Pennsylvanians  don't 
you  desert  them,'  the  rebels  were  then  in  full  view  coming  at  a  double 
quick  we  advanced  and  gave  them  a  solid  volley  at  close  range,  that 
caused  them  to  halt  and  drop  back  from  our  immediate  front.  But  there 
being  no  other  troops  to  our  right  we  were  absolutely  alone  and  of  course 
the  rebels  to  the  right  of  us  pressed  on  some  distance  when  they  stopped, 
noticing  the  break  in  their  line  and  here  the  flank  movement  came  to  an 
end,  the  ground  was  later  reoccupied  by  our  troops  when  bullets  in  showers 
came  from  the  rear."  Lieut.  Price,  of  Company  A,  supposing  the  fire  came 
from  a  Union  line,  sent  Frank  L.  Blair  of  Company  F  to  stop  it;  the  mess 
enger  ran  into  rebel  troops  and  was  captured.  Shaler  was  also  captured, 
with  many  of  the  brave  men  who  stood  too  long  in  the  road.  Meantime,  a 
short  distance  back  a  new  Union  line  was  formed,  which  not  only  stopped 
the  rebels  but  drove  them  away  out  of  sight  and  hearing  through  the 
woods.  The  61st  in  small  detachments  at  various  points  kept  in  the 
fight  until  the  rebels  were  expelled,  and  then  took  its  former  position. 


86  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

During  the  night  of  May  6th  the  right  of  the  6th  corps  was  moved  back 
and  reformed  so  as  to  avoid  any  new  surprise,  and  by  the  morning  of  May 
7th  the  position  was  well  fortified.  Referring  to  the  attack  on  the  even 
ing  of  May  6th  on  the  Union  right,  when  Shaler  and  Seymour  were  cap 
tured,  Stevens,  the  6th  corps  historian,  says:— 

"When  the  Sixth  Corps  reoccupied  the  breastworks  at  dark  on  the 
6th,  it  was  desirable  that  the  right  flank  should  be  protected  by  old  and 
reliable  troops.  Neill's  Third  brigade  was  assigned  to  that  position,  the 
Seventy-seventh  being  upon  the  extreme  right,  the  Sixty-first  Pennsyl 
vania  thrown  out  at  right  angles  to  protect  the  rear.  On  the  left  of  the 
Seventy-seventh  was  the  Forty-ninth  New  York,  the  Seventh  Maine  was 
next,  then  the  One  hundred  and  Twenty-second,  and  the  Forty- third 
New  York  was  on  the  left  of  the  brigade. 

"All  was  now  quiet.  No  sound  was  heard  except  now  and  then  the 
suppressed  tones  of  officers  in  command.  The  stars  shone  through  the 
openings  among  the  trees  upon  a  long  line  of  dusky  forms  lying  close  be 
hind  the  sheltering  breastworks,  as  silent  as  death  but  ready  at  an  instant 
to  pour  out  a  storm  of  destruction.  A  row  of  bayonets  projected  over 
the  breastworks;  an  abatis  of  steel  awaiting  the  momentarily  expected 
onset  of  the  enemy. 

"At  ten  o'clock  the  low  tones  of  command  of  the  rebel  officers  were 
heard  as  they  urged  their  men  against  our  rear  and  flank.  Colonel  Smith 
of  the  Sixty-first  Pennsylvania,  ordered  his  men  to  lie  down,  for  they 
had  no  breastworks,  and  to  reserve  their  fire.  Nearer  and  nearer  came  the 
the  dark  line,  until  within  twenty  feet  of  the  recumbent  Pennsylvanians, 
but  not  a  sound  from  them.  Still  nearer  the  rebel  line  approached,  to 
within  a  distance  of  ten  feet,  when  the  sharp  command  rang  out,  "Fire;" 
and  rising,  the  Pennsylvanians  delivered  a  withering  fire  into  the  rebel 
ranks  that  sent  them  reeling  back  into  the  darkness  from  whence  they 
came ;  but  a  line  of  prostrate  forms  where  the  fire  from  our  line  had  met 
the  advancing  column,  told  of  its  terrible  execution.  Twenty  minutes 
after  this  repulse  they  advanced  silently  but  in  stronger  force,  directly  in 
front  of  our  breastworks.  They  advanced  slowly  and  in  silence  until 
within  a  few  feet  of  the  Union  line,  when  with  wild  yells  they  leaped  for 
ward,  some  even  mounting  the  breastworks.  But  a  sheet  of  flame  instantly 
flashed  along  the  whole  line  of  our  works;  the  astonished  rebels  wavered 
for  a  moment  and  then  beat  a  hasty  retreat,  relinquishing  with  this  last 
desperate  effort  the  attempt  to  drive  back  the  old  Sixth  corps." 

On  May  7th  picket  firing  was  kept  up,  but  no  actual  battle  was 
fought  at  any  point  in  the  line.  Attention  was  given  to  the  wounded 
scattered  through  the  woods,  and  some  of  the  dead  were  buried,  the 
troops  received  a  fresh  supply  of  ammunition  and  had  opportunity  to 
make  coffee  and  get  such  rest  as  experienced  soldiers  can  obtain  while 
keeping  a  vigilant  eye  on  the  enemy,  whose  entrenchments  were  obscured 
onlv  bv  the  dense  woods. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  87 

The  horrors  inseparable  from  a  battle  in  such  a  region  as  the  Wilder 
ness  are  indescribable.  The  rebels,  having  been  successful  in  that  part 
of  the  state  at  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville  and  having  baffled 
the  Union  army  in  the  Mud  March  and  the  Mine  Run  campaign,  believed 
they  could  conquer  again,  and  they  fought  with  amazing  courage  and  must 
have  been  handled  with  consummate  skill  by  their  commanders. 

Precisely  Jiow  many  men  the  61st  took  into  the  Wilderness  battle 
does  not  appear  from  any  published  records,  so  the  per  cent,  of  loss  cannot 
be  stated.  The  official  report  shows  the  regiment  had  one  officer,  1st 
Lieut.  F.  M.  Brown,  killed,  and  four  wounded,  19  men  killed  and  109 
wounded,  one  officer  and  17  men  missing,  making  a  total  of  151.  Rebel 
lion  Records,  Series  1,  Volume  36,  Part  1,  Page  127.  One  of  the 
wounded  officers  was  Capt.  Wm.  O.  H.  Robinson  of  Co.  C,  who  died  on  the 
field  from  his  injuries.  In  Fox's  Regimental  Losses,  Page  274,  it  appears 
the  61st  had  34  men  killed  in  the  Wilderness,  the  discrepancy  arising  from 
the  fact  that  the  author  includes  the  mortally  wounded  in  his  list  of 
deaths,  and  this  indicates  that  14  of  the  61st  died  of  their  wounds  on  the 
field.  Eugene  E.  Koerner  of  Company  B  was  the  wounded  officer  missing. 
The  total  loss  of  the  army  in  the  Wilderness  has  been  a  subject  of  con 
troversy  ever  since  the  battle,  and  it  will  probably  never  be  satisfactorily 
settled.  The  best  authority  at  present  available  is  the  account  of  Gen. 
Andrew  A.  Humphreys,  who  at  the  time  of  the  battle  was  chief  of  staff 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  In  his  book  entitled  The  Virginia  Cam 
paign  of  1864  and  1865,  at  page  53,  he  says  the  loss  in  the  Wilderness 
May  5th  and  6th,  1864,  was  2,265  killed,  10,220  wounded,  and  2,902 
missing,  making  a  total  of  15,387,  the  killed  and  wounded  together  num 
bering  12,485. 

Concerning  this  fight  in  the  Wilderness,  Gen.  Grant,  in  his  Memoirs, 
says : — 

"More  desperate  fighting  has  not  been  witnessed  on  this  continent 
than  that  of  the  5th  and  6th  of  May.  Our  victory  consisted  in  having 
successfully  crossed  a  formidable  stream,  almost  in  the  face  of  an  enemy, 
and  in  getting  the  army  together  as  a  unit." 

Regarding  the  movements  of  the  army  at  that  time  he  says  two  other 
things  which  should  be  preserved  in  his  own  language: — 

"First,  in  every  change  of  position  or  halt  for  the  night,  whether 
confronting  the  enemy  or  not,  the  moment  arms  were  stacked  the  men 
intrenched  themselves.  For  this  purpose  they  would  build  up  piles  of 
logs  or  rails  if  they  could  be  found  in  their  front,  and  dig  a  ditch,  throwing 
the  dirt  forward  on  the  timber.  Thus  the  digging  they  did  counted  in 
making  a  depression  to  stand  in,  and  increased  the  elevation  in  front  of 
them.  It  was  wonderful  how  quickly  they  could  in  this  way  construct 
defences  of  considerable  strength.  When  a  halt  was  made  with  the  view 
of  assaulting  the  enemy,  or  in  his  presence,  these  would  be  strengthened 
or  their  positions  changed  under  the  direction  of  engineer  officers. 


88  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

"The  second  was,  the  use  made  of  the  telegraph  and  signal  corps. 
Nothing  could  be  more  complete  than  the  organization  and  discipline  of 
this  body  of  brave  and  intelligent  men.  Insulated  wires — insulated  so 
that  they  would  transmit  messages  in  a  storm,  on  the  ground  or  under 
water — were  wound  upon  reels,  making  about  two  hundred  pounds  weight 
of  wire  to  each  reel.  Two  men  and  one  mule  were  detailed  to  each  reel. 
The  pack-saddle  on  which  this  was  carried  was  provided  with  a  rack 
like  a  sawbuck  placed  crosswise  of  the  saddle,  and  raised  above  it  so  that 
the  reel,  with  its  wire,  would  revolve  freely.  There  was  a  wagon,  supplied 
with  a  telegraph  operator,  battery  and  telegraph  instruments  for  each 
division,  each  corps,  each  army,  and  one  for  my  headquarters.  There 
were  wagons,  also  loaded  with  light  poles,  about  the  size  and  length  of  a 
wall  tent  pole,  supplied  with  an  iron  spike  in  one  end,  used  to  hold  the 
wires  up  when  laid,  so  that  wagons  and  artillery  would  not  run  over  them. 
The  mules  thus  loaded  were  assigned  to  brigades,  and  always  kept  with 
the  command  they  were  assigned  to.  The  operators  were  also  assigned 
to  particular  headquarters,  and  never  changed  except  by  special  orders. 

"The  moment  the  troops  were  put  in  position  to  go  into  camp  all  the 
men  connected  with  this  branch  of  service  would  proceed  to  put  up  their 
wires.  A  mule  loaded  with  a  coil  of  wire  would  be  led  to  the  rear  of  the 
nearest  flank  of  the  brigade  he  belonged  to,  and  would  be  led  in  a  line 
parallel  thereto,  while  one  man  would  hold  an  end  of  the  wire  and  uncoil 
it  as  the  mule  was  led  off.  When  he  had  walked  the  length  of  the  wire 
the  whole  of  it  would  be  on  the  ground.  This  would  be  done  in  rear  of 
every  brigade  at  the  same  time.  The  ends  of  all  the  wires  would  then 
be  joined,  making  a  continuous  wire  in  the  rear  of  the  whole  army.  The 
men,  attached  to  brigades  or  divisions,  would  all  commence  at  once  rais 
ing  the  wires  with  their  telegraph  poles.  This  was  done  by  making  a 
loop  in  the  wire  and  putting  it  over  the  spike  and  raising  the  pole  to  a  per 
pendicular  position.  At  intervals  the  wire  would  be  attached  to  trees, 
or  some  other  permanent  object,  so  that  one  pole  was  sufficient  at  a  place. 
In  the  absence  of  such  a  support  two  poles  would  have  to  be  used,  at 
intervals,  placed  at  an  angle  so  as  to  hold  the  wire  firm  in  its  place.  While 
this  was  being  done  the  telegraph  wagons  would  take  their  positions  near 
where  the  headquarters  they  belonged  to  were  to  be  established,  and 
would  connect  with  the  wire.  Thus,  in  a  few  minutes  longer  time  than  it 
took  a  mule  to  walk  the  length  of  its  coil,  telegraphic  communication 
would  be  effected  between  all  the  headquarters  of  the  army.  No  orders 
ever  had  to  be  given  to  establish  the  telegraph." 

As  night  approached  on  May  7th,  the  army  was  in  line  of  battle  with 
the  2d  corps  on  the  left,  the  5th  in  the  center  and  the  6th  on  the  right, 
the  9th  being  at  different  points.  During  that  afternoon  an  order  was 
issued  to  move  the  army  toward  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  and  the 
trains  began  moving  at  3  o'clock.  After  dark,  Warren,  commanding  the 
center,  moved  in  rear  of  Hancock  toward  the  left,  along  the  Brock  Road; 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  89 

Sedgwick,  following  with  the  6th  corps,  moved  to  Chancellorsville  on  the 
Germanna  plank-road  and  the  Orange  Pike  and  then  by  way  of  Aldrich's 
and  Piney  Branch  Church,  marching  all  night  and  arriving  on  the  battle 
field  near  Spottsylvania  Court  House  at  2  P.  M  .on  May  8th.  This  was  a 
hard  night's  march,  though  the  distance  was  only  16  miles.  The  roads 
were  narrow  and  obstructed  most  of  the  way  by  artillery  and  ammuni 
tion  trains;  the  atmosphere  was  sultry,  and  toward  morning  a  cloud  of 
dust  rose  from  so  many  moving  men,  horses  and  vehicles.  The  8th  of 
May,  1864,  was  Sunday,  of  which  the  61st  was  reminded  on  marching  by 
the  silent  little  Piney  Branch  Church  at  about  the  usual  hour  for  service 
in  the  forenoon. 

Late  that  Sunday  afternoon  the  61st,  with  other  regiments  of  the 
brigade,  after  a  good  deal  of  shifting  about  in  the  woods,  stood  in  front  of 
a  deep  wooded  ravine  looking  toward  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  two  and 
a  half  miles  away.  While  in  this  position,  ready  for  an  advance  against 
the  enemy  concealed  in  the  forest  beyond  the  ravine,  Gen.  Sedgwick  rode 
along  in  front  of  the  line  coming  from  the  left;  his  clothes  were  covered 
with  dust;  his  face,  red  from  exposure  to  the  hot  sun,  had  been  scratched 
by  thorns  and  vines;  his  felt  hat,  well  pulled  down,  was  crushed  and 
banged  from  contact  with  brush.  He  proceeded  slowly  of  necessity, 
guiding  his  horse  among  the  trees,  and  all  the  while  he  kept  saying,  half 
to  himself,  "We'll  get  through  here  after  while,  boys;  this  won't  last 
always.  The  enemy  has  been  fearfully  punished,  so  we'll  get  out  into 
open  country  and  have  a  better  chance."  The  "boys"  cheered  "Uncle 
John,"  as  they  called  him,  little  thinking  they  were  greeting  him  for  the 
last  time.  A  few  minutes  after  Gen.  Sedgwick  went  by,  the  troops  moved 
forward  slowly,  descending  into  the  ravine  and  advancing  up  the  opposite 
slope  in  line  of  battle. 

Twilight  was  rapidly  deepening  into  darkness  when  suddenly  a  rebel 
line  of  battle  appeared,  close  in  front,  as  if  dropped  from  the  clouds.  A 
Confederate  officer  seized  the  flag  of  the  61st  and  demanded  instant 
surrender;  the  color  sergeant  held  on  while  the  bold  rebel  was  caught  by 
officers  of  the  61st  and  made  a  prisoner.  Sergeant  Brady  of  Company  A 
was  shot  dead  by  a  rebel,  who  in  turn  was  shot  and  bayoneted  by  Jno.  E. 
Allison  of  Company  A.  A  battle  was  then  commenced  so  quickly  that 
officers  had  no  time  to  give  commands.  Every  man  in  the  regiment,  as 
if  propelled  by  machinery,  went  straight  for  the  rebels  in  front  of  him. 
Officers  used  their  swords  and  revolvers,  while  the  men,  after  firing  one 
shot,  took  their  bayonets  or  used  their  guns  as  clubs,  dispersing  the  enemy 
as  police  scatter  a  mob.  When  the  fight  ended  it  was  pitch  dark,  and  no 
Union  troops  to  be  found  on  the  right  or  left.  The  61st  put  out  its  pickets 
and  lay  on  its  arms  until  daylight.  About  midnight  Col.  Smith  sent 
Adjutant  George  W.  Wilson  to  find  brigade  headquarters.  The  Adjutant 
proceeded  a  short  distance  to  the  rear  and  then  toward  the  right.  While 
groping  his  way  through  the  dark  woods  a  sentinel  challenged  him,  and 


90  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

almost  immediately  fired,  instantly  killing  the  adjutant.  Other  thrilling 
incidents  occurred,  but  the  61st  came  out  the  next  morning  with  little  loss 
and  with  undiminished  intrepidity.  Lieut.  John  Caldwell  of  Company  F 
was  captured.  Besides  the  rebels  killed  and  wounded,  the  61st  captured 
two  officers  and  six  men. 

The  next  day  it  was  learned  that  Adjutant  Wilson  was  shot  by  a 
Union  soldier  on  picket  whose  mind  had  suddenly  left  him  under  the 
great  pressure  of  hard  service  and  loss  of  sleep.  He  challenged  Wilson 
and  then  fired  before  giving  him  time  to  advance  and  give  the  counter 
sign.  The  man  belonged  to  a  New  York  regiment  and  was  taken  to  the 
rear  the  next  morning,  a  raving  maniac. 

On  Monday,  May  9th,  the  6th  corps  was  pressed  up  close  to  the 
enemy,  with  heavy  picket  firing  all  day,  the  line  of  battle  extending  from 
southwest  to  southeast,  with  Hancock's  2d  corps  on  the  right,  Warren's 
5th  corps  next,  then  Sedgwick's  6th  corps,  Burnside's  9th  Corps  being  on 
the  left,  reaching  two  miles  southwest  of  the  Fredericksburg  road.  The 
Union  line  was  fortified.  The  61st,  with  other  troops,  was  formed  in  a 
clearing  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  a  swamp  being  in  front,  and  batteries  were 
planted  back  of  the  position  so  as  to  fire  over  the  men  toward  the  enemy 
in  their  breastworks  beyond  a  strip  of  woods.  On  this  day  the  61st  was 
under  heavy  artillery  fire  from  masked  rebel  batteries,  one  shell  exploding 
in  Company  D  and  killing  five  men  and  wounding  others. 

An  enfilading  rebel  shell  came  from  the  right,  striking  the  rear  rank 
in  Company  D  where  the  men  were  lying  down.  Major  O.  A.  Parsons, 
then  a  lieutenant  in  Company  D,  says: — 

"The  shell  first  struck  Thomas  R.  Conner's  knapsack;  the  missile 
then  took  the  heads  off  Thomas  E.  Ellis  and  William  H.  Ward,  not  injur 
ing  Wm.  Coon,  who  seemed  to  be  in  line,  but  killing  John  L.  Fairchild, 
J.  L.  Hays  and  Crandel  A.  Wilcox,  taking  away  parts  of  their  heads  and 
shoulders  and  slightly  wounding  the  next  man.  Conner,  whose  knapsack 
was  hit,  received  a  severe  shock  which  disabled  him  for  several  weeks." 

Early  in  the  morning  of  May  9th,  Gen.  Sedgwick,  with  a  view  of 
examining  the  ground  in  front  of  his  position,  went  on  foot  to  a  picket 
post  near  Alsop's  Field,  where  he  was  shot  and  instantly  killed  by  a  rebel 
sharpshooter.  His  loss  was  a  severe  one  to  the  army  and  especially  to 
the  6th  corps,  whose  commander  he  had  been  for  over  a  year,  endearing 
himself  to  the  officers  and  men  as  a  fine  soldier,  an  honest  and  patriotic 
man.  Only  six  Major  Generals  were  killed  during  the  entire  war,  of 
whom  five  belonged  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  follows: — Philip 
Kearney  and  Isaac  I.  Stevens,  killed  at  Chantilly,  Virginia,  September 
1st,  1862;  Hiram  G.  Berry  at  Chancellorsville,  May  2,  1863;  John  F. 
Reynolds,  at  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  1,  1863;  and  John  Sedgwick, 
at  Spottsylvania,  Virginia,  May  9,  1864.  The  other  Major  General  was 
James  B.  McPherson,  killed  before  Atlanta,  Georgia,  July  22,  1864. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  91 

Gen.  Horatio  G.  Wright  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  6th  corps 
and  retained  the  position  until  the  war  ended. 

By  the  evening  of  May  9th  it  was  found  the  rebels  occupied  a  strong 
position  in  front  of  Spottsylvania  Court-house,  well  protected  at  all  points. 
Where  there  was  woods  in  front  of  them  it  was  slashed;  where  the  ground 
was  open  there  was  abatis,  and  artillery  was  skillfully  placed  so  as  to  have 
a  cross-fire;  besides,  the  rebels  had  traverses  at  intervals  all  along  their 
lines.  Gen.  Horace  Porter,  then  with  Gen.  Grant,  referring  to  the  Union 
and  rebel  situation  around  Spottsylvania  Court-house,  said: — 

"The  movements  of  the  opposing  armies  now  became  one  of  the 
most  instructive  lessons  in  the  art  of  modern  warfare.  They  showed  the 
closeness  of  the  game  played  by  the  two  great  masters  who  commanded 
the  contending  forces,  and  illustrated  how  thoroughly  those  skilled  fencers 
had  carte  and  tierce  at  their  fingers'  ends.  They  demonstrated,  also, 
how  far  the  features  of  a  campaign  may  be  affected  by  accidents  and 
errors.  In  the  Wilderness  the  maneuvers  had  been  largely  a  game  of 
blindman's-buff;  they  now  became  more  like  the  play  of  pussy-wants- 
a-corner." 

On  May  10th  the  6th  corps  was  kept  up  close  to  the  rebel  works,  its 
skirmishers  assailing  every  enemy  in  sight.     Under  favor  of  this  strong 
attack,  keeping  the  rebels  down  behind  their  works,    Gen.    Wright   dis 
covered  a  weak  point  in  their  line  and  recommended  an  assault,  which  was 
arranged  for  six  o'clock  that  evening  and  proved  to  be  one  of  the  bravest 
movements  on  any  battlefield  during  the  war.     Emory  Upton,   colonel 
121st  New  York  was  selected  to  lead  the  charge.     He  had  12  regiments 
from  the  6th  corps,  two  being  from  Neill's  brigade.     His  force  was  formed 
in  four  lines  of  three  regiments  each,  and  moved  up  silently  to  the  edge  of 
a  wood  300  yards  from  the  works  to  be  assailed.     The  6th  corps  artillery 
opened  on  the  works  at  the  point  Upton  was  to  strike,  and  the  whole 
corps  stood  ready  to  support  the  assaulting  column.     Precisely  at  the 
time  appointed,   Upton's  clear  voice  was  heard,    "Attention,   battalions', 
forward,  double-quick,  charge."     This  command  being  repeated  by  each 
regimental  commander,  the  men  swept  forward  with  tremendous  cheers, 
a  sheet  of  flame  bursting  from  the  rebel  works,  with  quick  firing  by  their 
guns,  sending  grape  and  canister  into  the  Union  lines,  but  the  men  in 
blue  ran  on,  leaping  ditches  and  swarming  over  the  rebels'  first  line;  then 
deploying  right  and  left,  they  charged  and  took  the  second  line,  holding 
the  position  taken  until  after  dark.     Cooperative  movements  not  being 
successful,  Upton's  force  was   withdrawn,  but   he  sent  back  1000  to  1200 
prisoners.     Col.  Upton,  for  his  gallantry  in  that  charge,  was  promoted 
by  Gen.  Grant  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier  General.     On  the  right  of  the  6th 
corps,.  Gen.  Warren,  with  the  5th  corps,   made  a  gallant  though  fruit 
less  attack,  and  the  troops  under  Gen.  Hancock  did  some  hard  fighting. 
On  May  llth  the  Union  and  rebel  armies  were  still  closer  together, 
and  the  picket  firing  was  like  a  continuous  battle.     That  day,  May  llth, 


92  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

at  8:30  A.  M.,  Gen  Grant  wrote  a  letter  to  Washington,  destined  to  be 
famous  in  view  of  the  situation  at  that  time.  The  letter,  of  which  a  fac 
simile  may  be  found  in  Gen.  Horace  Porter's  book,  page  104,  is  on  three 
pages  of  notepaper.  It  refers  to  the  Union  losses,  mentioning  20,000  as 
the  probable  number,  including  eleven  general  officers,  gives  directions 
about  supplies  and  reinforcements,  and  says  among  other  things: — "I 
propose  to  fight  it  out  on  this  line  if  it  takes  all  summer."  This  was  what 
the  soldiers  and  the  government  and  the  people  wanted — no  more  grand 
strategies  on  new  lines,  but  a  fight  to  the  finish.  It  rained  hard  during 
the  afternoon  of  the  llth,  and  the  ensuing  night  was  pitch  dark. 

During  that  afternoon  a  plan  was  made  to  assault  the  enemy's  works 
at  daylight  the  next  morning  at  a  point  since  become  famous  as  the  "angle." 
This  noted  place  may  be  indicated  briefly  as  follows:  Gen.  Lee's  lines, 
five  to  seven  miles  long,  had  the  right  and  left  flanks  drawn  back  so  as  to 
form  part  of  a  vast  circle,  with  Spottsylvania  Court  House  in  the  rear  of  the 
center,  but  near  the  middle  of  his  position  was  a  large  salient,  which 
projected  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  main  line  northwesterly,  in 
order  to  get  advantage  of  some  woods  and  clear  fields.  The  salient  ended 
in  an  obtuse  point  opposite  the  Brown  House,  which  house  was  half  a 
mile  inside  of  the  Union  lines.  This  projecting  salient  was  half  a  mile 
wide  and  enclosed  the  McCool  and  the  Harrison  houses.  The  fortifica 
tions  around  the  salient  were  made  of  logs  and  dirt;  the  land  in  front  of 
the  salient  was  nearly  all  open,  but  in  the  rear  was  heavy  timber,  chiefly 
oak.  The  point  of  the  salient  is  known  as  the  "bloody  angle."  In  short, 
the  salient  enclosed  three  sides  of  an  are,a  half  a  mile  wide  and  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  long,  coming  to  a  point,  called  the  apex,  at  the  outer  end,  with 
artillery  in  advantageous  positions. 

Gen.  Hancock,  with  his  three  divisions  of  the  2d  corps,  was  to  mass 
his  men  during  the  night  of  May  llth  in  front  of  the  Brown  House  and 
assault  the  angle  at  daybreak  May  12th.  Gen.  Wright,  with  two  divisions 
of  the  6th  corps,  Russell's  and  Wheaton's,  the  61st  belonging  to  the 
latter,  was  to  support  Hancock  and  be  close  behind  him  when  the  charge 
was  made.  Other  troops  to  the  right  and  left  were  to  attack  the  enemy 
at  the  same  time.  In  order  to  secure  accuracy  of  movement,  the  com 
pass  bearing  of  the  McCool  House,  inside  of  the  rebel  works,  from  the 
Brown  House,  within  the  Union  lines,  was  ascertained,  and  Hancock 
marched  by  the  compass  and  a  dark  lantern  from  the  Brown  House  to 
the  point  where  his  men  started  on  the  charge.  According  to  these  orders, 
Gen.  Hancock  moved  his  men  in  rain  and  black  darkness  to  the  designated 
point,  where  they  stood  ready,  in  perfect  silence,  for  their  perilous  work. 
At  the  same  time  Gen.  Wright  moved  his  6th  corps  up  near  the  right  and 
a  little  to  the  rear  of  Hancock's  men.  Owing  to  a  heavy  fog,  Gen.  Han 
cock  postponed  the  charge  from  four  o'clock,  the  designated  time,  to  4:35, 
when  he  ordered  the  advance.  The  troops,  keeping  a  perfect  alignment, 
moved  at  a  quick  step  to  within  about  300  yards  of  the  rebel  works;  then 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  93 

they  burst  into  a  cheer  and  ran  forward,  disregarding  the  sharp  musketry 
fire  they  received,  tore  away  and  passed  through  obstructions,  climbed 
over  the  intrenchments,  capturing  4,000  prisoners,  20  pieces  of  artillery 
with  their  caissons,  horses,  etc.,  several  thousand  stands  of  small  arms 
and  over  30  flags;  among  the  rebel  prisoners  was  Major-General  Edward 
Johnson  and  Brigadier-General  George  H.  Stewart.  Hancock's  men,  in 
getting  over  the  rebel  works,  sweeping  in  their  prisoners  and  guns,  follow 
ing  the  enemy  through  the  woods,  lost  their  regular  formations,  becom 
ing  a  mass  of  eager,  brave  men,  each  acting  largely  on  his  own  judgment. 
In  the  meantime  the  rebels  rushed  in  reinforcements  and  assailed  Han 
cock's  men,  driving  them  at  some  points  back  over  the  works  they  had 
captured.  At  this  moment,  6  o'clock  A.  M.,  the  6th  corps  came  up  and 
took  position  at  the  apex  of  the  salient,  with  lines  extending  along  the  west 
angle,  occupying  the  outside  of  the  rifle  pits,  while  the  rebels  held  the 
inside.  Some  of  the  2d  corps  remained  in  this  line,  getting  fresh  supplies 
of  ammunition  from  the  cartridge  boxes  of  the  dead  and  wounded  and 
refusing  to  go  back,  even  when  given  permission  to  do  so.  In  this  position 
a  fierce  conflict  began,  and  lasted,  with  little  intermission,  until  three 
o'clock  the  next  morning.  The  rebels  were  determined  at  all  hazards  and 
at  any  cost  to  retake  their  works,  and  the  Union  men  were  bound,  regard 
less  of  sacrifice,  to  hold  them.  A  short  distance  to  the  right  of  the  61st 
was  a  Union  battery,  firing  over  the  rebel  breastworks  into  their  ranks  at 
very  short  range.  In  a  little  while  after  the  6th  corps  took  position, 
the  guns  of  this  battery,  one  after  another,  ceased  firing,  the  gunners  hav 
ing  been  killed  or  wounded,  and  then  the  rebels,  with  loud  yells,  rushed 
over  the  breastworks  to  take  the  cannon.  The  61st  faced  to  the  right 
and  the  troops  on  the  right  of  the  battery  faced  to  the  left,  both  attack 
ing  the  rebels  and  driving  them  back  with  great  slaughter.  At  this  time 
an  artillery  officer  ran  along  the  line  of  the  61st  calling  for  volunteers  to 
man  the  guns.  He  did  not  call  in  vain,  for  men  dropped  their  muskets 
and  followed  him  and  soon  the  cannons  roared  again,  sending  showers 
of  canister  into  the  rebels  only  a  hundred  feet  away.  In  Company  A  one 
sergeant  and  four  men  volunteered,  but  the  new  gunners  were  soon  dis 
abled  by  the  rebel  fire,  and  the  cannon  were  once  more  silent.  The  rebels 
then  made  another  rush  for  the  battery,  but  were  again  beaten  back, 
some  being  killed  among  the  guns.  During  the  day  they  made  two  other 
attempts  to  break  through  the  Union  line  at  this  point,  being  repulsed 
each  time  with  severe  loss.  The  rebels  could  not  take  the  battery  nor 
could  it  be  used  by  the  Union  troops.  It  stood  all  day  a  noiseless  menace 
and  temptation  to  the  rebels  and  to  the  Union  men,  a  silent  witness  of 
the  destruction  of  artillerists  whose  dead  bodies  were  strewn  among  the 
guns  with  the  infantry  volunteers.  Of  the  volunteers  from  Company  A, 
Daniel  H.  Bee  returned  unhurt;  John  Stewart  came  back  with  five  wounds, 
making  him  a  cripple  for  life;  Calvin  Work,  Martin  Moot  and  Sergeant 
B.  F.  Rowland  were  killed.  Toward  the  evening,  several  of  the  guns 


94  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

sunk  down,  the  rebel  fire  having  cut  off  the  spokes  of  the  gun  carriage 
wheels.  A  sponge  bucket  hanging  under  one  of  the  guns  had  27  bullet 
holes  in  it.  As  this  fight  of  May  12,  1864,  has  taken  a  place  among  the 
most  wonderful  exhibitions  of  human  courage,  some  quotations  from 
accounts  of  eye  witnesses  will  be  given  as  illustrating  a  fearful  struggle 
in  which  the  61st,  with  other  men,  won  immortal  fame. 

Gen.  Humphreys,  in  his  book  already  mentioned,  from  his  own  per 
sonal  knowledge  gained  as  chief  of  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  on 
pages  99-100  says:— 

"The  contest  continued  incessantly  throughout  the  day  along  the 
whole  line,  from  the  right  of  the  Sixth  Corps  to  the  left  of  the  Second 
Corps;  occasionally  changes  in  troops  were  made  where  it  was  practicable, 
in  order  to  replenish  ammunition.  At  the  west  angle  the  fighting  was 
literally  murderous.  One  of  the  participants,  Brigadier-General  Grant, 
commanding  the  Vermont  brigade  of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Sixth 
Corps,  says  of  it: — 

"'It  was  not  only  a  desperate  struggle  but  it  was  literally  a  hand-to- 
hand  fight.  Nothing  but  the  piled  up  logs  or  breastworks  separated  the 
combatants.  Our  men  would  rush  over  the  logs  and  fire  into  the  faces 
of  the  enemy,  would  stab  over  the  crevices  and  holes  between  the  logs; 
men  mounted  the  works,  and  with  muskets  rapidly  handed  them,  kept 
up  a  continuous  fire  until  they  were  shot  down,  when  others  would  take 
their  place  and  continue  the  deadly  work.  Several  times  during  the  day 
the  rebels  would  show  a  white  flag  about  the  works,  and  when  our  fire 
slackened  jump  over  and  surrender,  and  others  were  crowded  down  to 
fill  their  places.  It  was  there  that  the  somewhat  celebrated  tree  was  cut 
off  by  bullets,  there  that  the  brush  and  logs  were  cut  to  pieces  and  whipped 
into  basket-stuff;  there  that  the  rebel  ditches  and  cross-sections  were 
filled  with  dead  men  several  deep.  I  was  at  the  angle  the  next  day.  The 
sight  was  terrible  and  sickening,  much  worse  than  at  Bloody  Lane,  Antie- 
tam.  There  a  great  many  dead  men  were  lying  in  the  road  and  across 
the  rails  of  the  torn  down  fences,  and  out  in  the  cornfield,  but  they  were 
not  piled  up  several  deep  and  their  flesh  was  not  so  torn  and  mangled  as 
at  the  "angle."' 

"As  an  indication  of  the  sanguinary  character  of  the  conflict  of  the 
10th  and  12th,  Col.  Upton  remarks  that  Capt.  Lamont  of  the  Fifth  Maine, 
the  only  one  of  seven  captains  who  escaped  in  the  assault  of  the  10th,  was 
among  the  killed  on  the  12th. 

"General  McGowan,  of  Wilcox's  division,  Hill's  corps,  says:  'Our 
men  lay  on  one  side  of  the  breastwork,  the  enemy  on  the  other,  and  in 
many  instances  men  were  pulled  over.'  He  believed  that  he  captured 
as  many  prisoners  as  he  lost.  'The  trenches,'  he  says,  'on  the  right  in 
the  bloody  angle  had  to  be  cleared  of  the  dead  more  than  once.  An  oak 
tree,  twenty-two  inches  in  diameter,  in  rear  of  the  brigade  was  cut  down 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  95 

by  musket-balls  and  fell  about  twelve  o'clock  Thursday  night,  injuring 
several  men  in  the  First  South  Carolina  regiment.' 

"Many  others  give  the  same  account  of  the  character  of  the  con 
test  at  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  west  angle.  All  the  brigades  engaged 
in  it  lost  heavily.  Rain  fell  during  the  day  and  heavily  toward  night." 

Gen.  Horace  Porter,  then  on  Gen.  Grant's  staff,  in  his  book  already 
mentioned,  on  pages  110-11,  says: — 

"The  battle  near  the  'angle'  was  probably  the  most  desperate  engage 
ment  in  the  history  of  modern  warfare,  and  presented  features  which 
were  absolutely  appalling.  It  was  chiefly  a  savage  hand-to-hand  fight 
across  the  breastworks.  Rank  after  rank  was  riddled  by  shot  and  shell 
and  bayonet-thrusts,  and  finally  sank,  a  mass  of  torn  and  mutilated 
corpses;  then  fresh  troops  rushed  madly  forward  to  replace  the  dead,  and 
so  the  murderous  work  went  on.  Guns  were  run  up  close  to  the  parapet, 
and  double  charges  of  canister  played  their  part  in  the  bloody  work. 
The  fence-rails  and  logs  in  the  breastworks  were  shattered  into  splinters, 
and  trees  over  a  foot  and  a  half  in  diameter  were  cut  completely  in  two  by 
the  incessant  musketry  fire.  A  section  of  the  trunk  of  a  stout  oak  tree 
thus  severed  was  afterwards  sent  to  Washington,  where  it  is  still  on  exhibi 
tion  at  the  National  Museum.  We  had  not  only  shot  down  an  army, 
but  also  a  forest. 

"My  duties  carried  me  again  to  the  spot  the  next  day,  and  the  appal 
ling  sight  presented  was  harrowing  in  the  extreme.  Our  own  killed  were 
scattered  over  a  large  space  near  the  'angle,'  while  in  front  of  the  captured 
breastworks  the  enemy's  dead,  vastly  more  numerous  than  our  own, 
were  piled  upon  each  other  in  some  places  four  layers  deep,  exhibiting 
every  ghastly  phase  of  mutilation.  The  place  was  well  named  the  'Bloody 
Angle.'" 

Surgeon  Stevens,  historian  of  the  6th  corps,  in  his  book  at  page  337, 
says : — 

"And  now,  as  the  boys  of  the  Second  division  took  their  places  in  the 
front,  the  battle  became  a  hand-to-hand  combat.  A  breastwork  of  logs 
separated  the  combatants.  Our  men  would  reach  over  this  partition  and 
discharge  their  muskets  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  and  in  return  would 
receive  the  fire  of  the  rebels  at  the  same  close  range.  Finally,  the  enemy 
began  to  use  their  muskets  as  clubs  and  then  rails  were  used." 

The  largest  white  oak  tree  referred  to  was  nearly  opposite  the  line 
of  the  61st.  It  fell  an  hour  after  midnight,  its  vast  trunk,  with  dense 
foliage  at  the  top,  was  found  the  next  morning  inside  of  and  parallel  to 
the  rebel  works.  When  it  went  down  yells  and  groans  were  heard  from 
the  members  of  the  1st  South  Carolina  regiment  whom  it  struck,  killing 
some  and  wounding  others. 

This  particular  tree  was  shot  down  because  its  ample  trunk  at  the 
ground  afforded  shelter  for  some  of  the  rebel  sharpshooters  who  silenced 
the  Union  battery  and  later  during  the  day  sent  destructive  bullets  into 


96  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

the  position  held  by  the  6th  corps.  In  response,  for  hours  that  white  oak 
tree  was  aimed  at  by  many  Union  soldiers  bent  on  stopping  the  deadly 
fire  from  behind  it. 

At  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  May  13th,  the  rebels  gave  up  the 
battle  and  moved  back  half  a  mile  to  a  new  and  well  fortified  line.  Two 
hours  later  the  61st,  with  other  troops,  crossed  the  rebel  works,  moved 
around  the  prostrate  form  of  the  big  tree,  with  its  many  limbs,  and  ad 
vanced  toward  the  new  rebel  works,  until  a  fire  of  artillery  and  musketry 
was  received,  and  then  fell  back  to  the  "Bloody  Angle."  Later  in  the 
day,  May  13th,  the  61st  moved,  with  the  6th  corps,  toward  the  Union 
left,  the  region  held  by  Burnside's  9th  corps.  While  on  this  march  many 
men  found  it  necessary,  in  order  to  walk  with  comfort,  to  dampen  with 
water  their  trouser  legs,  the  cloth  being  stiff  with  mud  from  the  "Bloody 
Angle"  rifle-pits,  where  the  ground  was  tramped  into  mortar  during  the 
fight.  On  May  13th,  the  next  day  after  the  Bloody  Angle  fight,  Gen. 
Grant  recommended  Gen.  Wright,  commander  of  the  6th  corps,  for  pro 
motion  to  the  rank  of  Major-General  and  that  he  be  assigned  as  permanent 
commander  of  the  6th  corps,  the  promotion  and  assignment  being  prompt 
ly  granted.  In  the  fight  early  in  the  morning  Gen.  Wright  was  wounded, 
but  remained  on  duty  all  day.  On  the  night  of  May  13th  an  incident 
occurred  which  shows  how  tired  and  sleepy  the  men  were  after  so  many 
days  of  fighting  and  nights  of  marching.  About  dark  the  61st  camped 
in  an  open  field.  After  getting  coffee,  the  soldiers  lay  down,  most  of 
them  without  any  blankets  under  or  covering  them.  The  next  morn 
ing  when  they  woke  up  a  strong  breastwork  of  logs  and  dirt  was  in  their 
front,  only  a  few  feet  away,  extending  out  of  sight  to  the  right  and  left. 
Most  of  the  61st  men  heard  no  sound  of  axe  or  shovel  or  orders  of  officers, 
but  slept  soundly  through  it  all.  That  afternoon,  May  14th,  an  amusing 
event  occurred.  The  brigade  to  which  the  61st  belonged,  reduced  to 
about  the  size  of  one  full  regiment,  was  in  line  of  battle  in  the  woods. 
Toward  evening  a  fresh  regiment  of  heavy  artillery  came  up,  formed  in 
front  of  the  brigade  and  stacked  arms.  The  men,  in  new  uniforms,  were 
weary  and  hungry  and  thirsty.  They  scattered  in  search  of  water  and 
material  to  make  fires.  Many  of  the  old  soldiers  proceeded  to  appropriate 
the  new  gum  blankets  and  exchange  old  rusty  guns  for  bright  new  ones. 
After  half  an  hour  the  rebels  opened  on  the  position  with  artillery,  send 
ing  shot  and  shell  crashing  through  the  trees.  The  new  regiment,  being 
called  by  bugle  signal,  promptly  fell  into  line,  ready  for  action.  In  a 
few  minutes  the  artillery  fire  ceased  and  the  men  again  broke  ranks.  By 
this  time  they  discovered  what  had  happened.  Thereupon  the  new  colonel, 
politely  saluting  Gen.  Neill,  in  charge  of  his  brigade,  said,  "General, 
many  of  your  men  have  taken  our  guns,  blankets  and  other  equipment." 
Gen.  Neill,  straightening  up  with  imperious  dignity  and  speaking  in 
deep,  grave  tones,  said  "Impossible,  colonel;  my  men  have  no  use  for  your 
guns  or  other  property."  "But,"  said  the  colonel,  "they  have  actually 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  97 

taken  many  of  our  guns,"  and  pointing  to  various  weather-beaten  men  in 
dirty  garments  nearby,  the  colonel  said,  "there  is  a  man  with  one  of  our 
guns,  and  there  is  another,  and  beyond  I  see  some  of  our  new  blankets." 
Gen.  Neill  said,  "Oh,  no,  you  are  mistaken;  it  is  impossible;  when  you 
stacked  arms  you  put  a  guard  over  them;  you  are  too  good  a  soldier  to 
leave  your  property  unguarded.  Besides,  if  you  need  any  guns  you  can 
pick  up  on  this  battlefield  ten  for  every  one  you  have  lost."  The  colonel 
realized  that  he  had  made  a  great  mistake  in  not  putting  a  guard  over  his 
men's  equipment,  and  said  nothing  more.  Most  of  the  old  soldiers  were 
inclined  to  poke  fun  at  these  spick  and  span  reinforcements  who  had  been 
doing  garrison  duty  in  Washington,  living  on  "soft  bread,"  but  the  very 
first  fight  those  new  men  got  into  in  a  few  days  they  distinguished  them 
selves,  and  when  next  seen  by  Neill's  brigade  the  fresh  men  were  heartily 
cheered. 

During  these  operations  the  army  saw  very  little  of  Gen.  Grant,  but 
his  appearance  was  always  greeted  with  hearty  cheers.  On  the  15th  of 
May  the  61st  and  other  troops  were  in  line  of  battle  not  far  from  Fredericks- 
burg  Road,  in  the  woods,  behind  slight  fortifications  made  chiefly  of  logs, 
there  being  a  picket  line  only  between  that  line  and  the  enemy,  then  posted 
in  part  along  the  south  side  of  the  Ny  River.  While  in  that  position, 
inactive,  a  verbal  order,  repeated  by  field  and  line  officers,  came  along 
the  line  from  the  right  in  these  words,  "Don't  cheer."  The  soldiers  un 
derstood  some  popular  officer  was  coming  whose  life  might  be  endangered 
by  cheering,  as  the  noise  would  reveal  the  Union  position  to  the  enemy. 
In  a  few  minutes  Gen.  Grant,  on  a  bay  horse,  came  from  the  right,  pro 
ceeding  toward  the  left,  riding  slowly  through  the  brush,  keeping  his  eye 
on  the  breastwork.  When  he  came  within  200  feet,  the  soldiers  began 
to  throw  up  their  hats  and  make  a  noise  like  cheering,  but  almost  inau 
dible.  This  noise  grew  louder,  and  before  the  general  passed  the  61st  the 
men  broke  out  into  a  tremendous  cheer,  which  extended  back  along  the 
line  until  it  died  away  in  the  distance,  and  kept  a  hundred  feet  ahead  of 
the  hero  as  he  proceeded.  At  the  same  instant  rebel  batteries  opened, 
firing  shells,  one  of  which  burst  over  Gen.  Grant's  head,  sending  a  shower 
of  debris  down  upon  him.  His  horse  crouched  and  shivered  as  he  pro 
ceeded,  but  did  not  rear  or  plunge  like  the  other  horses  of  the  aides  and 
orderlies. 

Gen.  Grant  gave  no  evidence  that  he  heard  the  cheering  or  the  firing, 
but  proceeded  quietly  out  of  sight  and  the  incident  ended,  the  men  liking 
the  general  better  for  not  "making  a  fuss  about  nothing." 

On  May  17th,  in  the  night,  the  6th  corps,  with  other  troops,  marched 
back  to  the  salient,  taking  position  at  the  apex  of  the  angle,  and  at  day 
light  attacked  the  enemy  on  the  line  to  which  they  retreated  early  on  the 
morning  of  May  13th,  but  the  rebels,  understanding  the  movement,  were 
ready  for  the  attack  and  repulsed  it.  The  6th  corps  then  moved  back 
toward  the  left. 


98  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

In  this  fight  the  heavy  artillery  soldiers  showed  they  were  made  of 
good  material,  and  were  no  longer  looked  upon  as  mere  soft  bread  eaters. 
On  the  19th  and  20th  of  May  some  hard  fighting  occurred,  chiefly  by  the 
2d  corps,  and  this  practically  ended  what  is  known  as  the  battle  of  Spottsyl- 
vania  Court-house. 

Gen.  Humphreys'  chief  of  staff,  in  his  closing  paragraph  on  Spottsyl- 
vania,  says: — 

"This  account  of  the  operations  shows  in  what  manner  the  contest 
between  the  two  armies  was  carried  on.  The  marching  was  done  chiefly 
at  night,  and  the  contact  was  so  close  as  to  require  constant  vigilance  day 
and  night,  and  allow  but  little  time  for  sleep.  The  firing  was  incessant. 
The  fatigue,  the  loss  of  sleep,  the  watchfulness,  taxed  severely  the  powers 
of  endurance  of  both  officers  and  men.  Usually,  in  military  opera 
tions,  the  opposing  armies  come  together,  fight  a  battle  and  separate 
again,  the  strain  lasting  only  a  few  days.  In  a  siege  it  is  only  a  small 
part  of  the  opposing  troops  that  are  close  together.  But  with  these  two 
armies  it  was  different.  From  the  5th  of  May,  1864,  to  the  9th  of  April, 
1865,  they  were  in  constant  close  contact,  with  rare  intervals  of  brief 
comparative  repose." 

The  loss  of  the  61st  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house,  as  officially  re 
ported,  including  the  dates  May  8th  to  21st  inclusive,  was:  killed,  officers 
one,  men  30;  wounded,  officers  6,  men  96;  missing  6;  total,  139.  The 
actual  loss,  including  mortally  wounded,  as  corroborated  by  Fox,  page 
274,  was:  killed,  officers  2;  men  42;  wounded,  officers  5,  men  84;  missing 
6;  total,  139.  The  officers  killed  were:  Adjutant  George  W.  Wilson,  and 
Lieut.  James  W.  Prophater  of  Company  C  who  wounded  at  this  time 
later  died  on  August  31st.  In  tables  given  by  Fox  it  appears  the  61st 
stood  16  in  the  loss  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house,  only  15  regiments  in 
the  entire  army  having  greater  carnage.  The  total  loss  of  the  army,  as 
given  by  Gen.  Humphreys,  was:  killed,  3,047;  wounded,  12,675;  missing, 
2,001;  total,  17,723.  He  says  the  total  wounded  and  missing  for  the  16 
days  from  May  5th  to  21st  was  33,110,  and  counting  4,225  sent  to  the 
rear  sick,  the  aggregate  loss  was  37,335  for  the  Wilderness  and  Spottsyl 
vania  to  May  21st. 

Aggregating  the  61st  losses  for  the  same  16  days,  the  figures  are: 
in  the  Wilderness,  151;  at  Spottsylvania,  139;  total,  290;  and  adding  losses 
from  sickness,  say  35,  a  low  estimate,  the  regiment  was  reduced  by  at 
least  325  men,  an  average  of  more  than  20  for  each  day. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

COLD  HARBOR-FORT  STEVENS. 

"I  have  always  regretted  that  the  last  assault 
at  Cold  Harbor  was  ever  made.  No  advantage 
whatever  was  gained  to  compensate  for  the  heavy 
loss  we  sustained." 

Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  in  his  Personal  Memoirs. 

"The  President  evinced  remarkable  coolness  and 
disregard  of  danger.  He  took  his  position  at  my 
side  on  the  parapet,  and  all  my  entreaties  failed  to 
move  him,  though  in  addition  to  the  stray  shots 
which  were  constantly  passing  over,  the  spot  was  a 
favorite  mark  for  the  sharpshooters.  After  he  left 
the  parapet  he  would  persist  in  standing  up  from 
time  to  time,  thus  exposing  nearly  one-half  his  tall 
form  to  the  bullets." 

Major  General  H.  G.  Wright, 
Commanding  6th  Corps  at  Fort  Stevens. 

In  the  Military  Museum  in  Washington,  beside  the  cylindrical  glass 
case  containing  the  stump  of  the  big  tree  cut  off  at  the  Bloody  Angle  by 
minie  balls,  is  a  'smaller  glass  case  in  which,  suspended  to  a  copper  wire, 
is  something  resembling  an  autumnal  oak  leaf.  On  closer  inspection  the 
suspended  object  is  found  to  be  lead,  and  the  inscription  says  it  was 
picked  up  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house  at  the  Angle.  Two  bullets  of 
the  same  wreight  and  consistency,  going  in  opposite  directions  with  equal 
velocity,  met  in  the  air,  and  smashing,  they  spread  out  like  molten  metal, 
the  outer  edges  of  each  becoming  serrated,  bending  over  and  clasping  the 
other  as  if  still  in  mortal  strife.  This  historic  piece  of  lead  illustrates 
the  deadly  character  of  the  conflict  between  the  Union  and  rebel  armies 
as  they  faced  each  other  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house  after  the  terrible 
battles.  The  soldiers  on  both  sides  aimed  to  kill,  each  being  determined 
to  annihilate  the  other.  Never  before  had  the  Union  army  been  so 
unalterably  resolved  to  crush  rebellion  and  wipe  the  rebel  army  from  the 
earth.  And  Union  losses  only  stimulated  this  grim  determination,  not  for 
revenge,  but  through  a  distinct  understanding  that  no  peace  could  be 
secured  with  an  effective  rebel  army  in  the  field.  The  soldiers  realized 
they  were  engaged  in  a  mighty  conflict  that  shook  the  continent,  and  the 
depletion  of  their  ranks  suggested  like  or  greater  decrease  in  the  ranks  of 
the  enemy.  The  brave  spirit  of  Gen.  Grant  pervaded  the  .ranks,  and  the 


100  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

men  were  indeed  ready  to  "fight  it  out,"  regardless  of  time  or  place. 
This  spirit  never  changed,  but  rather  intensified  until  the  end. 

On  May  21st,  1864,  the  army  began  another  left  flank  movement 
toward  Richmond,  the  2d  corps,  under  Hancock,  leading.  In  order  to 
deceive  the  enemy,  the  6th  corps  was  pressed  close  to  the  enemy  and  kept 
up  a  sharp  picket  fire.  Then  later  in  the  day  it  retired  to  a  new  position 
at  the  Gayle  House,  where  a  rebel  division  attacked,  but  was  repulsed. 
The  61st,  with  the  brigade,  then  started  toward  Guinea's  Station  on  the 
Richmond  and  Potomac  Railroad,  reaching  that  place  the  next  day  at 
11  A.  M.  On  the  23d,  the  6th  corps  moved  near  the  North  Anna  River, 
camping  at  Harris'  store,  in  support  of  the  5th  corps  then  skirmishing  with 
the  enemy  across  the  North  Anna  River.  The  next  day,  May  24th,  the 
6th  corps  crossed  that  stream  four  miles  below  Jericho  Mills,  at  the  tele 
graph  road,  on  a  pontoon  bridge. 

While  moving  up  along  the  north  side  of  the  North  Anna  River 
toward  Jericho  Mills  on  the  evening  of  May  23d,  near  the  stream,  high 
banks  being  on  both  sides,  a  Union  battery  was  posted  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river,  firing  across  over  the  marching  troops  at  the  rebels,  then 
attacking  the  5th  corps  under  Gen.  Warren.  Owing  to  the  conformation 
of  the  ground,  the  roar  of  the  Union  guns  was  astounding  and  the  rever 
berations  seemed  louder  than  the  original  discharges.  Men  of  the  61st 
found  it  necessary  to  walk  on  tiptoe  and  use  other  precautions  to  avoid 
ear  ruptures.  The  air  seemed  highly  charged  with  electricity  and  the 
shocks  were  startling,  but  when  the  column  reached  a  point  where  the 
high  bluff  was  only  on  the  south  side,  the  peculiar  effect  ceased,  although 
the  number  of  guns  had  been  increased.  By  the  time  the  6th  corps  got 
into  position  to  support  Gen.  Warren,  the  enemy  had  been  repulsed  and 
the  corps  rested  all  day,  many  of  the  men  embracing  the  opportunity  to 
wash  their  clothes  and  get  rid  of  part  of  the  Virginia  soil  accumulated  in 
the  preceeding  three  weeks. 

On  May  25th  the  6th  corps  moved  up  close  to  the  rebel  fortifications, 
but  did  not  become  engaged,  beyond  a  severe  skirmish.  After  dark  on 
the  26th,  the  army  moved  back  across  the  North  Anna  and  continued  the 
march  by  the  left  flank  toward  Richmond.  The  6th  corps,  Gen.  Russell's 
1st  division  leading,  followed  the  cavalry,  Generals  Neill  and  Ricketts,  in 
charge  of  the  2d  and  3d  divisions,  camping  for  the  night  near  Chesterfield 
Station. 

The  country,  after  leaving  Spottsylvania  was  open  and  well  culti 
vated,  the  main  obstacles  being  in  the  numerous  streams  to  be  crossed, 
with  sluggish  currents  and  low  marshy  banks,  overflowing  after  every 
considerable  rain.  During  the  march  from  Spottsylvania,  the  improve 
ments  were  not  spared,  although  it  seems  no  orders  on  the  subject  were 
issued.  Day  and  night,  as  the  troops  and  trains  proceeded,  flames  and 
smoke  arose  on  every  hand,  houses,  barns,  outbuildings,  stacks  of  grain 
and  hay,  disappearing  in  all  directions. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  101 

In  the  forenoon  of  May  28th,  the  6th  corps  crossed  the  Pamunkey 
River  at  Huntley's,  four  miles  above  Hanover  Town,  and  formed  line  of 
battle,  protecting  the  road  to  Hawe's  Shop,  being  in  the  front  line  next 
to  the  cavalry.  The  Pamunkey  River  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
North  and  South  Annas.  On  the  29th,  the  6th  corps  moved  to  within 
three  miles  of  Hanover  Court-house  and  camped  for  the  night,  the  next 
morning  moving  to  Hanover  Court-house,  where  the  corps  remained  until 
the  evening  of  May  31st,  when  it  made  a  night  march  to  Cold  Harbor, 
arriving  there  at  9  A.  M.,  June  1st,  affording  timely  aid  to  Sheridan's 
cavalry,  then  hotly  engaged  with  a  large  part  of  the  rebel  army.  This 
night  march  of  fifteen  miles,  past  Hawe's  Shop  and  Old  Church,  was  hard 
on  account  of  the  suffocating  weather,  the  dusty  roads  and  poor  drinking 
water.  On  reaching  Cold  Harbor,  the  6th  corps  took  the  front  line,  pro 
tecting  the  roads  to  New  Bridge,  Despatch  Station  and  Bethesda  Church, 
fighting  all  day  to  keep  back  the  rebel  forces  trying  to  recapture  the  place. 
That  evening  at  7  o'clock,  an  attack  was  made  on  the  rebels,  the  6th  corps 
advancing  with  its  right  under  Gen.  Ricketts  on  the  Richmond  Road. 
Next  to  Ricketts  was  Russell's  division,  then  Getty's  2d  division  under 
Neill,  Neill's  brigade  under  Bidwell  being  on  the  extreme  left  and  part  of 
the  time  refused  so  as  to  protect  the  rear.  To  the  right  of  the  6th  corps 
was  the  18th  corps  under  Gen.  W.  F.  Smith,  just  arrived  as  reinforce 
ments  from  the  White  House  on  the  Peninsula.  A  bloody  fight  ensued, 
the  6th  corps  capturing  500  prisoners  and  driving  back  the  enemy  from 
his  main  line.  In  this  engagement,  which  lasted  about  an  hour,  the  6th 
corps  lost  1,200  killed  and  wounded.  Both  the  6th  and  18th  corps  in 
trenched  the  position  they  gained.  In  the  morning,  June  2d,  the  2d 
corps  came  up  on  the  left  of  the  6th  corps,  and  Getty's  2d  division  then 
moved  from  the  left  to  the  right  of  the  6th  corps,  relieving  part  of  the 
18th  corps.  Heavy  skirmishing  was  kept  up  all  day,  and  an  attack 
ordered  for  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  but  later,  on  account  of  the 
intense  heat,  the  attack  was  postponed  until  4:30  the  next  morning,  June 
3d.  The  rebel  position  was  naturally  strong  and  was  well  fortified,  with 
open  ground  in  front  nearly  all  along  the  line.  The  right  rested  on  the 
Chickahominy  -in  a  swamp  about  three  miles  from  the  main  Richmond 
defenses,  while  the  left  was  out  of  sight  in  the  wooded  swamps,  the  sources 
of  the  Totopotomoy  and  Matadequin  Creeks.  It  being  impracticable  to 
assail  either  flank,  Gen  Grant  decided  to  assault  the  rebel  center.  About 
five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  June  2d,  it  began  to  rain  and  continued 
nearly  all  night,  to  the  great  relief  of  the  troops.  The  rebel  works  were 
to  be  assailed  by  the  2d,  6th  and  18th  corps  promptly  at  4:30;  the  hour 
fixed  for  the  attack,  June  3d,  these  three  corps  advanced  under  heavy 
artillery  and  musketry  fire  and  carried  the  enemy's  advance  rifle  pits,  but 
the  resistance  now  became  hotter  from  a  cross-fire  of  artillery  nearly  all 
along  the  Union  line.  Still  the  troops  ran  up  close  to  the  main  intrench - 
ments,  maintaining  their  position  in  some  places  within  thirty  yards  of 


102  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

the  rebel  works.  The  Union  loss  was  enormous,  especially  in  brigade  and 
regimental  commanders,  who  bravely  led  their  men.  The  fight  only 
lasted  about  an  hour,  and  in  that  time  the  three  corps  lost  over  4,000 
men.  Including  the  5th  and  9th  corps,  cooperating,  the  total  loss  was 
5,600.  The  6th  corps  made  this  assault  by  advancing  its  entire  line, 
Russell's  division  on  the  left,  Rickett's  in  the  center,  and  Getty's  com 
manded  by  Neill,  on  the  right.  The  6th  corps  had  to  endure  an  enfilad 
ing  fire  from  both  right  and  left,  yet  it  captured  and  held  the  rebel  works 
in  its  front,  taking  a  position  within  thirty  to  fifty  yards  of  the  main 
fortifications  of  the  enemy.  By  direction  of  Gen.  Grant,  the  order  to 
attack  on  the  morning  of  June  3d  was  suspended,  and  he  afterwards  said 
he  was  sorry  the  attack  was  made.  The  army  remained  in  the  advance 
position  it  gained  that  morning  until  June  12th,  when  it  left  for  the  move 
ment  across  the  James  River. 

Gen.  Humphreys  describes  the  sore  trials  of  the  soldiers  during  the 
nine  days  when  the  lines  were  so  close,  as  follows: — 

"The  daily  skirmishing  during  that  time  was  sharp,  and  caused  severe 
loss  in  some  divisions;  during  the  nights  there  was  heavy  artillery  firing, 
and  sometimes  heavy  musketry.  The  labor  in  making  the  approaches 
and  strengthening  the  intrenchments  was  hard.  The  men  in  the  advanced 
part  of  the  lines,  which  were  some  miles  in  length,  had  to  lie  close  in 
narrow  trenches  with  no  water,  except  a  little  to  drink,  and  that  of  the 
worst  kind,  being  from  surface  drainage;  they  were  exposed  to  great  heat 
during  the  day;  they  had  but  little  sleep;  their  cooking  was  of  the  rudest 
character.  For  over  a  month  the  army  had  no  vegetables,  and  the  beef 
used  was  from  cattle  which  were  exhausted  by  a  long  march  through 
country  scantily  provided  with  forage.  Dead  horses  and  mules  and 
offal  were  scattered  over  the  country,  and  between  the  lines  were  many 
dead  bodies  of  both  parties  unburied  in  a  burning  sun.  The  country  was 
low  and  marshy  in  character.  The  exhausting  effect  of  all  this  began  to 
show  itself,  and  sickness  of  malarial  character  increased  largely." 

After  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  an  incident  occurred  which  illust 
rates  the  exhausted  condition  of  the  soldiers.  At  the  Second  Division 
Sixth  Corps  Field  Hospital  was  a  member  of  Company  A  61st,  named 
Johnston  Walker,  a  superb  soldier  in  every  way,  who  was  sick.  He  was 
a  young  man  of  rather  dark  complexion,  and,  of  course,  bronzed  by  the 
sun.  Beside  him  was  a  sergeant  of  that  company,  also  sick.  Walker 
said  to  the  sergeant,  "I  am  very  sick;  I  am  sure  I  will  not  get  well  unless 
sent  north  for  treatment."  The  sergeant  tried  to  comfort  him,  saying 
some  soup  would  soon  be  brought  around  which  would  revive  him.  In  a 
little  while  the  division  and  brigade  surgeons  came  along  with  some 
hospital  stewards,  making  two  lists  of  the  disabled,  one  to  remain  with 
the  army,  including  those  temporarily  ill  or  slightly  wounded,  the  other 
of  those  more  seriously  disabled,  requiring  treatment  in  a  general  hospital 
in  the  north.  The  sick  and  wounded  were  lying  side  by  side  in  the  woods. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  103 

The  examiners  first  came  to  the  sergeant  and  decided  he  must  go  north 
for  treatment,  and  put  his  name  down  on  that  list.  They  then  examined 
Walker  and  said  his  illness  was  only  temporary  and  that  a  few  days'  rest 
and  a  little  nourishing  food  would  put  him  back  in  the  ranks.  He  pro 
tested,  saying  faintly  he  was  very  sick  and  could  not  live  in  that  place. 
The  doctors  said  he  was  young  and  would  soon  get  well,  declining  to  make 
any  other  disposition.  After  the  surgeons  passed,  the  sergeant  tried  to 
console  Walker  by  saying  the  surgeons  knew  his  condition  better  than 
he  did  and  he  should  be  cheered  rather  than  depressed  by  their  assurances 
he  would  soon  get  well.  However,  he  was  greatly  discouraged,  saying  the 
surgeons  did  not  understand  his  case.  The  sergeant  then,  overcome  with 
weakness  and  fatigue,  turned  over,  away  from  Walker,  and  fell  asleep;  on 
waking,  in  one  to  two  hours,  he  turned  back  toward  Walker  and  spoke  to 
him.  There  was  no  response,  and  rising  on  his  elbow,  the  sergeant  found 
that  Walker  had  died. 

Official  figures  give  the  61st  losses  at  Cold  Harbor  to  June  2d,  at  10 
wounded  and  one  missing,  total  11.  On  June  5th,  Lieut.  Price  of  Com 
pany  A,  was  wounded,  and  that  heroic  officer,  when  informed  he  must  go 
to  the  rear  for  treatment,  actually  shed  tears,  saying  he  did  not  want  to 
"leave  the  boys."  Others  were  wounded  of  whom  there  is  no  official 
account,  and  a  large  number  in  the  regiment  were  disabled  by  sickness. 
The  total  loss  of  the  army  at  Cold  Harbor,  as  given  by  Gen.  Humphreys, 
was  12,970,  of  whom  1,905  were  killed.  These  figures  are  very  unre 
liable,  as  admitted  by  the  author,  who  says  there  is  no  official  report  on 
file  for  the  6th  corps  or  for  any  of  its  divisions. 

While  the  army  was  fighting  at  Spottsylvania  and  moving  down  to 
wards  Cold  Harbor,  Gen.  Sheridan  was  doing  great  things  with  the  cavalry 
and  was  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  as  an  all-around  commander.  In  his 
first  general  fight  with  the  rebel  cavalry,  he  was  victorious  at  Yellow 
Tavern  May  llth,  near  Richmond,  killing  the  rebel  general  Stuart.  The 
rebel  cavalry  was  also  defeated  at  Hanover  Town,  Hawe's  Shop  and  Cold 
Harbor,  in  all  of  which  Sheridan  showed  brilliant  talent  as  a  field  fighter. 

On  June  9th  it  was  determined  to  move  the  army  across  the  James 
River,  and  for  that  purpose  a  new  intrenched  line  six  miles  long  was 
prepared  in  36  hours,  in  rear  of  the  line  then  held  by  the  Union  army. 
One  by  one  the  various  corps  were  transferred  over  the  Chickahominy 
and  across  the  Peninsula  so  skillfully  that  the  enemy  did  not  know  what 
was  going  on  until  it  was  too  late  to  interfere. 

The  James  River  was  to  be  crossed  at  Wilcox  Landing,  nearly  opposite 
Charles  City  Court-house,  a  distance  for  some  of  the  troops  of  over  40 
miles  from  Cold  Harbor  by  the  road  used,  and  in  reaching  that  point  the 
Chickahominy  River  had  to  be  bridged  and  crossed  at  three  places  for  the 
2d  and  5th  corps  at  Long  Bridge,  the  6th  and  9th  corps  lower  down  at 
Jones  Bridge,  and  the  trains  still  farther  down  at  Windsor  Shade's  Land 
ing. 


104  SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 

The  movement  began  after  dark  June  12th,  the  order  specifying  the 
roads  for  each  corps  and  providing  when  they  were  on  the  same  road  which 
should  have  precedence,  and  where  all  should  stop  at  night.  This  order 
may  be  found  in  Gen.  Humphrey's  book,  page  426,  and  will  repay  perusal 
by  any  one  interested  in  the  highest  development  of  military  science  relat 
ing  to  the  movement  of  troops  and  trains  in  the  face  of  an  active  and 
intelligent  enemy.  Gen.  Washington  maneuvered  his  army  in  1781  over 
much  of  the  same  region,  but  the  Father  of  his  Country  never  dreamed 
of  such  an  army  as  Grant  had  to  handle  in  June,  1864. 

Immediately  after  dark,  as  ordered,  Gen.  Warren  moved  his  5th 
corps  to  his  left  toward  Long  Bridge,  followed  by  Gen.  Hancock's  2d 
corps.  The  pontoon  bridge  at  Long  Bridge  was  laid  at  one  o'clock  A  .M. 
June  13th,  and  both  corps  crossed  as  per  program,  the  2d  corps  reaching 
Wilcox  Landing  the  same  evening  at  five  o'clock.  The  6th  and  9th 
corps  moved  as  ordered,  crossing  the  Chickahominy  on  a  pontoon  bridge 
at  Jones  Bridge,  all  of  the  corps  concentrating  near  Charles  City  Court 
house  by  morning,  June  14th,  and  holding  the  roads  to  Wilcox  Landing  on 
the  James  River.  In  this  march  the  61st  broke  its  Cold  Harbor  camp  at 
midnight  June  12th,  having  been  left  as  rear  guard.  The  next  night  the 
regiment  bivouaced  six  miles  from  Charles  City  Court-house.  Some  of 
the  regiment,  having  been  on  picket  duty,  had  no  sleep  the  night  of  the 
llth-12th,  and  therefore  found  it  hard  to  keep  up  with  the  column.  That 
day  familiar  places  were  observed,  recalling  the  campaign  of  1862. 

The  pontoon  bridge  across  the  James  River  was  laid  between  Wind 
mill  Point  and  Fort  Powhattan,  where  the  river  was  2100  feet  wide. 
The  depth  in  mid-channel  was  from  70  to  100  feet.  The  tidal  current 
was  strong,  the  rise  and  fall  being  four  feet.  The  number  of  pontoons 
used  was  101,  and  in  the  center  above  and  below  they  were  anchored  to 
vessels  moored  for  that  purpose.  In  the  middle  there  was  a  draw  for  the 
passage  of  boats.  The  bridge  was  commenced  from  each  end,  successive 
pontoons  and  rafts  being  used.  The  work  of  laying  the  bridge  began  at 
four  o'clock  P.  M.,  June  14th,  and  was  finished  at  midnight,  the  total 
time  being  eight  hours.  By  midnight  of  the  16th  the  whole  army,  with 
all  its  trains,  was  over.  On  June  15th  and  16th,  the  61st,  with  other 
troops,  acted  as  rear  guard,  while  the  troops  and  trains  crossed  the  James 
River,  some  in  transports  and  some  on  the  long  pontoon  bridge.  The 
line  of  the  6th  corps  as  rear  guard  was  shortened  until  only  the  2d  division 
remained  on  the  north  side,  which,  after  the  cavalry  had  crossed,  followed 
the  trains  over  the  pontoon  bridge  and  proceeded  to  Petersburg  on  the  17th, 
taking  position  near  the  Appomattox  River  on  the  right  of  the  Union 
army. 

These  marches  were  extremely  trying,  but  the  men  believed  they 
would  soon  end  the  war  and  were  buoyant  in  spirit,  if  weary  in  body. 
On  June  18th  the  61st,  with  other  forces,  advanced  in  support  of  some 
colored  troops,  helping  them  to  hold  two  small  forts  and  some  rifle  pits 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  105 

they  had  bravely  taken.  For  three  days,  picket  firing  was  incessant, 
every  head  exposed  on  either  side  being  in  danger.  Midnight  June  21st 
the  regiment  moved  six  miles  to  the  left  near  the  Jerusalem  plank  road, 
later  taking  position  facing  the  Weldon  Railroad,  the  picket  line  being 
on  that  road,  where  the  61st  remained  most  of  the  time  for  two  weeks, 
doing  picket  duty  and  having  some  time  to  recuperate,  Capt.  Rendenbach 
being  still  in  command  of  the  regiment. 

On  June  29th  hard  fighting  was  heard  to  the  left,  and  the  61st,  with 
other  troops,  started  on  a  forced  march  to  the  left,  going  to  Reams  Sta 
tion  on  the  Weldon  and  Petersburg  Railroad.  Here  Gen.  Wilson,  with 
his  cavalry,  trying  to  return  after  a  raid,  was  roughly  handled,  losing  all 
his  artillery  and  a  large  number  of  his  men.  His  raid  had  lasted  ten 
days,  during  which  the  men  were  in  the  saddle  nearly  all  of  the  time 
marching  over  300  miles  and  destroying  60  miles  of  railroad.  The  6th 
corps  did  not  arrive  in  time  to  save  Wilson,  tut  buried  some  of  his  dead 
and  rescued  some  of  his  artillery.  The  6th  corps  returned  the  next 
day,  June  30th,  to  its  place  in  the  line,  where  it  remained  until  July 
6th,  when  the  3d  division  under  Gen.  Ricketts  was  sent  to  Baltimore  and 
took  part  on  the  9th  in  the  battle  of  Monocacy  under  Gen.  Lew  Wallace. 
In  this  fight  Gen.  Ricketts,  conspicuous  for  his  gallantry,  was  wounded. 

At  midnight,  July  9th,  the  other  two  divisions  of  the  6th  corps  marched 
14  miles  to  City  Point  and  embarked  for  Washington,  arriving  there  on 
the  afternoon  of  the  llth,  and  marched  up  Seventh  Street  toward  Fort 
Stevens  as  the  rebel  general  Early  marched  down  the  same  street  toward 
that  fort.  When  the  6th  corps  landed  on  the  Sixth  Street  dock,  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  was  there  with  his  black  clothes  and  tall  hat.  He  was  much 
pleased  to  see  the  "boys"  of  the  6th  corps,  and  talked  familiarly  with 
many  of  them.  Major  Crosby,  of  the  61st,  wounded  in  the  Wilderness, 
was  in  a  hospital  in  Washington,  and  when  he  heard  the  6th  corps  was 
coming,  applied  for  leave  to  join  his  regiment.  His  application  was  re 
fused  on  the  ground  that  his  wound  in  the  head  was  not  sufficiently  healed 
to  permit  wearing  a  hat  or  going  where  there  was  dust,  and  overheating 
would  be  dangerous.  Nevertheless,  he  went  to  a  livery  stable,  hired  a 
horse  and  joined  the  regiment,  taking  command,  as  he  was  the  ranking 
officer.  When  nearing  the  regiment  at  Fort  Stevens,  having  returned  his 
horse,  a  fellow  officer  met  Crosby,  who  was  then  on  foot,  and  begged  him 
to  return  because  of  his  feeble  condition.  This  he  refused  to  do  saying, 
"I  must  go  to  my  boys." 

The  column,  on  leaving  the  dock,  moved  past  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitute,  the  Patent  Office,  and  the  Postoffice,  people  lining  the  streets  all 
the  way,  many  remarks  being  made,  "It  is  the  old  6th  corps.  Those  are 
the  men  who  took  Marye's  Heights,"  and  other  observations  about  the 
soldiers  and  the  states  from  whence  they  came.  Flags  and  handkerchiefs 
waved  from  the  windows  and  house-tops,  greeting  the  men  as  they  "stepped 
out"  with  a  lively  swing  .over  the  cobblestone  pavements.  The  61st 


106  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

camped  for  the  night  with  the  brigade  in  rear  of  Fort  DeRussey.  During 
the  forenoon  of  July  12th  the  various  Union  commanders  about  the 
National  Capitol  got  their  men  into  position  for  resistance,  the  rebel 
skirmishers  in  the  meantime  advancing  within  rifle  shot  of  the  principal 
defences  arid  sending  their  bullets  whizzing  over  Fort  Stevens,  keeping 
the  inexperienced  troops  in  a  state  of  nervous  excitement  and  spreading 
terror  among  the  government  officials. 

Finally,  in  the  afternoon,  Gen.  Wright,  having  sifted  the  wild  and 
conflicting  rumors  and  obtained  definite  information  as  to  the  position 
of  the  enemy,  made  preparation  for  an  attack.  Up  to  that  hour  the 
Union  forces  were  all  invisible,  concealing  themselves  in  the  forts  and 
rifle  pits.  The  artillery  in  the  forts  was  making  some  noise,  but  accom 
plished  nothing.  About  foui  o'clock,  the  3d  brigade  2d  division  6th 
corps,  under  Gen.  Bidwell,  was  ordered  to  the  front,  and  soon  moved  for 
ward  in  the  open  ground  before  Fort  Stevens  and  formed  for  the  attack 
as  follows: — First  line,  77th  N.  Y.,  7th  Maine  and  49th  N.  Y.;second 
line,  43d  N.  Y.,  61st  Pennsylvania,  and  122d  N.  Y.  These  two  lines 
were  each  about  1000  feet  long  and  were  to  move  over  open  fields  without 
any  protection.  The  enemy  was  about  half  a  mile  away,  sheltered  by 
buildings  and  trees,  with  wire  and  rail  fences  to  obstruct  the  Union  ad 
vance.  The  forts  now  opened  firing  over  the  6th  corps  brigade,  aiming 
at  some  rebel  batteries  that  had  concentrated  a  heavy  fire  on  the  troops 
while  they  were  forming. 

It  was  an  anxious  moment  around  that  locality  and  excitement  ran 
high,  the  only  cool  men  being  those  standing  in  line  of  battle,  waiting 
for  the  order  to  advance.  President  Lincoln,  then  a  candidate  for  re 
election  on  a  war  platform,  was  in  Fort  Stevens,  gazing  at  the  soldiers 
about  to  move.  Stevens,  the  6th  corps  historian,  stood  on  the  parapet 
of  Fort  Stevens  and  saw  it  all.  On  page  378  he  describes  the  fight  as 
follows:— 

"The  flag  of  the  Seventy-seventh  waved  the  signal  of  readiness,  the 
heavy  ordnance  in  the  fort  sent  volley  after  volley  of  thirty-two  pound 
shells  howling  over  the  heads  of  our  men  into  the  midst  of  the  rebels,  and 
through  the  house  where  so  many  of  them  had  found  shelter,  and  then  at 
the  command  of  Sedgwick's  'men  of  iron,'  the  brave  fellows  started  eagerly 
forward.  They  reached  and  passed  the  skirmishers,  and  the  white  puffs 
of  smoke  and  the  sharp  crack  from  their  rifles  became  more  and  more 
frequent,  first  the  rattle  of  an  active  skirmish,  and  then  the  continuous 
roar  of  a  musketry  battle. 

"In  magnificent  order  and  with  light  steps  they  ran  forward,  up  the 
ascent,  through  the  orchard,  through  the  little  grove  on  the  right,  over 
the  rail  fence,  up  to  the  road,  making  straight  for  the  first  objective  point, 
the  frame  house  in  front.  The  rebels  at  first  stood  their  ground,  then 
gave  way  before  the  impetuous  charge. 

"The  President,  the  members  of  his  cabinet  and  the  ladies,  as  well 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  107 

as  the  military  officers  in  the  fort,  and  the  crowd  of  soldiers  and  citizens, 
who  had  gathered  about  it  to  witness  the  fight,  watched  with  breathless 
interest  the  gallant  advance  as  our  boys  pushed  forward,  keeping  their 
line  of  battle  perfect,  except  when  now  and  then  some  regiment  having 
the  advantage  of  ground,  in  its  eagerness  got  a  little  in  advance  of  others, 
until  they  saw  the  rebels  take  to  flight.  Then  the  crowd  at  the  fort  rent 
the  air  with  exultant  cheers,  and  as  the  boys  reached  the  house,  the  people 
were  wild  with  excitement,  shouting  and  clapping  their  hands,  leaping  and 
dancing  with  joy. 

"But  the  rebels  did  not  yield  without  resistance.  They  met  our  men 
bravely,  and  though  forced  to  seek  safety  in  flight,  turned  and  poured 
their  volleys  into  the  ranks  of  the  pursuers. 

"Lieutenant-Colonel  Johnson,  commanding  the  Forty-ninth,  a  brave 
man,  who  had  never  shrunk  from  danger,  and  who  had  shared  all  the 
varied  fortunes  of  the  brigade  since  its  organization,  fell  mortally  wounded. 
Colonel  Visscher,  of  the  Forty-third,  who  had  but  lately  succeeded  the 
beloved  Wilson,  was  killed.  Major  Jones,  commanding  the  Seventh 
Maine,  was  also  among  the  slain;  and  Major  Crosby,  commanding  the 
Sixty-first  Pennsylvania,  who  had  but  just  recovered  from  the  bad  wound 
he  received  in  the  Wilderness,  was  taken  to  the  hospital,  where  the  sur 
geons  removed  his  left  arm  from  the  shoulder.  Colonel  French,  of  the 
Seventy-seventh,  was  injured,  but  not  seriously.  The  commanding 
officer  of  every  regiment  in  the  brigade  was  either  killed  or  wounded. 

"While  the  battle  was  in  progress,  President  Lincoln  stood  upon  the 
parapet  of  the  fort  watching,  with  eager  interest,  the  scene  before  him. 
Bullets  came  whistling  around,  and  one  severely  wounded  a  surgeon  who 
stood  within  three  feet  of  the  President.  Mrs.  Lincoln  entreated  him  to 
leave  the  fort,  but  he  refused;  he,  however,  accepted  the  advice  of  Gen. 
Wright  to  descend  from  the  parapet  and  watch  the  battle  from  a  less 
exposed  position. 

"We  gathered  our  dead  comrades  from  the  field  where  they  had 
fallen,  and  gave  them  the  rude  burial  of  soldiers  on  the  common  near 
Fort  Stevens. 

"But  though  no  concourse  of  citizens  followed  the  patriots  to  their 
humble  resting-place,  though  no  bands  waited  the  solemn  dirge,  and  no 
casket  but  the  earth  enclosed  their  remains,  their  deeds  were  not  for 
gotten.  Their  memory  was  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of  the  people;  and 
after  a  few  weeks  their  remains  were  exhumed  from  their  scattered  graves, 
they  were  placed  together  in  a  little  enclosure  on  the  sunny  slope  in  front 
of  the  fort,  and  a  beautiful  monument  tells  the  story  of  their  noble  sacri 
fice." 

The  enemy  was  vigorously  followed  until  ten  o'clock,  when  the 
pursuers  stopped  near  Tenallytown  for  the  night.  The  next  day  Gen. 
Wright  followed  the  rebel  general  Early,  camping  for  the  night  at  Pooles- 
ville,  Maryland,  35  miles  from  Fort  Stevens.  The  following  day,  July 


108  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

14th,  Early  escaped  across  the  Potomac  at  White's  Ford,  thus  ending  the 
raid  on  Washington. 

The  battle  of  Fort  Stevens  was  a  bloody  conflict  for  the  number 
engaged,  as  indicated  by  the  fact  that  every  regimental  commander  on 
the  Union  side  was  killed  or  wounded.  The  61st,  of  200  men  in  line,  lost 
6  killed,  including  Lieut.  William  Laughlin  of  Company  B,  then  acting 
as  adjutant,  and  25  men  wounded,  including  Major  Crosby,  who  lost  an 
arm. 

Company  A,  at  Fort  Stevens,  had  two  brothers,  Aseph  and  John 
Ellis,  both  excellent  soldiers;  a  brother  of  the  two  men,  in  Company  A 
belonged  to  the  7th  Wisconsin,  named  Horace  A.  Ellis,  who  at  the  time 
was  in  Washington  recovering  from  wounds.  He  left  the  hospital,  got  a 
gun  and  took  his  place  with  Aseph  and  John,  serving  with  distinguished 
gallantry.  When  the  fight  ended,  John  was  among  the  killed,  the  two 
surviving  brothers  burying  him  on  the  field.  Horace  then  returned  to 
the  hospital  and  later  to  his  regiment,  with  enhanced  reputation  as  a 
courageous  man,  ready  to  do  more  than  his  duty. 

In  his  book  entitled  "The  Shenandoah  Valley"  in  the  series  called 
"Campaigns  of  the  Civil  War,"  Mr.  Geo.  E-  Pond,  referring  to  Fort 
vStevens,  said: — 

"Rarely  did  a  minor  engagement  present  so  clear  an  opportunity  for 
viewing  its  progress,  and  rarely  for  such  a  scene  was  a  more  memorable 
group  of  spectators  assembled.  On  the  parapet  of  Fort  Stevens  stood  the 
tall  form  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  by  the  side  of  General  Wright,  who  in  vain 
warned  the  eager  President  that  his  position  was  swept  by  the  bullets  of 
sharpshooters,  until  an  officer  was  shot  down  within  three  feet  of  him,  when 
he  reluctantly  stepped  below.  Sheltered  from  the  line  of  fire,  Cabinet 
officers  and  a  group  of  citizens  and  ladies,  breathless  with  excitement, 
watched  the  fortunes  of  the  fight.  Strange  as  was  this  spectacle  at  the 
gates  of  the  national  capitol,  it  would  have  seemed  stranger  still  to  the 
onlookers,  could  they  have  known  that  in  the  camp  yonder,  as  if  in  typical 
contrast  to  the  figure  on  the  parapet,  stood  one  who  four  years  before  had 
been  the  Vice- President  of  the  United  States. 

"It  was  no  mock  battle  that  these  spectators  witnessed.  Stretchers 
soon  came  from  the  field  by  scores,  with  their  ghastly  loads;  the  hospitals 
in  the  rear  of  the  fort  were  astir;  and  here  and  there,  dotting  the  meadow, 
the  orchard  and  the  dusty  highway,  lay  many  a  lad  for  whom  the  wild 
cheers  of  the  crowd  fell  on  deaf  ears." 

In  certain  proceedings  of  the  Fort  Stevens  Lincoln  Military  Memorial 
Association,  the  names  of  the  61st  killed  July  12th,  1864,  are  reported 
as  follows: — Lieut.  Wm.  Laughlin,  Co.  B.,  Andrew  Ashbaugh,  Co.  H., 
Philip  Bowen  and  John  Ellis,  Co.  A,  Edward  Garvin,  Co.  I,  and  H.  Mc- 
Intire,  whose  company  has  not  been  ascertained.  Alexander  Moore  of 
Co.  A  was  mortally  wounded  and  died  soon  after  the  battle.  First  Ser 
geant  Wm.  L.  Buchanan,  Co.  A,  then  in  command  of  that  company,  was 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  109 

wounded,  losing  an  arm.  Daniel  H.  Bee  of  the  same  company  was, 
wounded,  losing  a  leg.  Wm.  H.  Stanley,  J.  Harvey  Work,  and  S.  W. 
McCoy,  of  the  same  company  were  wounded.  Walter  Sobbee,  Co.  G, 
and  Henry  W.  Wise,  Co.  I,  were  also  among  the  wounded.  A  complete 
list  of  the  wounded,  however,  cannot  be  made  from  available  data. 

After  the  death  of  Lieut.  Laughlin,  of  Co.  B,  who  was  acting  as 
Adjutant,  Lieut.  John  Caldwell  of  Co.  F  assumed  the  duties  of  Adjutant 
and  displayed  a  coolness  and  efficiency  rarely  equaled  on  the  battle  field. 
Lieut.  Caldwell  relates  this  incident.  While  the  fight  was  going  on  and 
the  lines  were  close  , separated  only  at  some  points  by  a  cedar  hedge  fence, 
he  noticed  a  soldier  lying  with  his  gun  cocked  pointing  through  the  hedge 
fence  at  the  enemy.  The  Lieutenant  said  he  was  glad  to  see  him  doing 
his  duty.  Getting  no  response  he  tapped  his  foot,  to  get  his  attention, 
and  then  discovered  that  the  man  was  dead,  having  been  shot  through 
the  head  by  a  rebel.  That  dead  soldier  pointing  at  the  enemy  with  cocked 
gun  was  John  Ellis,  of  Co.  A,  a  man  noted  for  bravery  and  fidelity. 


CHAPTER  X. 

SHENANDOAH  VALLEY. 

"'Cypher' 

Executive  Mansion. 
Washington,  Sept.  20,  1864. 
"Major  General  Sheridan, 
Winchester,  Va. 

"Have  just  heard  of  your  great  victory.  God 
bless  you  all,  officers  and  men.  Strongly  inclined 
to  come  up  and  see  you." 

A.  Lincoln. 

"Far  down  the  road  from  among  the  crowd  of 
fugitives,  where  no  man  on  that  field  cared  to  look, 
came  a  murmur  like  the  breaking  of  the  surf  on  a  far- 
off  shore.  Nearer  it  drew,  grew  louder,  and  swelled 
to  a  tumult.  Cheers,  the  cheers  of  the  stragglers. 
As  the  men  instinctively  turned  toward  the  sound, 
they  were  seized  with  amazement  to  see  the  tide  of 
stragglers  setting  strongly  toward  the  south.  Then 
out  from  among  them,  into  the  field  by  the  road 
side,  cantered  a  little  man  on  a  black  horse,  and 
from  the  ranks  of  his  own  cavalry  arose  a  cry  of 
'Sheridan.'  Through  all  the  ranks  the  message 
flashed,  and,  as  if  it  had  been  charged  by  the  electric 
spark,  set  every  man  on  his  feet  and  made  his  heart 
once  more  beat  high  within  him." 

Col.  Richard  B.   Irwin, 
In  History  of  the  19th  Army  Corps. 

Published  by  Putnam's  Sons, 
New  York  and  London. 

The  6th  corps  commander,  Gen.  H.  G.  Wright,  was  put  in  control 
of  all  troops  in  the  field  pursuing  Early 's  retreating  rebels.  On  July 
16th,  the  61st,  with  the  corps,  waded  the  Potomac  at  White's  Ford,  the 
water  in  some  places  being  three  feet  deep,  requiring  all  equipment  to 
be  held  up  out  of  water.  The  next  day  the  regiment  passed  Leesburg, 
proceeding  later  to  Snickers  Gap,  where  some  resistance  was  made  by 
part  of  the  rebel  army,  but  was  soon  brushed  away.  On  July  20th  the 
6th  corps  returned  through  Snickers  Gap,  making  a  forced  night  march 
toward  Washington,  continuing  on  the  21st  until  the  troops,  from  heat 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  111 

and  fatigue,  were  prostrated  to  the  extent  of  half  the  command,  straggling 
being  the  rule  instead  of  the  exception.  The  next  day,  the  23d,  the 
corps,  passing  Drainsvillc,  crossed  the  Potomac  at  Chain  Bridge,  and 
camped  for  the  night  at  Fort  Gaines  near  Washington,  where  the  corps 
remained  two  days,  awaiting  transportation  back  to  Petersburg. 

But  on  the  26th  owing  to  another  rebel  raid  into  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland,  the  6th  corps  started  from  Tenallytown,  crossed  the  Monocacy 
River  at  the  junction,  passing  through  Frederick,  Maryland,  crossing  the 
Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry  and  going  into  position  at  Halltown  on  the 
29th  with  Gen.  Crook's  forces,  then  arriving  from  Sharpsburg.  This 
march,  which  lasted  four  days,  covered  a  hundred  miles  of  dusty  roads  in 
the  hottest  season  for  that  section  of  country.  The  very  next  day,  at 
noon,  the  6th  corps,  with  Crook's  troops,  faced  about,  recrossed  the 
Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry  and  marched  to  Frederick  and  then  to  Emmet ts- 
burg,  holding  the  passes  of  the  South  Mountain  against  a  supposed  in 
vasion  by  the  rebel  troops  that  burned  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  on 
July  30th.  A  defensive  position  was  taken  on  the  Monocacy,  where  the 
army  remained  until  August  6th,  when  it  moved  once  more  over  the  Poto 
mac  at  Harper's  Ferry,  taking  position  again  at  Halltown.  Some  of  the 
troops,  including  the  61st,  were  transported  from  Monocacy  Junction  to 
Harper's  Ferry  by  rail. 

These  marches  and  counter-marches  caused  more  real  hardships  than 
the  61st  had  ever  before  endured.  Sunstroke  was  frequent  and  heat 
prostrations  were  occurring  constantly;  besides,  there  was  a  discouraging 
element  in  the  fact  that  the  power  controlling  the  troops  seemed  unsteady, 
if  not  irrational,  and  the  various  marches  were  ordered  apparently  without 
any  consideration  for  the  trials  involved,  as  if  the  men  were  so  many 
automatic  machines  without  sensations  of  any  kind ;  but  a  new  era  dawned 
on  the  morning  of  August  7th,  when  Major  General  Philip  Henry  Sheridan 
published  an  order  assuming  command  of  all  the  troops  in  that  region. 
As  the  fame  of  this  celebrated  fighter  and  his  heroic  soldiers  was  to  fill 
the  nation,  a  word  about  Gen.  Sheridan  is  needed  in  this  place.  At  that 
time  he  was  of  slight  build,  under  the  average  height,  5  feet,  5  inches, 
weighing  about  one  hundred  and  fifteen  pounds,  with  brown  hair  and 
whiskers.  He  possessed  a  nervous,  sanguine  temperament,  and  when 
riding  over  battlefields  had  a  habit  in  times  of  excitement  of  extending  his 
legs  to  a  position  nearly  at  right  angles  with  his  body;  this  was  an  exhibi 
tion  of  physical  energy  properly  belonging  to  a  person  of  great  mental 
activity. 

In  1864  and  until  the  close  of  the  war  he  rode  a  jet-black  horse  called 
Rienzi,  which  was  presented  to  him  by  Captain  A.  P.  Campbell  of  the  2d 
Michigan  Cavalry  in  1862.  This  horse  had  three  white  feet,  was  sixteen 
hands  high,  strongly  built,  with  great  powers  of  endurance.  The  animal 
gained  lasting  renown  by  carrying  Sheridan  from  Winchester  to  the  Cedar 
Creek  battle  "twenty  miles  away,"  as  described  in  the  poem  of  T.  Buc- 


112  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

hanan  Read  entitled  "Sheridan's  Ride."  a  ride  with  only  one  rival  in 
American  history,  that  of  Paul  Revere. 

Although  Sheridan  decided  quickly  and  acted  instantly,  his  head 
was  always  clear  and  his  plans  bore  no  trace  of  undue  haste.  He  had 
military  capacity  of  the  very  highest  order  and  was  equally  at  home  in 
handling  infantry,  cavalry  and  artillery.  Like  Napoleon  he  made  plans 
and  moved  troops  with  amazing  rapidity  and  the  results  always  showed 
that  his  conclusions  were  sound.  He  had  the  power  possessed  only  by 
great  generals,  of  inspiring  those  under  him  with  limitless  confidence  in 
his  ability,  thus  securing  devotion  of  men  and  hearty  cooperation  on 
the  part  of  officers. 

The  Shenandoah  Valley,  starting  in  the  heart  of  Virginia  and  extend 
ing  nearly  to  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  walled  on  either  side  by  high 
mountains,  with  fine  roads,  fertile  fields  and  numerous  streams  of  pure 
water,  was  an  inviting  highway  for  military  movements  from  south  to 
north  and  from  north  to  south.  The  Shenandoah  River  running  through 
this  valley  joins  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry  where  the  great  east  and 
west  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  crosses  the  latter  stream. 

The  Shenandoah  Valley  was  the  scene  of  active  military  operations 
from  the  early  part  of  1861  until  March,  1865.  Up  to  the  autumn  of  1864 
the  battles  were  numerous  and  bloody,  the  losses  severe,  but  the  results 
always  indecisive  except  that  each  campaign  shattered  the  reputation  of 
at  least  one  Union  general.  For  a  dozen  of  them  it  was  the  "Valley  of 
Humiliation."  In  July,  1861,  the  venerable  Gen.  Patterson,  with  half  a 
century  of  martial  renown,  lost  his  reputation  by  allowing  the  rebel  army 
to  get  away  from  his  front  near  Winchester  and  help  to  defeat  the  Union 
army  at  Bull  Run.  Later  Gen.  Fremont,  the  "Pathfinder,"  candidate 
for  President  in  1856,  aided  in  making  a  great  reputation  for  Stonewall 
Jackson  by  retreating  from  before  him  in  confusion  at  Cross  Keys.  Gen. 
vShields  was  defeated  at  Port  Republic,  Banks  at  Front  Royal,  Milroy  at 
Chester  Gap;  Sigel,  with  his  German  reputation  gained  in  the  Rebellion 
of  1848,  fell  back  before  the  enemy  from  Newmarket,  while  Hunter,  baffled 
and  chagrined  near  Lynchburg,  marched  hundreds  of  miles  through  the 
Kanawha  Valley  away  from  the  enemy,  leaving  his  department  wholly 
unprotected  from  invasion. 

Sheridan  now  for  the  first  time  has  an  independent  command,  which 
he  is  to  exercise  in  a  battle-scarred  region  in  which  no  Union  general  ever 
gained  any  lasting  renown.  His  army,  though  made  up  of  detachments 
and  fragments,  is  thoroughly  representative  of  the  best  type  of  American 
soldier,  both  as  to  quality  and  as  to  the  localities  from  whence  they  came. 
From  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  Sheridan  has  the  6th  corps,  whose  badge, 
the  Greek  Cross,  has  been  conspicuous  on  every  battle-field  of  that  army. 
He  gets  two  divisions  of  the  19th  corps  fresh  from  Louisiana,  with  a 
brilliant  record  of  achievements  in  opening  the  Mississippi  River  and 
cutting  off  Arkansas  and  Texas  from  the  Confederacy.  The  Army  of 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  113 

West  Virginia,  sometimes  called  the  8th  corps,  has  joined  him  in  fighting 
its  way  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Lynchburg  in  rear  of  Lee's  left  flank 
and  returning  by  way  of  the  Kanawha  Valley  and  the  Ohio  River.  The 
Army  of  the  Potomac  also  furnishes  two  divisions  of  cavalry  and  the  Army 
of  West  Virginia  also  brings  its  two  divisions  of  horsemen.  In  the  cavalry 
corps  is  three  regiments  of  regulars,  and  Sheridan  has  ten  batteries  of 
United  States  regular  artillery. 

Aside  from  the  regulars  credited  to  no  particular  place,  seventeen 
states  are  represented  in  this  consolidated  army  and  share  in  the  glory 
it  achieved.  Regiments  or  batteries  were  furnished  by  each  of  the  six 
New  England  states,  and  by  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin 
and  Iowa.  The  troops  were  well  officered.  Gen.  Wright  commanded  the 
6th  corps,  Gen.  Emory  the  19th,  Gen.  Crook  the  Army  of  West  Virginia, 
and  Gen.  Torbert  the  cavalry.  Many  subordinate  officers  in  this  army 
are  now  historic  personages  of  large  proportions.  Col.  Rutherford  B. 
Hayes,  commander  of  a  brigade  under  Crook,  consisting  of  two  Ohio  and 
two  West  Virginia  regiments,  reached  the  presidential  office  in  twelve 
years.  Major  William  McKinley,  an  aide  on  Gen.  Crook's  staff,  was 
made  president  in  thirty- two  years.  Col.  J.  Warren  Keifer,  command 
ing  a  brigade  in  the  3d  division,  6th  corps,  became  speaker  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives  in  seventeen  years.  Sheridan  himself 
became  commander-in-chief  of  the  whole  army  in  nineteen  years,  while 
Custer,  Merritt,  Wilson  and  others  reached  high  ranks  and  enduring 
fame  as  military  leaders. 

The  rebel  army  opposed  to  Sheridan  commanded  by  Gen.  Jubal  A. 
Early,  included  a  body  of  fine  soldiers;  half  of  the  infantry,  all  of  the 
artillery,  and  all  of  the  cavalry  but  one  regiment,  were  from  Virginia, 
many  coming  from  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  One  regiment  of  cavalry 
was  from  Maryland,  and  the  other  half  of  the  infantry  came  from  North 
and  South  Carolina,  Louisiana,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  Mississippi.  As 
subordinates  Early  had  some  good  officers  such  as  Generals  Gordon, 
Ramsuer,  Fitzhugh  Lee,  Lomax,  Kershaw,  Pegram  and  others. 

Sheridan  had  the  greater  number  of  men,  but  the  difference  was 
very  little  and  the  advantage  was  always  with  the  rebels  in  position  and 
in  intimate  familiarity  with  the  country.  The  rebels  also  had  the  ad 
vantage  of  Sheridan  in  the  fact  that  they  knew  all  his  movements  through 
friendly  inhabitants  and  reliable  secret  channels  of  information  called 
the  "Grape- Vine  Route." 

On  August  10th  Sheridan's  army  of  26,000  moved,  the  6th  corps 
going  through  Charlestown  and  Summit  Point  to  Clifton,  occupying  the 
right  of  the  army.  On  August  llth  the  6th  corps  moved  to  the  Perry ville 
and  Winchester  Pike,  and  later  took  position  on  the  road  between  Win 
chester  and  Front  Royal,  proceeding  the  next  day  to  Cedar  Creek,  remain 
ing  there  until  the  13th.  On  August  14th,  the  6th  corps  crossed  Cedar 


114  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Creek  and  occupied  the  heights  near  Strasburg.  On  the  15th  the  6th 
corps  started  back  through  Winchester,  and  by  the  18th,  after  consider 
able  maneuvering,  it  camped  at  Flowing  Spring,  21-2  miles  west  of  Charles- 
town,  on  the  Smithfield  Pike,  remaining  there  until  August  21st.  This 
place  is  sometimes  called  Welch's  Spring,  from  the  name  of  a  resident 
near  the  position  of  the  6th  corps.  Company  A  of  the  61st  enlisted 
August  21st,  1861,  for  three  years,  and  its  time  was  therefore  out  on 
August  21st,  1864,  for  the  original  men  who  did  not  reenlist.  On  the 
day  last  mentioned,  the  rebels,  becoming  uneasy  as  to  Sheridan's  inten 
tions,  moved  against  him  with  a  strong  force,  driving  in  the  Union  cavalry 
pickets  on  the  Opequon  and  following  them  so  rapidly  that  the  infantry 
was  reached  and  assailed  without  notice.  The  part  taken  in  that  battle 
by  the  61st  is  told  in  J.  M.  Walker's  Diary,  written  at  the  time,  as  fol 
lows  : — 

"Our  last  day.  We  were  surprised  this  morning  by  the  rebels  coming 
down  on  our  pickets  on  the  Pike  and  driving  them  back.  The  61st  chosen 
from  our  brigade  to  go  to  their  support.  Regiments  followed  one  after 
another  till  three  regiments  from  our  brigade  were  on  the  line,  and  the 
61st  engaged  with  the  enemy.  Are  losing  good  many  men.  Lieut. 
Price  wounded  again,  we  fear  mortally.  The  regiment  still  remains 
on  the  line  at  noon,  and  ammunition  is  being  taken  to  it.  We  had  lost 
four  officers  at  noon.  The  regiment  is  being  relieved  at  dark.  Skirmish 
ing  has  been  brisk  all  day.  Two  men  of  Company  A  wounded,  but  not 
forced  to  leave  the  field.  Loss  of  regiment,  4  killed,  18  wounded,  1  miss 
ing.  Lieut.  Price,  at  hospital  in  Baltimore,  died  of  the  wounds  received." 

Capt.  Lewis  Redenbach  of  Company  B,  then  in  command  of  the 
regiment  was  mortally  wounded,  he  and  Lieut.  Isaac  N.  Price  both  dying 
from  their  wounds  in  the  hospital  at  Baltimore.  When  Capt.  Redenbach 
was  wounded,  Capt.  W.  J.  Glenn  of  Company  E  took  command  of  the 
regiment,  but  received  a  severe  wound  within  half  an  hour,  when  the 
command  was  assumed  by  Capt.  Chas.  S.  Greene  of  Company  I.  Lieut. 
John  Caldwell  of  Company  B  was  also  wounded,  the  report  of  casualties 
being,  2  officers  killed  and  2  wounded,  6  men  killed  and  15  wounded; 
total,  25.  The  total  loss  in  the  engagement,  mainly  in  the  2d  division 
6th  corps,  "whose  conduct,"  Gen.  Wright  says,  "on  this  occasion  cannot 
be  too  highly  praised,"  was  260  killed  and  wounded.  At  midnight  follow 
ing  the  battle,  Sheridan  again  moved  back  to  Halltown,  where  the  6th 
corps  formed  on  the  right  of  the  army.  The  retrograde  movements  of 
Sheridan  were  approved  by  Gen.  Grant,  as  it  was  understood  Early  had 
been  largely  reinforced,  rendering  it  prudent  to  act  temporarily  on  the 
defensive. 

Gen.  Sheridan  therefore  ended  his  first  series  of  movements  without 
any  general  battle,  and  people  at  the  north,  ignorant  of  the  real  siua- 
tion,  began  to  add  his  name  to  the  melancholy  list  of  Valley  incompetents. 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  115 

Reporting  the  military  operations  in  that  region,  Mr.  Pond,  in  his 
book  already  referred  to,  says: — 

"What  a  story  of  marchings  and  countermarchings  the  soil  of  the 
lower  valley  might  tell.  What  a  history  is  that  of  its  villages  from  1861 
to  1865 — now  in  Secession  and  anon  in  Union  keeping;  sometimes  shelter 
ing  'Yanks'  at  dawn,  swarming  with  'Rebs'  at  noon,  and  again  sleeping 
under  the  stars  and  stripes  at  night,  'We  have  walked  the  pike-road  so 
often,'  writes  an  Alabama  officer,  'that  we  know  not  only  every  house, 
fence,  spring  and  shade  tree,  but  very  many  of  the  citizens,  their  wives 
and  children.'  The  Valley  turnpike  had  come  to  be  known  as  the  race 
course  of  armies." 

After  various  movements  and  some  hard  fighting  by  portions  of  the 
cavalry,  the  army  again,  on  September  3d,  moved  forward  to  its  Clifton- 
Berryville  position,  where  an  epoch  was  reached  in  the  history  of  the 
61st  regiment.  The  three  years  for  which  the  regiment  enlisted  having 
expired,  on  September  3d,  the  officers  and  men  then  present  were  ordered 
to  the  rear  to  receive  their  discharges.  Exactly  how  many  men  were 
affected  by  this  order  does  not  appear  from  available  data.  James  M. 
Walker  of  Company  A,  in  his  diary  of  September  3d,  1864,  says  he  filled 
out  as  clerk  thirty  discharges  for  his  company,  which  included  those  in 
hospitals,  camps,  fields  and  rebel  prisons.  He  says: — "About  15  men  of 
Company  A  and  about  70  from  the  regiment,  supplied  with  ammunition 
if  need  be  to  fight  our  way  back  to  Harper's  Ferry,  bid  adieu  to  our  old 
and  new  comrades  near  Berryville,  Virginia.  Fortunately  we  had  no  need 
of  our  one  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition.  Soon  after  dark  we  fell  in 
with  a  squadron  of  cavalry  in  charge  of  supply  wagons  on  a  road  converg 
ing  toward  ours.  At  first,  fearing  they  were  of  Mosby's  gang,  we  had 
thrown  out  skirmishers  and,  while  we  moved  very  quietly,  had  excited 
their  suspicions,  and  pickets  were  thrown  out  by  them.  Both  soon 
breathed  freer  when  the  true  situation  was  ascertained.  They  took  the 
advance  and  we  the  rear  of  the  trains,  until  we  reached  Hall  town  on  the 
heights  approaching  Harper's  Ferry,  when  we  turned  into  some  old  houses 
and  slept  a  while.  From  Harper's  Ferry  September  4th  by  rail  to  Balti 
more  ;  thence  on  the  6th  to  Harrisburg.  On  the  7th  we  were  mustered  out 
at  Camp  Curtain,  and  each  squad,  as  soon  as  paid  off,  started  for  home, 
sweet  home/' 

The  regiment  was  now  reduced  to  a  battalion  of  five  companies,  A 
to  E  inclusive,  and  placed  under  command  of  Capt.  Chas.  S.  Greene  of 
Company  C,  then  senior  officer,  Capt.  Robt.  L.  Orr  being  on  Gen.  Getty's 
staff  at  division  headquarters.  How  many  veterans  and  recruits  were 
left  does  not  appear  by  any  satisfactory  data,  but  Bates,  in  his  history, 
says  the  battalion  at  the  Battle  of  Opequon,  sixteen  days  later,  numbered 
125. 

The  61st  remained  in  camp  near  Berryville  until  Sept.  13th,  when 
the  2d  division  6th  corps  made  a  reconnaissance  with  Merritt's  cavalry 


116  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

to  Gilbert's  Ford  on  the  Opequon,  where  a  skirmish  resulted  in  a  loss  of 
12  men  wounded,  none  of  them  in  the  61st  so  far  as  the  report  shows. 

On  September  17th,  1864,  Gen.  Grant  visited  Sheridan  at  Charles- 
town  for  a  personal  conference,  with  a  definite  plan  of  campaign  in  his 
pocket,  but  he  found  it  unnecessary  to  make  any  suggestion,  simply  tell 
ing  the  younger  commander  to  "go  in." 

At  one  o'clock  A.  M.,  September  19th,  1864,  Sheridan's  whole  army 
was  in  motion  for  his  first  battle  as  an  independent  commander.  The 
day  was  fine,  the  plan  was  good,  the  troops  were  confident  of  success. 
Every  lover  of  military  movements  should  read  the  account  of  this  stirring 
battle  in  full  as  given  by  Pond  in  his  "Shenandoah  Valley,"  by  Irwin  in 
his  "History  of  the  19th  Corps,"  by  Sheridan  himself  in  his  "Memoirs" 
and  by  others.  Wilson's  cavalry  before  daylight  moved  across  the  Opequon 
at  the  Berryville  Canon,  capturing  the  rebel  pickets  and  then  galloping 
up  the  canon  about  two  miles  to  the  head  of  the  gorge.  They  seized  the 
fortified  position  at  that  point  and  began  deploying  right  and  left  so  as 
to  hold  the  place  until  the  6th  and  19th  corps  came  up  as  fast  as  legs 
could  carry  them.  While  advance  regiments  of  cavalry  were  getting  into 
position  in  the  gray  of  dawn,  an  amazing  incident  took  place.  Gen.  Mc- 
Intosh,  commanding  the  brigade  in  front,  sat  on  his  horse  near  the  road, 
his  aide,  Major  A.  C.  Houghton,  beside  him,  when,  gazing  to  the  front 
in  a  small  valley,  they  were  startled  to  see  a  strong  infantry  force  only 
300  yards  away,  about  five  times  their  own  number,  rapidly  advancing 
to  recapture  the  position.  At  that  moment,  the  second  Ohio  cavalry 
mounted,  stood  in  the  road  waiting  to  take  its  place  in  the  line.  Mc- 
Intosh  was  an  experienced  soldier,  and  he  realized  that  the  position  which 
was  really  the  key 'to  the  whole  battlefield  would  be  lost  in  three  minutes 
unless  something  desperate  was  done.  The  general  therefore,  through 
Houghton,  ordered  the  2d  Ohio  cavalry  to  charge  the  advancing  infantry. 
The  regiment  then  numbered  about  500  men  and  was  to  charge  a  body 
of  infantry  numbering  not  far  from  3,000.  The  2d  Ohio  drew  sabers  and 
moved  instantly,  first  at  a  trot  and  then  at  a  gallop,  dashing  into  the  rebel 
infantry  with  a  wild  Indian  yell  the  regiment  had  learned  on  the  western 
plains.  Many  saddles  were  emptied,  but  the  troopers  kept  on  cutting 
right  and  left  with  their  swords  until  the  infantry  formations  were  broken 
up  so  that  it  required  ten  minutes  to  reform.  In  the  meantime  a  battery 
of  artillery  got  into  position  and,  aided  by  the  cavalry  already  in  line,  held 
back  the  rebel  infantry,  until  the  6th  and  19th  corps  arrived  and  relieved 
the  cavalry,  which  then  moved  to  thellnion  left,  where  it  operated  for  the 
balance  of  the  day. 

At  the  gorge  Sheridan  placed  Getty's  2d  division  6th  corps  on  the 
left  next  to  the  cavalry  facing  Winchester,  then  came  Rickett's  3d  division 
of  the  same  corps,  and  behind  these  two  divisions  stood  Russell's  1st 
division  in  reserve.  The  19th  corps  was  to  the  right  of  Rickett's,  Grover's 
division  in  the  front  line  and  Dwight's  a  little  to  the  right  and  rear,  Tho- 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  117 

burn's  and  Duval's  divisions  of  the  8th  corps  being  on  the  right  of  the  19th 
corps.  To  the  right  and  rear  of  all  the  infantry  at  Stephenson's  Depot 
was  Torbert  with  two  divisions  of  cavalry. 

This  latter  force  of  horsemen  attacked  early  in  the  morning,  Merritt's 
division  on  the  left  and  Averell's  on  the  right  of  the  Martinsburg  Pike, 
the  enemy,  cavalry  and  infantry,  retreating  rapidly  toward  Winchester. 
About  11  o'clock  Sheridan,  hearing  favorable  reports  from  Torbert,  pushed 
forward  the  entire  infantry  force,  and  the  battle  became  general  all  along 
the  line,  artillery  and  musketry  keeping  up  an  unceasing  roar.  The  Union 
lines  steadily  advanced  for  nearly  a  mile,  but  in  the  movements  over 
uneven  ground  a  gap  was  formed  between  the  6th  and  19th  corps  into 
which  the  rebels  sent  a  strong  column,  forcing  back  the  right  of  the  6th 
corps  and  the  left  of  the  19th,  and  taking  some  prisoners.  This  was  a 
critical  moment,  requiring  quick  decision  and  immediate  action  or  the 
day  was  lost.  Sheridan  was  on  the  ground  and  not  away  in  the  rear  like 
many  other  generals.  He  saw  what  was  needed  and  was  ready  to  meet 
the  emergency  without  a  moment's  delay.  Gen.  Russell's  1st  division  of 
the  6th  corps  was  still  in  reserve,  and  Sheridan  ordered  it  into  this  gap  to 
meet  the  victorious  rebels  rushing  forward  with  truimphant  cheers. 
Russell,  an  educated  and  experienced  soldier,  was  just  the  man  for  such 
a  task,  and  his  division  of  veterans  knew  how  to  move  and  how  to  fight, 
and  they  "splendidly  improved  a  golden  opportunity."  The  rebels  were 
checked  and  driven  back,  and  Russell's  division  stood  in  line  with  the 
other  divisions  of  that  corps,  but  Russell  fell  in  the  hour  of  his  great 
triumph.  While  supervising  the  formation  of  his  lines  a  bullet  struck 
him  in  the  left  breast,  inflicting  a  severe  wound,  of  which,  however,  he 
never  spoke,  but  kept  on  fearlessly  pressing  his  men  to  the  front  until  a 
fragment  of  a  shell  hit  him,  passing  through  his  heart. 

Sheridan  at  this  time  stopped  an  hour  to  straighten  his  lines  and  get 
fresh  supplies  of  ammunition.  He  had  now  no  reserves,  all  his  forces 
being  in  one  line.  Every  soldier,  infantry,  artillery  and  cavalry,  was  in 
the  front  line,  which  extended  from  Abraham's  Creek  on  the  left  to  Well- 
town  Road  on  the  right.  About  3  P.  M.  the  struggle  was  renewed  by  the 
infantry,  and  the  enemy  forced  back  by  5  o'clock  into  their  fortifications 
in  the  suburbs  of  Winchester,  from  which  they  were  soon  driven  at  all 
points  and  fled  through  the  town  as  darkness  ended  the  bloody  conflict. 

Sheridan  inflicted  a  loss  on  the  enemy  of  4,000  men,  of  whom  2,000 
were  prisoners,  and  he  captured  five  guns.  His  own  loss  was  very  heavy, 
amounting  to  5,035,  of  whom  658  were  killed,  3,759  wounded  and  618 
missing.  Russell,  a  brevet  major-general,  was  among  the  killed,  and 
Mclntosh,  the  hero  of  the  early  morning  lost  a  leg.  Early's  killed  included 
Generals  Rodes  and  Godwin,  and  his  wounded  Generals  Fitz  Lee,  York 
and  Col.  Patton. 

In  the  battle,  the  troops,  though  operating  together  for  the  first 
time,  all  did  well.  The  19th  corps  from  the  southwest  was  not  surpassed 


118  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

by  the  6th  corps  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  the  8th  corps,  after 
its  rough  experience  at  Lynchburg,  maintained  its  high  reputation  for 
gallantry,  while  the  cavalry  left  nothing  to  be  desired  in  point  of  heroic 
service.  This  army  in  a  single  day  gained  confidence  in  itself  and  in  all 
its  parts,  as  well  as  unbounded  faith  in  its  new  commander-in-chief. 

In  this  battle  the  61st  went  in  with  3  officers  and  125  men,  losing  3 
killed  and  15  wounded,  including  among  the  latter  Capt.  Chas.  S.  Greene, 
commanding  the  regiment,  who  lost  his  right  eye  and  had  his  jaw  fractured, 
the  command  then  devolving  on  Capt.  David  J.  Taylor. 

The  next  day  after  the  battle  of  the  Opequon,  at  daylight,  the  enemy 
was  followed  up  the  valley  to  Fisher's  Hill,  a  precipitous  bluff  two  miles 
south  of  Strasburg,  where  Early  stood  at  bay  in  a  strongly  fortified  posi 
tion.  Sheridan  moved  up  close  all  along  the  line  and  began  a  lively 
skirmish,  especially  along  Tumbling  Run,  where  a  hot  little  fight  occurred 
for  the  possession  of  a  high  point  overlooking  the  enemy's  line,  which  was 
gained  on  September  21st.  Sheridan  now  determined  to  flank  the  enemy 
on  the  right,  his  works  being  too  strong  to  attack  in  the  front.  In  order 
to  deceive  the  rebels,  he  fortified  and  put  artillery  in  position  as  if  for  a 
regular  siege.  Meantime,  with  the  utmost  secrecy,  the  infantry  was  shifted 
to  the  right,  the  8th  corps  being  used  as  the  turning  column  to  get  clear 
around  in  rear  of  the  rebels.  This  work  was  done  by  Gen.  Crook  and 
his  veterans  in  a  most  admirable  manner,  marching  all  day  on  the  22d 
through  valleys  and  along  hillsides.  Finally,  just  before  sundown,  having 
gained  the  rebel  rear  and  approached  near  his  lines,  under  cover  of  woods, 
Crook's  two  divisions,  under  Thoburn  and  Duval,  rushed  across  the 
intervening  space  and  captured  the  entire  line  before  the  rebels  could 
recover  from  their  surprise.  In  a  few  minutes  the  6th  and  19th  corps 
descended  into  the  ravine  and  scrambled  up  on  the  other  side,  joining 
Crook  and  sweeping  the  whole  rebel  army  off  the  field  in  utter  confusion. 
Sixteen  guns  were  captured  and  1,300  prisoners,  with  a  Union  loss  of 
only  400. 

In  this  battle  Sergeant,  afterwards  Captain,  Sylvester  D.  Rhodes, 
Company  D,  for  distinguished  gallantry  was  awarded  a  medal  of  honor. 
He  was  then  in  command  of  the  company,  and  lead  it  with  such  bravery 
that  his  conduct  attracted  the  attention  of  the  brigade  commander,  who 
recommended  that  the  honor  be  conferred. 

The  next  day  after  the  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill,  Sheridan  followed  the 
retreating  enemy  and  kept  up  from  day  to  day  until  he  reached  Harrison- 
burg,  whence  cavalry  detachments  were  sent  to  other  points.  At  Harrison- 
burg  and  about  Port  Republic,  Mount  Crawford  and  Bridgewater,  Sheri 
dan  remained  until  October  6th,  1864.  At  that  time  the  Union  army 
started  back  down  the  valley,  the  infantry  going  ahead  and  the  cavalry 
following  stretching  from  the  Blue  Ridge  to  the  North  Mountain.  In 
obedience  to  orders  from  Gen.  Grant,  the  cavalry  now  proceeded  to  make 
that  valley  untenable  for  an  army  so  far  as  supplies  were  concerned;  the 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  119 

mills,  barns  and  crops  being  all  given  to  the  flames,  producing  huge  clouds 
of  smoke,  filling  the  valley  from  one  mountain  wall  to  the  other. 

Early,  having  been  reinforced  by  Kershaw's  infantry  and  Rosser's 
cavalry,  followed  Sheridan,  increasing  in  boldness  each  day  until  on  the 
8th  of  October  the  attacks  on  the  Union  rear  guard  by  the  rebel  cavalry 
became  unbearable.  On  the  evening  of  that  day  Sheridan  told  Torbert 
he  must  give  Rosser  a  "drubbing"  next  morning  or  get  whipped  himself, 
and  that  he  Sheridan,  would  ride  to  Round  Top  Mountain  to  see  the  fight, 
That  night  Torbert  concentrated  his  troops  for  the  spectacular  battle 
at  Tom's  Brook.  Merritt  and  Custer  commanded  the  two  Union  divisions, 
while  Rosser  commanded  the  rebels,  consisting  of  the  divisions  of  Lomax, 
Wickham  and  Pollard.  The  forces  were  nearly  evenly  matched  as  to 
numbers,  and  the  infantry  on  both  sides,  with  the  army  commanders,  were 
to  be  spectators.  Torbert  and  his  troops  were  in  their  saddles  at  dawn  on 
October  9th,  Custer  on  the  right  and  Merritt  on  the  left.  The  country 
was  open  and  both  sides  fought  on  horseback,  chiefly  with  the  sabre.  The 
rebels  were  not  unwilling  for  the  contest,  and  they  fought  heroically,  neither 
side  gaining  much  for  two  hours.  The  cavalry  batteries  on  both  sides  were 
very  active  and  did  not  hesitate  to  plant  their  guns  on  the  very  front 
lines.  Many  charges  and  counter-charges  were  made,  the  enemy  yield 
ing  first  on  the  flanks,  but  holding  on  in  the  center.  Custer  and  Merritt 
then  went  at  them  in  a  charge  all  along  the  line,  when  the  rebel  formations 
broke  and  the  retreat  soon  became  a  total  and  demoralizing  rout.  Merritt 
followed  Lomax  26  miles  to  Mount  Jackson,  while  Custer  chased  Rosser 
to  Columbia  Furnace.  Merritt  captured  five  cavalry  guns  and  Custer 
six,  as  fair  a  division  as  could  be  made  where  the  total  number  was  uneven. 
About  300  prisoners  were  captured.  Gen.  Sheridan  called  the  engage 
ment  the  Battle  of  Tom's  Brook,  but  the  citizens  of  that  region,  being 
disgusted  with  their  cavalry  because  of  its  inglorious  retreat,  baptized 
the  action  as  the  "Woodstock  races."  It  is  said  some  of  the  captured 
artillery  was  new,  fresh  from  the  famous  Tredegar  Works,  and  that  the 
loss  of  these  guns  gave  point  to  the  jest  that  cannon  sent  from  Richmond 
to  the  valley  were  marked,  "P.  H.  Sheridan,  care  of  General  Early." 

After  this  fight,  Sheridan,  without  any  further  molestation  from  his 
enemy,  moved  his  army  back  to  Cedar  Creek  into  the  position  substantially 
which  it  occupied  at  the  time  of  the  battle,  October  19th,  1864. 

On  October  14th,  1864,  Gen.  Sheridan's  army  was  on  the  left  bank 
of  Cedar  Creek  just  above  its  junction  with  the  Shenandoah  River.  Tho- 
burn's  division  of  the  8th  corps  was  on  the  extreme  left,  then  came  the 
other  division  of  that  corps  under  Gen.  R.  B.  Hayes  and  a  provisional 
division  under  Gen.  Kitchings.  Each  of  these  divisions  occupied  a  sepa 
rate  position,  having  elevations  well  adapted  for  front  defense.  To 
the  right  of  these  troops  was  Grover's  division  of  the  19th  corps,  and  on 
its  right  was  Dwight's  division  of  the  same  corps.  This  infantry  line  was 
not  straight,  but  to  some  extent  was  made  to  conform  to  the  windings 


120  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

of  Cedar  Creek,  and  the  various  hills  and  plains  affording  good  positions. 
As  it  has  been  said,  the  infantry  was  in  echelon,  the  8th  near  the  junction 
of  the  creek  and  the  river,  the  19th  at  the  right  and  rear  of  the  8th,  and 
the  6th  at  the  right  and  rear  of  the  19th.  The  8th  and  the  19th  corps 
were  intrenched;  the  6th,  being  practically  in  rear  of  the  19th,  was  not 
fortified.  Merritt's  and  Custer's  divisions  of  cavalry  were  on  the  right 
of  the  6th  corps  and  Powell's  division  was  on  the  left  of  the  8th  corps. 
The  artillery,  about  60  guns,  was  at  various  points  along  the  line. 

These  several  positions  are  distinctly  indicated,  so  that  the  reader 
may  understand  the  marvellous  conflict  here  to  occur  within  a  week, 
where  the  rebels  win  a  brilliant  victory  by  a  night  march,  and  a  daring 
morning  assault,  capturing  24  guns,  many  prisoners  and  camp  equipage, 
but  sustaining  a  crushing  defeat  in  the  afternoon,  losing  their  captured 
property  and  a  large  part  of  their  own  artillery. 

While  the  army  occupied  the  positions  indicated  in  this  statement, 
Sheridan  was  requested  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  go  to  Washington  for 
consultation,  and,  leaving  Gen.  Wright  in  command,  he  started  on  October 
16th,  arriving  in  Washington  next  morning  at  eight  o'clock.  Before  the 
consultation  took  place,  Sheridan  arranged  for  a  special  train  to  leave 
Washington  at  12  o'clock  noon  over  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Road  for 
Martinsburg.  Finishing  his  business  at  the  War  Department,  Sheridan 
started  back  at  noon  and  reached  Martinsburg  that  evening,  28  miles  from 
Winchester.  The  next  morning,  October  18th,  Sheridan,  accompanied 
by  staff  officers  and  an  escort  of  300  cavalry,  proceeded  on  horseback  to 
Winchester,  arriving  about  4  P.  M.  He  retired  about  10  o'clock,  after 
aacertaining  that  all  was  quiet  along  the  lines  held  by  the  troops. 

Leaving  Sheridan  asleep  in  Winchester,  let  us  see  what  an  experience 
is  preparing  for  his  army,  still  occupying  the  positions  described.  Early, 
with  his  forces  recuperated  and  strengthened  by  5,000  recruits,  was  at 
Fisher's  Hill,  and  upon  him  Gen.  Lee  had  put  the  responsible  task  of  pre 
venting  Sheridan  from  sending  any  of  his  troops  to  reinforce  Grant  at 
Petersburg.  In  order  to  do  this  Early  made  bold  attacks  on  the  flanks 
of  Sheridan's  army  and  exercised  his  ingenuity  by  getting  up  a  bogus 
despatch  purporting  to  be  from  one  of  the  leading  Confederate  generals, 
running  as  follows: — 

To  Lieutenant  General  Early, 

"Be  ready  to  move  as  soon  as  my  forces  join 
you  and  we  will  crush  Sheridan." 

Longstreet, 
Lieutenant-General. 

This  message  was  caught  by  Union  signal  officers  as  it  was  flagged 
from  a  rebel  signal  station,  and  reported  to  Sheridan,  who  was  then  start 
ing  for  Washington.  The  subterfuge  was  suspected,  though  Sheridan 
determined  to  be  on  the  safe  side  and  therefore  ordered  the  cavalry  to  be 
more  concentrated,  and  he  was  confirmed  in  his  resolution  to  keep  all  the 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  121 

troops  he  had.  Meanwhile  Early  and  his  dauntless  lieutenants  were 
planning  more  serious  trouble  for  Sheridan's  army.  Gen.  John  B.  Gordon, 
one  of  the  most  fearless  and  accomplished  of  rebel  officers,  accompanied 
by  Capt.  Hotchkiss,  of  Early's  staff,  went  to  the  rebel  signal  station  on 
Three  Top  Mountain,  where  all  the  Union  forces  could  be  plainly  seen, 
as  well  as  the  rivers,  hills,  woods,  roads  and  fords  between  the  two  armies. 
The  exact  position  of  all  Sheridan's  forces  was  carefully  noted,  and  later 
in  the  day  a  plan  was  matured  for  a  night  march  around  the  Union  left 
and  an  attack  at  dawn  by  all  of  Early's  forces.  Gordon  was  detailed  for 
this  enterprise  with  his  own  division  and  those  of  Ramseur  and  Pegram, 
Payne's  brigade  of  cavalry  to  go  along  for  the  express  purpose  of  capturing 
Gen.  Sheridan  at  his  headquarters  in  the  Belle  Grove  House.  Early  was 
to  attack  in  person  with  the  divisions  of  Kershaw  and  Wharton  and  all 
the  artillery,  as  Gordon,  going  by  cow  paths,  could  take  none  of  it  with 
him.  Rosser's  cavalry  was  to  attack  Custer  on  the  right,  while  Lomax 
was  to  get  into  the  fight  on  the  left. 

Just  at  dark,  Gordon,  with  his  three  divisions,  started  on  their  peri 
lous  mission.  After  crossing  the  Shenandoah  River,  they  halted  at  the 
foot  of  Three  Top  Mountain  until  one  o'clock  in  the  morning;  then,  in 
perfect  silence,  they  proceeded,  crossing  the  river  again  at  Mclntorf's 
Ford,  below  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  by  four  o'clock  the  whole 
force  was  on  the  high  ground  east  of  the  8th  corps  on  its  left  flank  and  rear. 
Early  sent  Kershaw  across  Cedar  Creek  at  Roberts'  Ford  in  front  of 
Thoburn's  division,  Wharton  crossing  with  the  artillery  at  the  bridge. 
Thus  all  of  the  rebel  infantry  and  artillery  were  ready  to  attack  at  day 
light.  A  few  scattering  pickets  of  the  8th  corps  were  killed  or  captured 
and  the  rebel  plans  for  a  surprise  were  all  successful. 

Kershaw's  division  opened  the  battle  by  firing  one  volley  into  Tho 
burn's  camp  and  then  rushing  upon  it  before  the  infantry  could  get  their 
arms  or  the  artillery  could  run  to  their  guns.  As  Thoburn's  men,  startled 
by  the  roar,  came  out  of  their  tents,  they  saw  in  the  dim  light  the  ranks 
of  Kershaw's  infantry  swarming  over  the  parapets  and  taking  possession 
of  all  the  artillery.  The  gallant  Thoburn  was  killed,  a  few  of  his  brave 
men  surrendered,  but  most  of  them  ran  to  the  rear,  many  half  clad  and  a 
large  number  without  their  arms.  This  finished  one  division  of  the  8th 
corps  in  less  time  than  it  takes  to  tell  the  story.  Then,  before  any  organized 
resistance  could  be  made  to  the  rush  of  Kershaw's  men,  another  surprise 
was  furnished.  Still  farther  to  the  left  and  rear,  Gordon  with  his  three 
divisions,  suddenly  and  unheralded,  opened  a  terrific  fire  on  the  other 
small  division  of  the  8th  corps  under  Hayes  and  the  little  provisional 
division  of  Kitching.  These  troops,  in  the  darkness  just  then  augmented 
by  an  early  morning  fog,  were  trying  in  blind  bewilderment  to  form  a 
line  facing  toward  Kershaw's  attack,  failing  entirely  to  notice  the  advance 
of  Gordon  from  the  other  direction  into  their  very  midst.  Unformed  as 
they  were,  and  uncertain  as  to  what  had  happened,  these  troops  could 


122  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

offer  no  effective  resistance,  and  were  soon  forced  to  retire  toward  their 
right  and  rear,  which  took  them  pellmell  into  the  19th  corps  in  a  disor 
ganized  condition,  having  lost  all  their  artillery. 

Early  outnumbered  the  8th  corps  four  to  one,  and  he  is  now  to  hurl 
his  victorious  masses  against  the  19th  corps  which  he  outnumbers  at  least 
two  to  one.  Preparatory  to  his  attack  on  the  19th  corps,  the  rebel  com 
mander  united  the  forces  of  Gordon  and  Kershaw  and  brought  up  Whar ton's 
division  with  40  pieces  of  artillery.  All  these  forces,  flushed  with  victory 
now  assailed  the  19th  corps  on  its  rear  and  left  flank.  The  troops  made 
heroic  but  necessarily  disjointed  resistance,  and  in  a  little  while  the  whole 
line  was  forced  back  with  a  loss  of  11  guns  and  700  prisoners.  In  this  part 
of  the  battle  the  19th  corps  was  not  only  outnumbered,  but  in  the  dim 
light  of  the  morning  it  maneuvered  and  fought  under  many  disadvantages, 
and  its  retirement  was  not  a  rout,  each  brigade  going  to  the  rear  under 
orders,  Gen.  Emory,  the  corps  commander,  with  his  division  commanders, 
Grover  and  McMillen,  being  on  hand,  doing  their  full  duty. 

As  the  19th  corps  was  falling  ack,  and  before  the  fog  had  fully  lifted, 
the  6th  corps,  in  separate  divisions,  came  onto  the  field  and  took  part  in 
the  rough  and  tumble  fight  about  the  Belle  Grove  House  and  along  the 
old  Furnace  Road  and  later  in  the  cemetery.  The  6th  corps,  not  having 
been  surprised,  was  in  its  usual  condition,  minus  the  stimulation  of  coffee, 
which  the  soldiers  had  not  time  to  prepare,  and  they  had  to  be  content 
with  nibbling  hardtack  while  not  actually  loading  and  firing.  Gen. 
Wright,  in  command  of  the  army,  turned  over  the  6th  corps  to  Ricketts, 
who  was  wounded  at  seven  o'clock,  and  the  command  of  the  corps  then 
devolved  upon  Getty,  whose  division,  the  second,  was  commanded  by 
Gen.  L.  A.  Grant.  Col.  J.  Warren  Keifer,  commanded  the  3d  division 
and  Gen.  Wheaton  the  1st. 

In  the  stress  of  hard  fighting,  the  6th  corps  was  unable  to  keep  to 
gether,  and  each  division  had  a  separate  battle  of  its  own.  At  one  time 
Keifer's  3d  division  was  completely  isolated,  no  other  troops  being  within 
half  a  mile  of  it,  and  the  separate  brigades  changed  front  repeatedly  and 
faced  in  different  directions  to  repel  rebel  attacks.  The  other  divisions 
had  the  same  experience  and  at  the  end  of  the  scuffle,  when  the  rebels 
were  brought  to  bay  and  the  final  position  was  taken,  Grant,  with  his  2d 
division,  found  himself  on  the  left  of  the  army  next  to  the  Valley  Pike,  with 
Merritt's  cavalry  on  his  left;  Keifer  with  the  3d  division  being  out  of  sight 
toward  the  southwest  and  Wheaton  with  the  1st  division  somewhere 
between.  The  battle  lasted  for  five  hours  from  the  time  the  8th  corps 
was  attacked  on  the  left.  When  Early  assailed  the  19th  corps  with  his 
whole  force,  his  army  faced  westerly,  but  in  the  end  it  faced  the  north  with 
its  back  to  Cedar  Creek. 

In  the  fighting  in  the  cemetery,  about  the  Belle  Grove  House,  along 
the  Furnace  Road,  and  at  other  points,  the  rebels  were  brought  to  bay 
without  the  assistance  of  any  cavalry  except  Merritt's  division,  which 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  123 

gallantly  aided  on  the  left  to  drive  the  rebels  out  from  among  our  trains. 
Gen.  Wright,  now  considering  the  entire  situation,  decided  to  move  back 
to  a  position  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  north  of  Middletown,  being  two 
miles  back  for  some  of  the  troops  and  less  for  others.  At  ten  o'clock  this 
movement  was  nearly  completed.  Getty's  division  of  the  6th  corps,  as 
before  stated,  was  on  the  left  of  the  new  line  at  the  point  indicated,  and 
the  other  two  divisions  were  moving  to  his  right  and  the  19th  corps  was 
forming  on  the  right  of  the  6th,  and  the  8th,  under  Crook's  vigorous 
direction,  was  rallying  in  small  detachments  at  several  points,  one  part 
of  it  with  Gen.  Hayes  was  on  the  right  of  Getty's  division.  It  was  ordered 
that  the  troops,  when  formed,  be  resupplied  with  ammunition,  and  Wright 
ordered  nearly  all  of  the  cavalry  to  concentrate  on  the  left  and  told  Keifer 
and  other  officers  that  the  army  would  take  the  offensive  at  twelve  o' 
clock. 

Gen.  Wright  was  wounded,  though  he  did  not  leave  the  field.  Many 
stragglers  had  gone  to  the  rear  with  slightly  wounded  soldiers  and,  uniting 
with  the  usual  mob  of  camp  followers,  thousands  in  all,  fled  toward  Win 
chester  along  with  the  scurrying  wagon  trains,  spreading  exaggerated 
reports  of  the  disaster.  The  Union  army  had  moved  back  three  miles 
and  had  lost  up  to  that  hour  24  guns  and  about  1500  prisoners,  besides 
the  killed  and  wounded,  with  many  wagons  and  other  property,  includ 
ing  Sheridan's  headquarters.  But  the  battle  was  not  ended,  the  rebels 
had  been  roughly  handled  and  their  aggressive  fighting  was  now  confined 
to  a  little  artillery  firing  and  some  skirmishing.  The  Union  infantry  was 
in  fair  condition,  and  the  cavalry,  numbering  5,000  men,  had  scarcely 
been  used  at  all. 

Returning  to  Sheridan  at  Winchester,  we  find  about  six  o'clock  that 
morning,  October  19th,  the  officer  on  picket  informed  Sheridan  that 
cannonading  was  heard  toward  the  front.  Sheridan  asked  whether  it 
was  continuous,  and  on  being  told  it  was  not  he  did  not  rise.  In  a  short 
time,  however,  being  unable  to  sleep,  he  got  up,  dressed,  ordered  breakfast 
and  directed  that  his  horse  be  ready  to  start  in  half  an  hour.  After 
breakfast,  at  half-past  eight  o'clock,  mounted  on  Rienzi,  he  started  to 
the  front,  accompanied  by  three  staff  officers,  Col.  Jas.  W.  Forsyth, 
Major  Geo.  A.  Forsyth  and  Capt.  Jos.  O'Keefe,  two  engineer  officers  who 
had  come  with  him  from  Washington,  Colonels  Alexander  and  Thorn,  and 
a  cavalry  escort. 

Sheridan  says  as  he  passed  through  the  streets  of  Winchester  on  his 
way,  many  women  appeared  at  their  windows  and  doors,  shaking  their 
skirts  at  him  and  otherwise  boldly  exhibiting  the  utmost  contempt  and 
insolence.  From  this  it  was  plain  that  the  news  of  the  Union  disaster 
had  already  spread  through  the  town  by  the  "grape-vine  telegraph,"  as 
the  Confederate  spy  system  was  then  called.  For  half  a  mile  after  start 
ing,  Sheridan  kept  his  head  down  toward  the  pommel  of  his  saddle,  listen 
ing  to  the  sound  from  the  front  and  trying  to  interpret  it.  He  concluded 


124  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

that  it  was  coming  toward  him,  its  increase  in  volume  not  being  accounted 
for  by  the  rate  of  his  approach.  On  reaching  an  elevated  point  about 
five  miles  from  Winchester,  the  appalling  spectacle  of  a  panic  burst  upon 
Sheridan  and  his  companions.  Hundreds  of  slightly  wounded  men  and 
throngs  of  others,  unarmed  and  unhurt,  but  utterly  demoralized,  appeared 
in  the  road  with  baggage  and  supply  wagons  by  the  score,  all  pressing  to 
the  rear  in  hopeless  disorder. 

Those  to  whom  Sheridan  spoke  assured  him  the  army  was  broken 
up  and  fled,  leaving  tents  and  guns,  including  his  headquarters,  in  the 
hands  of  the  enemy.  At  this  point  Sheridan  took  Major  Forsyth  and  Capt. 
O'Keefe,  with  twenty  picked  men  from  the  escort,  and  started  on  a  run 
for  the  front,  leaving  the  others  to  stop  the  stragglers,  spread  the  news 
of  his  arrival  and  urge  the  men  to  return  to  their  commands.  As  Sheridan 
and  those  with  him  proceeded  at  a  lively  gallop  over  fences,  through  fields, 
up  hill  and  down,  they  shouted  to  the  dispersed  troops  to  hurry  back  to 
the  front.  Sheridan,  as  he  rushed  along,  kept  saying:  "We'll  sleep  in 
our  old  quarters  to-night.  You  have  gone  back  far  enough.  We  must 
recover  our  camp.  If  I  had  been  here  this  would  not  have  happened. 
Come  on  to  the  front,  boys.  Hurry  up,  never  mind  your  coffee.  Tell 
all  the  boys  to  come  to  the  front  instantly.  Never  mind,  boys,  we'll 
whip  them  yet."  and  many  other  short,  pithy  sentences.  As  he  neared 
the  front  he  took  his  hat  off,  held  it  in  his  right  hand,  and  with  the  two 
officers,  rode  ahead  of  the  escort  so  the  men  could  see  him.  The  effect  of 
this  was  little  less  than  miraculous.  He  was  received  with  demonstra 
tions  of  joy  and  enthusiasm.  The  soldiers  who  had  been  surprised  in 
the  morning  had  gone  without  breakfast,  and  it  was  then  ten  o'clock. 
They  left  their  coffee,  shouldered  their  guns  and  started  for  the  front, 
cheering  Sheridan  every  time  they  saw  him.  In  a  few  minutes  an  army 
of  men  was  running  to  the  front  faster  than  they  had  gone  to  the  rear 
five  hours  before,  seeking  their  commands.  Hundreds  of  staff  officers, 
aides,  and  orderlies  were  dashing  over  the  field  telling  of  Sheridan's  arrival, 
directing  men  where  to  concentrate,  and  assuring  them  of  a  victory  now 
that  their  trusted  chief  was  present. 

At  Newtown  Sheridan  was  obliged  to  make  a  circuit  in  order  to  get 
by  the  place  which  was  jammed  with  trains  trying  to  get  back.  While 
going  around  this  town  he  met  Major  Wm.  McKinley,  afterwards  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  then  on  Gen.  Crook's  staff.  The  Major  plunged 
into  the  motley  crowd,  spread  the  news  of  Sheridan's  arrival,  which  was 
greeted  with  cheers  and  wild  demonstrations  of  delight.  Proceeding  to  the 
front,  Sheridan  found,  as  he  says,  the  2d  division  6th  corps  in  good  order, 
facing  the  enemy.  The  1st  and  3d  divisions  of  that  corps  were  in  equally 
good  order  and  facing  the  enemy  with  the  19th  corps  and  remnants  of 
the  8th  corps,  but  Sheridan  could  not  see  them  from  the  point  where  he 
first  saw  the  left  of  the  2d  division  6th  corps.  He  was  hailed  with  every 
manifestation  of  enthusiasm.  Riding  through  the  lines  to  the  front  where 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  125 

the  pickets  were  engaged,  he  surveyed  the  region  occupied  by  the  enemy. 

Dr.  George  T.  Stevens,  who  was  with  Gen.  Wright  as  surgeon  during 
the  battle,  in  his  "Three  Years  in  the  Sixth  Corps,"  published  by  D. 
Van  Nostrand,  gives  the  following  stirring  account  of  Sheridan's  arrival 
at  the  6th  corps  position  on  the  Pike: — 

"It  was  now  ten  o'clock;  far  away  in  the  rear  was  heard  cheer  after 
cheer.  What  was  the  cause?  Were  reinforcements  coming?  Yes,  Phil. 
Sheridan  was  coming,  and  he  was  a  host.  He  had  ridden  from  Winchester 
at  amazing  speed,  and  now,  as  he  passed  the  long  trains  of  ambulances 
in  which  were  the  hundreds  of  bleeding  victims  of  the  morning's  work, 
the  wounded  men  whose  shattered  limbs  or  mangled  bodies  attested  that 
they  had  not  run  away,  raised  themselves  and  cheered  with  with  enthusi 
asm  the  hero  of  the  valley.  On  he  rode,  most  of  his  staff  left  far  in  the 
rear,  his  famous  war-horse  covered  with  foam  and  dirt,  cheered  at  every 
step  by  hundreds  of  men  in  whom  new  courage  was  now  kindled.  Dashing 
along  the  pike,  he  came  upon  the  line  of  battle.  'What  troops  are  these? 
shouted  Sheridan.  'The  Sixth  Corps,'  was  the  response  from  a  hundred 
voices.  'We  are  all  right,'  said  Sheridan,  as  he  swung  his  old  hat  and 
dashed  along  the  line  toward  the  right.  'Never  mind,  boys,  we'll  whip 
them  yet;  we'll  whip  them  yet.  We  shall  sleep  in  our  old  quarters  to 
night,'  were  the  encouraging  words  of  the  chief  as  he  rode  along,  while 
the  men  threw  their  hats  high  in  the  air,  leaped  and  danced  and  cheered 
in  wildest  joy." 

Sheridan  established  his  headquarters  in  rear  of  the  6th  corps,  where 
he  met  Gen.  Wright,  who  told  him  in  brief  what  had  happened,  where 
the  several  parts  of  the  army  were  and  what  plans  had  been  formed  for 
taking  the  offensive.  Sheridan  fully  endorsed  Wright's  plans  and  told 
him  to  resume  command  of  the  6th  corps.  At  that  time,  two  hours  after 
Sheridan  had  arrived,  the  army  was  in  line  of  battle  as  follows:  The  6th 
corps  now  united  on  the  left,  Getty's,  Keifer's  and  Wheaton's  divisions 
in  the  order  named,  then  Grover  and  McMillen  of  the  19th  corps.  Crook's 
troops  of  the  8th  corps  were  in  column  in  the  second  line.  Merritt's 
cavalry  was  on  the  left  and  Custer's  on  the  right.  After  this  infantry 
line  was  formed  which  extended  from  the  Valley  Pike  on  the  left  to  the 
Middle  Marsh  Brook  on  the  right,  a  distance  since  ascertained  of  7,400 
feet,  one  of  the  most  dramatic  incidents  of  the  war  occurred.  Sheridan 
had  been  on  the  field  since  ten  o'clock  and  the  soldiers  understood  he  had 
returned,  but  most  of  them  had  not  seen  him.  The  rebels  were  preparing 
to  attack  and  the  battle,  so  disastrous  up  to  that  time,  was  soon  to  be 
resumed.  Major  Forsyth,  who  had  accompanied  the  commander  from 
Winchester  that  morning  and  had  observed  the  enthusiasm  created  among 
the  men  by  his  presence,  now  suggested  that  he  ride  along  the  line  of 
battle  before  the  enemy  attacked.  Sheridan,  always  ready  for  anything 
stirring,  instantly  adopted  the  suggestion,  and  he  tells  the  incident  in  his 
Memoirs  in  one  short  sentence: — 


126  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

"I  started  in  behind  the  men,  but  when  a  few  paces  had  been  taken, 
I  crossed  to  the  front  and,  hat  in  hand,  passed  along  the  entire  length  of 
the  infantry  line." 

This  line  was  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  the  ground  was  uneven  and  many 
fences  had  to  be  crossed.  It  was  indeed  an  inspiring  sight  to  see  the 
expert  rider,  as  Sheridan  was,  flying  along  in  front  of  the  battle  line, 
flags  waving,  officers  saluting,  and  men  yelling  so  loud  that  it  made  one 
continuous  roar  of  greeting  to  the  chief,  and  defiance  to  the  enemy.  Rienzi 
ran  as  if  he  had  just  come  out  of  the  stable  after  a  week's  rest. 

Sheridan  wore  the  full  uniform  of  a  major-general,  blue  coat,  two  rows 
of  brass  buttons  in  groups  of  three,  gold  shoulder-straps  with  blue  fields, 
enclosing  two  silver  stars  in  each;  his  hat  was  held  in  his  right  hand,  the 
bridle  reins  in  his  left;  he  rode  alone,  his  staff  joining  him  in  the  rear  of 
the  line  as  he  returned. 

No  troops  greeted  Sheridan  on  that  ride  more  heartily  than  Crook's 
8th  corps  in  the  second  line,  notwithstanding  their  hard  luck  in  the  morn 
ing.  Most  of  the  general  officers  who  saluted  Sheridan  as  he  flew  by  were 
older  men,  but  they  were  none  the  less  devoted,  and  the  deeds  of  such  men 
with  the  other  brave  officers  in  that  line,  and  the  unconquerable  soldiers, 
will  shine  in  history  as  long  as  unselfish  gallantry  elicits  human  admira 
tion.  If  we  had  an  accurate  picture  of  that  line  of  battle  as  it  stood  there 
resolutely  waiting  for  Early's  attack,  we  should  see  toward  the  left  Gen. 
Wright,  wounded,  but  evidently  unconscious  of  it,  chief  commander  up 
to  that  time,  who  is  now  in  charge  of  his  6th  corps.  To  his  right,  but  not 
far  off,  we  would  see  Gen.  Crook  ready  for  any  emergency  with  what 
there  was  left  of  his  8th  corps.  Further  to  the  right,  we  find  Gen.  Emory 
in  charge  of  the  19th  corps.  He  has  had  two  horses  shot  under  him  and 
sits  calmly  on  the  third.  The  division  commanders  are  Getty,  Keifer, 
Wheaton,  Grover  and  McMillen,  the  latter  superseded  later  by  Dwight, 
and  Hayes.  The -other  general  officers  who  had  fallen  were  Thoburn, 
Bidwell,  Ricketts  and  Kitching. 

This  ride  along  the  battle  line  is  represented  by  the  animated  gold 
picture  of  horse  and  rider  on  the  outside  cover  of  each  volumne  of  Sheri 
dan's  Memoirs.  It  is  also  referred  to  in  Read's  poem  in  the  lines: 

"And,  striking  his  spurs  with  a  terrible  oath 
He  dashed  down  the  line  mid  a  storm  of  huzzas." 

The  effect  of  this  dash  along  the  front  was  electrifying.  It  thrilled 
every  soldier  and  filled  him  with  resistless  valor.  The  attack  of  the 
enemy  now  came,  but  was  easily  repulsed,  and  in  a  few  minutes  the  bugles 
sounded  advance  all  along  the  Union  line  and  the  men  moved  forward  in 
fine  order.  The  rebels  resisted  valiantly,  but  were  gradually  forced  back ; 
their  left  flank  turned,  the  line  of  their  retreat  threatened,  their  center 
broken,  and  towards  sundown  the  whole  of  Early's  army  was  routed,  flying 
toward  the  rear. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  127 

After  the  fight  was  fairly  on,  Sheridan,  finding  the  8th  corps  impatient 
to  do  its  part,  gave  it  an  opportunity,  and  tells  the  story  as  follows: — 

"When  I  reached  the  Valley  Pike,  Crook  had  reorganized  his  men, 
and  as  I  desired  that  they  should  take  part  in  the  fight,  for  they  were  the 
very  same  troops  that  had  turned  Early's  flank  at  the  Opequon  and  at 
Fisher's  Hill,  I  ordered  them  to  be  pushed  forward;  and  the  alacrity  and 
celerity  with  which  they  moved  on  Middletown  demonstrated  that  their 
illfortune  of  the  morning  had  not  sprung  from  lack  of  valor." 

The  number  of  men  in  Sheridan's  battle  line  as  he  galloped  along  its 
front  can  easily  be  computed.  As  before  stated,  the  length  of  the  line  was 
7,400  feet,  and  allowing,  according  to  army  tactics,  two  men  for  every 
eighteen  inches  as  they  stand  facing  the  front,  and  assuming  a  solid  line 
for  the  whole  distance,  the  total  number  was  9866;  add  the  fragment  of 
the  8th  corps  in  reserve,  which  Gen.  Hayes  says  numbered  at  least  1,000, 
and  the  total  of  all  infantry  is  10,866,  but  this  is  excessive,  because  the 
line  was  not  solid  all  the  way.  Many  small  gaps  existed  between  the 
right  of  one  organization  and  the  left  of  another;  besides,  the  artillery 
occupied  some  space.  No  more  than  10,000,  infantry  and  artillery 
included,  greeted  the  commander  as  he  dashed  along  the  line.  The 
cavalry  on  the  flanks,  did  not  exceed  5,000,  so  that  the  whole  force 
that  advanced  against  and  overthrew  Early  was  no  more  than  15,000 
men.  All  others  had  been  killed,  wounded,  captured,  dispersed,  or  con 
verted  temporarily  into  that  odious  class  called  stragglers. 

A  general  description  of  this  celebrated  battle  has  been  given  because 
a  fragmentary  account  relating  only  to  the  61st  or  its  brigade  division  or 
even  corps  would  have  no  value;  besides,  men  of  the  61st  and  their  de 
scendants  have  a  right  to  the  entire  story. 

Dr.  Stevens  was  present,  and  his  account  of  the  part  taken  by  Bid- 
well's  brigade,  which  included  the  61st,  is  here  given  as  follows: — 

"The  2d  division,  on  the  left,  nearest  the  pike,  had  received  the  most 
severe  shock  of  the  attack,  while  Bidwell's  brigade,  to  which  the  61st 
belonged,  which  held  the  extreme  left,  and  the  key  to  the  pike,  had  sus 
tained  the  attack  of  the  whole  of  Kershaw's  rebel  division,  which  came 
up  in  compact  order  to  within  very  close  range.  The  gallant  brigade 
received  the  onset  with  full  volleys,  which  caused  the  right  of  the  rebel 
line  to  stagger  back,  and  the  whole  line  was,  almost  at  the  same  moment, 
repulsed  by  the  corps.  The  cavalry,  on  our  flank — and  never  braver 
men  than  the  cavalry  of  our  little  army  mounted  saddles — were  doing 
their  best  to  protect  the  pike  leading  to  Winchester,  and  it  was  the  great 
aim  of  both  the  cavalry  and  the  single  organized  corps  of  infantry  to  hold 
this  pike;  for  on  this  depended  the  safety  of  the  whole  army,  and  more, 
of  our  cause. 

"The  rebels  checked,  Gen.  Bidwell  ordered  his  brigade  .to  charge. 
Rising  from  their  places  in  the  little  graveyard  and  the  grove,  the  brigade 
rushed  forward,  the  rebels  breaking  and  running  in  confusion  down  the 


128  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

declivity  which  they  had  but  just  ascended  with  such  confidence,  and 
across  the  little  stream.  But  the  rebel  artillery  sent  our  men  back  to  their 
places,  to  the  shelter  of  the  roll  of  ground.  The  charge  cost  us  dearly. 
Major  Brower,  of  the  122d  New  York,  lost  his  life.  Capt.  Lennon,  of 
the  77th,  was  mortally  wounded,  Lieut.  Tabor  was  killed.  Capt.  Taylor 
commanding  the  61st  Pennsylvania,  was  also  killed,  and  many  other 
valuable  lives  were  lost,  but  the  most  severe  blow  to  the  brigade  and  the 
corps  was  the  loss  of  our  gallant  Gen.  Bidwell.  He  fell,  while  bravely 
directing  the  charge,  with  a  frightful  shell  wound.  He  was  at  once  borne 
to  an  ambulance.  The  general  sent  one  of  his  staff  for  the  writer  of  these 
pages.  When  he  reached  the  general's  ambulance,  the  wounded  man 
said:  'Doctor,  I  suppose  there  is  no  hope  for  recovery.'  When  told  that 
there  was  none  he  exclaimed,  'Oh,  my  poor  wife.'  Then  after  a  moment 
he  said,  'Doctor,  see  that  my  record  is  right  at  home.  Tell  them  I  died 
at  my  post  doing  my  duty.'  A  few  hours  of  intense  suffering  and  the 
brave  man  was  relieved  by  death. 

"The  fall  of  Gen.  Bidwell  left  Col.  French,  of  the  77th,  in  command 
of  the  brigade.  The  line  was  quickly  reformed  in  the  position  from  which 
the  charge  was  made,  and  again  the  rebels  came  on  with  cheers  and  yells. 
They  were  as  bravely  met  as  before,  and  a  second  counter-charge  sent  them 
again  in  disorder  across  the  creek,  leaving  the  ground  covered  with  their 
dead  and  wounded.  The  greatest  shock  of  the  second  charge  of  the  rebels 
had  fallen  upon  our  3d  brigade,  and  nobly  had  it  been  met.  A  third  time 
Early 's  forces  came  on;  this  time  with  less  spirit.  His  men  now  knew  the 
troops  they  had  to  contend  with.  They  had  been  informed  that  the  6th 
corps  had  been  sent  to  Washington,  on  its  way  to  Petersburg.  Now  they 
discovered  the  mistake,  and  all  of  Early's  authority  was  insufficient  to 
bring  them  up  to  a  spirited  charge.  We  had  repulsed  them  three  times 
with  terrible  damage  to  their  ranks,  as  well  as  sad  loss  to  our  own.  But 
now  we  looked  toward  the  right,  and  we  saw  rebels  passing  around  our 
flank,  and  the  3d  and  1st  divisons  falling  back.  We  were  but  twelve 
thousand.  They  were  thirty  thousand,  and  their  line  far  overlapped  ours. 
When  Early  could  not  drive  us  he  went  round  us.  And  now  it  was  neces 
sary  to  take  another  position,  which  should  protect  the  road  to  Winchester, 
and  Gen.  Wright  directed  Gen.  Getty  to  fall  back  with  his  corps,  to  a 
more  commanding  position,  unless  he  saw  good  reason  for  desiring  to  hold 
his  present  position.  So  the  order  was  given  to  take  the  new  position. 

"The  6th  corps  was  not  driven  back.  It  had  thrice  repulsed  the  most 
desperate  charges  of  the  whole  rebel  army,  and  now  that  the  rebels  were 
turning  our  flank,  it  was  necessary  to  interpose  an  organized  force,  and 
there  were  no  organized  troops  except  the  cavalry." 

After  Capt.  Taylor  was  killed,  the  61st  was  commanded  by  Capt. 
John  Barrett  of  Company  G,  until  he  was  killed  in  that  part  of  the  battle 
which  occurred  after  Sheridan  arrived  on  the  field.  The  command  then 
devolved  on  2d  Lieut.  John  W.  McClay,  Co.  C,  who  was  soon  wounded, 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  129 

when  2d  Lieut.  Charles  H.  Bewley,  the  only  remaining  commissioned 
officer,  took  command. 

In  this  battle  the  61st,  numbering  about  100  men,  had  two  officers 
and  four  men  killed,  one  officer  and  ten  men  wounded  and  one  man  missing ; 
total,  18.  At  the  close  of  the  fight,  the  61st,  reduced  to  less  than  100  men, 
had  only  one  commissioned  officer  and  he  a  Second  Lieutenant. 

The  next  day  after  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Capt.  Charles  H.  Clausen 
of  Company  E,  having  recovered  from  his  wound  at  Spottsylvania  Court 
house,  returned  and  took  charge  of  his  company  and  assumed  command 
of  the  61st.  And  1st  Lieut.  Oliver  A.  Parsons  returned  the  same  day  from 
detached  duty  as  Quartermaster  at  Winchester  and  other  points,  taking 
command  of  Companies  B  and  D,  acting  also  as  adjutant. 

The  total  loss  of  Sheridan's  army  was:  killed,  52  officers,  592  men; 
wounded,  244  officers  and  3186  men;  missing,  30  officers,  1561  men;  total, 
5665.  This  famous  battle  raised  Gen.  Sheridan  to  the  rank  of  Major- 
General  in  the  regular  army,  and  filled  the  country  with  enthusiasm  for 
the  commander  and  his  brave  soldiers.  Thirteen  days  after  the  battle, 
on  November  1st,  at  Pike's  Opera  House,  Cincinnati,  the  veteran  elocu 
tionist,  James  E.  Murdock,  recited  to  a  vast  audience,  with  thrilling 
effect,  T.  Buchanan  Read's  poem  entitled  "Sheridan's  Ride,"  composed 
that  day.  This  stirring  poetry  stimulated  the  rising  tide  of  Sheridan's 
popularity,  which  his  subsequent  career  augmented,  until  he  became  the 
third  great  Union  General,  the  order  being,  Grant,  Sherman,  Sheridan. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

PETERSBURG-APPOMATTOX. 

Appomattox  Court-house,  Va.,  April  9,  1865. 
General  R.  E.  Lee,  Commanding  C.  S.  A. 

"I  propose  to  receive  the  surrender  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  on  the  following  terms: 
The  officers  to  give  their  individual  paroles  not  to 
take  up  arms  against  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  until  properly  exchanged,  and  each 
company  or  regimental  commander  to  sign  a  like 
parole  for  the  men  of  their  commands." 

Very  respectfully, 

U.  S.  GRANT, 
Lieutenant-General. 

Headquarters,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

April  9,  1865. 

"General:  I  have  received  your  letter  of  this 
date  containing  the  terms  of  the  surrender  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia.     They  are  accepted." 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

R.  E.  LEE, 

General. 

Lieutenant-General  U.  S.  Grant, 
Commanding  Armies  of  U.  S. 

The  next  day  after  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  the  61st,  with  the  2d 
division  6th  corps,  advanced  to  Strasburg,  occupying  the  front  line  next 
to  the  cavalry  pickets.  Here  the  battalion  remained  for  two  weeks, 
many  sick  and  wounded  returning,  and  recruits  to  the  number  of  180 
being  received  and  organized  into  two  companies,  F  and  G,  Lieut.  Charles 
M.  Cyphers  becoming  captain  of  Company  F  and  Lieut.  Charles 
H.  Bewley,  captain  of  Company  G,  raising  the  total  number  of 
companies  in  the  battalion  to  seven.  While  at  Strasburg  the  national 
election  was  held  and  Abraham  Lincoln  was  re-elected  by  a  large  majority 
on  a  platform  favoring  a  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war.  Later  the  61st 
returned  with  the  corps  to  Kernstown  as  a  more  convenient  place  for  getting 
supplies  and  answering  the  general  demand  for  military  service  in  that 
region. 

On  December  9th,  1864,  the  61st  with  the  6th  corps  broke  camp  and 
marched  from  Kernstown  to  Stephenson's  Depot,  taking  cars  there  for 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  131 

Washington  and  bidding  a  final  adieu  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley  with  all 
its  stirring  experiences  and  imperishable  memories.  Arriving  in  the 
National  Capitol  December  10th,  the  command  took  transport  for  City 
Point  on  the  James  River,  and  by  December  16th  the  troops  were  again 
before  Petersburg,  considering  the  important  question  of  winter  quarters. 
The  6th  corps  "boys,"  as  President  Lincoln  loved  to  call  them,  being  now 
among  the  most  renowned  soldiers  in  the  Union  Army,  received  ovations 
wherever  they  went.  The  Greek  cross  was  a  passport  to  everything  good 
to  eat  or  drink,  and  stories  of  Fort  Stevens  and  the  Valley  were  listened 
to  with  absorbing  interest. 

Upon  returning  to  Petersburg,  the  6th  corps,  after  some  changes,  was 
placed  in  the  Union  line  between  Forts  Welch  and  Fisher,  a  little  to  the 
left  of  Squirrel  Level  Road  and  in  advance  of  any  other  position,  the  61st 
being  in  the  center,  the  brigade  in  command  of  Col.  Thomas  W.  Hyde, 
the  corps  still  commanded  by  Gen.  Wright,  1st  division  by  Gen.  Wheaton, 
2d  division  by  Gen.  Getty,  the  3d  by  Gen.  Seymour.  The  position  of  the 
corps  was  about  800  yards  from  the  main  rebel  works,  the  latter  being  in 
front  of  and  about  parallel  with  the  Boydton  Plank  Road.  The  position 
of  the  corps  was  straightened  during  the  winter,  the  61st  being  occupied 
in  that  work  and  doing  picket  duty,  which  was  onerous  and  resulted  in 
almost  daily  losses. 

On  March  2d,  1865,  300  recruits  from  Allegheny  County  were  sent 
to  the  61st,  forming  three  new  companies,  taking  the  letters  H,  I  and  K. 
These  companies  were  officered  and  raised  the  number  of  companies  to 
ten,  making  once  more  a  complete  regiment  for  the  final  campaign.  The 
new  recruits  were  fine  men,  worthy  of  their  county  and  of  the  regiment 
whose  great  career  they  helped  to  round  out. 

On  the  morning  of  the  25th  of  March,  the  enemy,  under  Gen.  Gordon, 
made  a  sudden  attack  upon,  and  succeeded  in  breaking  through  the  lines 
of  the  9th  corps.  Gen.  Grant  immediately  ordered  an  advance  along  the 
entire  lines,  and  the  2d  division  of  the  6th  corps,  to  which  the  61st  belonged, 
attacked  and  carried  the  outer  lines  of  the  enemy's  fortifications  in  its 
front.  The  61st  in  the  hottest  part  of  this  fight  had  4  killed  and  14  wound 
ed.  The  new  troops  behaved  well. 

In  the  spring  of  1865  the  military  and  political  power  of  the  Con 
federacy  had  been  reduced  to  the  southern  third  of  Virginia,  and  the 
northern  third  of  North  Carolina,  bounded  by  the  Rapidan  and  Pamunkey 
rivers  on  the  north,  the  Neuse  River  on  the  south,  the  Allegheny  mountains 
on  the  west,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  east.  This  territory,  includ 
ing  about  30,000  square  miles,  was  less  than  four  per  cent,  of  the  eleven 
seceded  states,  but  two  powerful  armies  were  still  in  the  field.  One  in 
North  Carolina  under  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston,  slowly  retreating  northeast 
before  the  victorious  columns  of  Generals  Sherman  and  Schofield,  the 
other  under  Gen.  Lee  at  Richmond  and  Petersburg,  closely  beseiged  by 
the  Union  Army  under  the  personal  direction  of  Gen.  Grant,  whose  head- 


132  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

quarters  were  at  City  Point.  These  two  veteran  Confederate  armies  had 
125,000  effective  men,  one-third  with  Johnston  and  two-thirds  with 
Lee. 

The  Union  armies  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  after  deducting 
necessary  guards  for  captured  positions,  numbered  225,000.  Sherman 
and  Schofield  had  100,000  and  Grant,  after  Sheridan  joined  him,  had 
125,000  to  operate  against  Lee's  84,000.  The  Union  program  was  for 
Sherman  and  Schofield  to  crush  Johnston,  while  Grant  was  to  assail  Lee 
and  end  the  war  in  a  short  campaign.  The  Confederate  fortifications 
extended  from  Hatcher's  Run  southwest  of  Petersburg,  across  the  Appo- 
mattox  and  the  James  rivers  to  the  Chickahominy  river,  southeast  of 
Richmond,  a  distance  of  forty  miles. 

On  the  26th  of  March,  1865,  Gen.  Sheridan  ended  his  triumphant 
campaign  from  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and,  with  10,000  cavalry,  joined 
Grant  at  Petersburg.  Through  snow,  rain  and  mud,  Sheridan  had  marched 
from  Winchester,  annihilating  all  forces  sent  against  him,  damaging  the 
James  river  canal,  wrecking  all  railroads  in  the  central  part  of  the  state, 
and  destroying  vast  quantities  of  supplies  destined  for  Lee's  army. 

Grant's  lieutenants  were  Meade,  Sheridan,  Wright,  Warren,  Hum 
phreys,  Ord,  Miles,  Custer  and  others,  distinguished  for  intelligence  and 
gallantry,  while  Lee  had  with  him  the  best  Confederate  generals,  includ 
ing  Longstreet,  Hill,  Gordon,  Ewell,  Pickett,  Fitz  Lee  and  many  other 
men  celebrated  for  courage  and  capacity. 

On  the  24th  of  March,  Grant  issued  orders  for  a  combined  attack 
on  the  Confederate  lines,  to  begin  the  29th.  Sheridan  was  to  move  with 
his  cavalry,  supported  by  infantry,  to  the  left,  and  operate  on  Lee's  right 
and  rear,  cutting  off  his  communication  with  the  south,  while  the  whole 
army  was  to  co-operate  by  pressing  up  close  to  the  Confederates  and  pre 
vent  reenforcements  being  sent  to  the  point  of  attack.  The  plan,  though 
simple,  required  skill,  celerity  and  daring  for  its  successful  execution. 
Sheridan  concentrated  his  cavalry  at  Dinwiddie  Court-house,  and,  with 
the  5th  corps  of  infantry  under  Gen.  Warren,  moved  towards  Five  Forks, 
four  miles  west  of  Lee's  right  flank.  There  was  much  rain,  the  roads  were 
almost  bottomless  and  the  fields  and  woods  were  one  vast  sea  of  soft 
sticky  clay.  Still  the  troops  pressed  on,  coming  in  contact,  on  March 
31st,  with  Pickett's  infantry  and  Fitz  Lee's  cavalry,  sent  by  Gen.  Lee  to 
Five  Forks  to  meet  Sheridan.  Heavy  skirmishing  occurred  up  to  about 
4  P.  M.  April  1st,  when  a  general  attack  was  made  by  the  Union  forces. 
The  infantry,  under  Warren,  turned  the  Confederate  left,  cutting  it  off 
from  Lee's  main  army,  while  the  cavalry  attacked  in  front  and  on  the 
enemy's  right  and  rear.  The  Confederates,  protected  by  intrenchments, 
fought  desperately,  but  were  completely  overpowered,  those  not  killed  or 
wounded  surrendering,  except  a  few  disorganized  fragments  that  fled  to 
the  South  Side  Railroad,  in  the  rear  of  Lee's  main  lines.  The  Confederate 
loss  was  about  5,000  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  an  irreparable 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  133 

disaster  to  the  Confederates  and  an  inspiring  Union  victory  for  the  be 
ginning  of  the  campaign  greatly  enchancing  the  reputation  of  Sheridan  as 
a  general. 

In  order  to  keep  Lee  from  concentrating  against  Sheridan,  Grant, 
on  learning  of  the  victory,  ordered  an  immediate  attack  on  the  Confederates 
around  Petersburg,  and  all  night  long  the  artillery  through  hundreds  of 
guns,  proclaimed  to  friend  and  foe  the  last  great  battle  of  the  giants. 
It  was  like  an  earthquake  twenty  miles  long  with  perpetual  volcanic  erup 
tions.  The  roar  of  heavy  cannon,  the  flames  from  the  guns,  the  bursting 
of  shells,  the  crashing  of  missiles,  produced  an  effect  which  was  fairly 
described  by  President  Lincoln,  who  was  then  at  City  Point,  when  he 
wired  to  Washington  that  Grant  was  "smashing  things." 

The  next  morning,  Sunday,  April  2d,  1865,  at  daylight,  Lee's  forti 
fications  at  Petersburg  were  assailed  by  the  Union  forces  under  Generals 
Wright,  Humphreys,  Ord  and  Parke. 

The  successful  charge  that  morning  of  the  famous  6th  corps  forms 
one  of  the  most  thrilling  chapters  in  American  history,  and  is  also  instruc 
tive  to  those  having  a  desire  to  know  just  how  such  assaults  are  planned 
and  made.  The  corps  numbered  about  12,000,  in  three  divisions  of  4,000 
each.  It  had  gained  special  fame  by  winning  a  victory  at  Fredericksburg, 
while  Hooker  was  being  defeated  at  Chancellors ville,  in  May,  1863.  It 
divided  honors  with  the  2d  corps  at  the  Bloody  Angle  at  Spottsylvania, 
May  12th,  1864.  It  drove  the  rebel  general  Early  away  from  Washington, 
defeating  him  at  Fort  Stevens,  July  12th,  1864,  with  President  Lincoln 
as  one  of  the  spectators.  It  held  the  position  on  which  Sheridan  rallied 
the  army  after  his  celebrated  twenty-mile  ride  from  Winchester  to  Cedar 
Creek,  Oct.  19th,  1864.  It  was  the  corps  Gen.  Sheridan  especially  asked 
for  to  accompany  him  to  Five  Forks,  because  he  said  "it  was  familiar 
with  his  way  of  righting,"  and  finally,  it  was  the  corps  Gen.  Grant  had 
selected  to  make  this  final  charge. 

Gen.  Wright,  the  6th  corps  commander,  officially  reported  the  assault 
as  follows: — 

"The  troops  were  drawn  out  of  the  intrenchments,  leaving  the  smallest 
garrison  possible  in  the  forts  and  very  few  men  in  the  connecting  lines. 
The  three  divisions  were  formed  for  the  assault  just  in  rear  of  the  picket 
line;  the  first  division  on  the  right,  the  second  in  the  center,  the  third  on 
the  left,  the  center  division  being  in  advance  of  the  others.  All  were 
formed  by  brigade  with  regimental  front.  Every  precaution  was 
taken  to  insure  success.  There  were  pioneers  in  front,  and  artillerymen 
provided  with  implements  so  that  captured  guns  might  be  turned  on  the 
enemy.  Careful  instructions  were  given  to  guide  the  movement  of  the 
troops  when  they  captured  the  works. 

"There  was  not  light  enough  to  see  until  4:40  A.  M.;  by  that  time  the 
men  could  see  to  step,  though  nothing  could  be  distinguished  at  the 
distance  of  a  few  yards.  Then  the  signal,  the  firing  of  a  gun  from  Fort 


134  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Fisher,  was  given.  The  columns  moved  promptly  at  the  signal,  broke 
over  the  enemy's  picket  line,  and  poured  in  masses  over  the  main  defence, 
under  musketry  fire  from  the  parapets  and  a  heavy  artillery  fire  from  the 
batteries.  Abatis  were  cut  away,  and  through  the  openings  thus  made, 
and  through  those  made  by  the  enemy  for  his  convenience  of  access  to 
the  fort,  the  works  were  gained.  A  brief  but  sharp  conflict  occurred,  which 
soon  resulted  in  giving  us  possession  of  the  whole  front  of  attack.  Reform 
ing  the  lines,  the  troops  moved  down  the  works  to  Hatcher's  Run,  captur 
ing  all  the  artillery  and  a  very  large  number  of  prisoners.  About  7  A.  M. 
Harris'  brigade  of  Turner's  division  carried  the  enemy's  line  near  Hatcher's 
Run,  and  met  the  6th  corps  there  sweeping  everything  before  it." 

Stevens  in  his  History  of  the  6th  corps,  page  437,  gives  a  diagram  of 
this  celebrated  charge  on  April  2d,  1865,  showing  the  rebel  works  to  be 
taken,  the  three  lines  of  abatis  to  be  crossed,  also  the  swamp  and  the 
ravine.  The  corps,  knapsacks  and  canteens  being  left  behind,  was  formed 
in  the  shape  of  a  wedge.  To  the  right  and  rear  were  the  three  brigades  of 
the  1st  division,  to  the  left  and  rear  the  two  brigades  of  the  3d  division, 
while  the  three  brigades  of  the  2d  division,  advanced,  formed  the  center. 
The  3d  brigade  of  the  2d  division,  Col.  Thomas  W.  Hyde  commanding, 
formed  the  point  of  the  wedge,  the  troops  being  massed  with  regimental 
front.  That  brigade  had  four  battalions  and  two  regiments,  and  in  the 
formation  for  the  charge  two  battalions  constituted  a  line  and  each  regi 
ment  a  line.  As  the  men,  in  absolute  silence,  stood  ready  to  move,  wait 
ing  only  for  enough  of  daylight,  the  third  brigade  had  the  following  forma 
tion: — 1st  line,  49th  and  77th  New  York  battalions;  2d  line,  24  feet  back, 
1st  Maine  regiment;  3d  line,  48  feet  back,  61st  Pennsylvania  regiment; 
4th  line,  72  feet  back,  122d  and  43d  New  York  battalions.  Each  one  of 
the  four  lines  was  about  400  feet  long.  The  1st  brigade,  five  regiments, 
under  Col.  James  M.  Warner,  in  five  lines,  was  to  the  right  of  the  3d 
brigade,  the  front  line  being  about  50  feet  back.  The  2d  brigade,  under 
Brig.  Gen.  L.  A.  Grant,  six  regiments  of  Vermonters  in  six  lines,  was  to 
the  left,  on  a  position  corresponding  to  that  of  the  1st  brigade,  the  whole 
17  regiments  waiting  for  the  signal  to  move  forward.  The  other  two 
divisions  of  the  corps,  the  1st  with  19  regiments  and  the  3d  with  10  regi 
ments,  were  In  the  right  and  left  of  the  2d  division,  as  before  stated.  The 
total  frontage  of  the  corps  was  not  over  1200  feet.  In  moving  the  second 
line  waited  until  the  first  had  gone  100  yards,  and  in  like  manner  to  the 
rear,  the  lines  keeping  100  yards  apart. 

Col.  Hyde,  commanding  the  brigade,  in  his  official  report  says  on 
account  of  the  darkness  he  could  not  tell  what  regimental  colors  got  over 
the  works  first.  In  this  charge  the  61st  lost  10  killed,  52  wounded.  Among 
the  killed  was  Col.  John  W.  Crosby,  who  had  lost  an  arm  at  Fort  Stevens; 
Lieut.  Col.  Orr  and  Capt.  Parsons  were  among  the  wounded. 

Col.  Orr  made  a  statement  to  the  Historian,  in  substance  as  follows : — 

At  the  battle,  April  2d,  1865,  Sergt.  John  C.  Matthews  of  Co.  A 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  135 

carried  the  blue  state  flag  which  in  November  had  been  presented  to  Col. 
Orr  by  friends  in  Philadelphia.  When  the  Color  Sergt.,  Coon,  carrying 
the  Regimental  flag  was  wounded,  Matthews  took  the  Regimental  flag 
with  the  blue  state  flag,  carrying  both  colors  for  a  few  minutes,  till  he  met 
Col.  Orr,  who  asked  for  one  of  the  flags.  The  State  flag  was  handed  over 
to  him.  Then  Orr,  with  Matthews,  ran  along  the  line  waving  the  colors, 
rallying  the  men  for  the  last  rush.  At  the  same  time  that  Col.  Crosby 
was  killed,  Matthews  received  a  flesh  wound  in  his  right  arm,  which  he 
did  not  mention  until  after  the  fight  was  over.  Later,  Col.  Orr  handed  the 
state  flag  over  to  Sergt.  Joseph  Fisher,  whose  brave  conduct  brought 
him  a  medal  of  honor. 

Lieut.  A.  B.  Davis,  formerly  of  Co.  A,  then  a  Lieut,  in  Co.  G  was  with 
the  colors  when  they  were  planted  by  Matthews  over  the  works,  and 
actually  helped  Matthews  to  climb  over  the  wall  of  the  main  fort. 

In  his  official  report  of  this  battle,  under  date  of  April  20th,  1865,  Gen. 
Getty,  the  division  commander,  made  recommendations  for  promotions 
and  honors  in  the  61st  as  follows: — Lieut.  Col.  Robt.  L.  Orr  to  be  Colonel 
by  brevet,  U.  S.  Vols.,  he  being  the  first  of  his  regiment  in  the  works  and 
though  seriously  wounded,  did  not  leave  the  field;  Captain  O.  A.  Parsons 
to  be  major  by  brevet,  U.  S.  Vols.,  he  being  wounded  while  tearing  away 
the  abatis.  Capt.  Chas.  H.  Bewley  Company  G  to  be  major  by  brevet, 
U.  S.  Vols.,  being  commended  for  special  bravery  throughout  the  day. 
Gen.  Getty  recommended  medals  to  Private  Milton  Matthews,  Company 
C,  who  captured  colors  of  the  7th  Tennessee  rebel  regiment;  Private 
Theodore  Mitchell,  Company  C,  who  captured  the  battle  flag  of  the 
Tennessee  brigade;  1st  Sergt.  Israel  Highhill,  who  captured  one  of  the 
pieces  of  artillery  near  Lee's  headquarters.  The  following  to  have  honor 
able  mention: — Sergt.  J.  C.  Matthews,  Company  A,  and  Sergt.  George 
W.  Dawson,  Company  I,  formerly  major  of  the  regiment.  See  Rebellion 
Records  Series  I  Volume  46  Part  I,  pages  957,  960-1. 

These  recommendations  were  all  granted  although  Orr  was  colonel 
and  Parsons  major  in  the  regular  line  of  promotion  long  before  either  of 
them  heard  of  Gen.  Getty's  recommendations. 

Harper's  History  of  the  Civil  War  has  a  picture  on  page  762  of  the 
fortifications  captured  that  morning  by  the  6th  corps. 

Col.  Robert  L.  Orr,  a  few  years  before  he  died,  wrote  for  a  Philadelphia 
paper  a  brilliant  account  of  the  charge  on  April  2d,  1865,  showing  clearly 
the  honorable  part  therein  taken  by  the  61st.  This  article  from  the 
commander  of  the  regiment,  in  the  engagement  where  he  won  fadeless 
laurels,  is  here  given  in  full,  as  it  could  not  be  abbreviated  without  in 
justice  to  the  author  and  the  subject: — 

"The  assault  on  Petersburg  by  the  Sixth  Army  Corps  on  April  2d, 
1865,  was  prefaced  by  the  rebel  attack  under  General  Gordon  on  the 
Ninth  Corps  front,  about  three  miles  to  our  right,  on  the  morning  of  March 
25th.  By  this  attack  he  secured  a  mile  of  the  Ninth  Corps  line,  including 


136  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Fort  Stedman,  a  very  important  work  and  held  it  until  driven  away  by 
General  Hartranft,  who  accomplished  the  brilliant  affair  with  a  division 
of  new  Pennsylvania  troops,  retaking  Fort  Stedman  and  all  of  the  lost 
line,  and  a  number  of  prisoners  and  trophies. 

"Supposing  that  the  enemy's  main  line  might  have  been  weakened 
to  support  General  Gordon's  attack,  the  Second  and  Sixth  Corps  were 
directed  by  General  Humphries,  chief  of  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
with  the  approval  of  General  Meade,  to  make  strong  reconnoissances,  and 
attack  the  entrenched  picket  lines  in  their  fronts,  with  the  view  of  carry 
ing  the  enemy's  main  line  if  this  supposition  should  be  found  to  be  correct. 
Accordingly,  in  the  early  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  March  25th,  the 
Second  Division  of  the  Sixth  Corps  was  ordered  to  carry  the  outer  or 
intrenched  picket  line  of  the  enemy  in  front  of  our  Fort  Fisher.  This  was 
done  with  a  rush.  A  large  number  of  prisoners  were  taken,  and  the 
enemy  completely  driven  away  from  his  line. 

"The  writer  was  then  ordered  to  hold  the  positions  taken,  and  place 
a  thick  picket  line  in  what  had  been  the  rifle  pits.  This  was  done  promptly 
with  details  from  all  the  regiments  of  the  Brigade.  In  the  early  morning 
of  the  27th  of  March,  two  days  later,  the  enemy  quietly  approached  these 
outposts  by  means  of  a  ravine,  which  cut  our  line  at  right  angles,  and 
burst  suddenly  upon  our  pickets  about  the  center  of  the  captured  posts. 
The  advantage  gained  was  slight  and  temporary.  Little  loss  was  inflicted 
upon  our  troops.  Our  bended  picket  line  was  soon  straightened  out,  and 
the  enemy  brushed  away,  leaving  his  dead  and  wounded  in  our  care. 

THE  ENTERING  WEDGE. 

"Six  days  after  this  affair  the  eventful  assault  of  the  2d  of  April  took 
place,  which  opened  the  operations  that  virtually  closed  the  war.  'It 
was  this  capture  of  the  intrenched  picket  line  of  the  enemy'  says  General 
Humphreys  in  his  'Virginia  Campaign  of  1864  and  1865,'  'that  made  it 
practicable  for  Gen.  Wright,  commanding  the  Sixth  Corps,  to  carry  the 
enemy's  main  line  of  intrenchments  by  assault  on  the  morning  of  the 
2d  of  April.' 

"The  assault  will  be  made  in  column  by  battalion;  echelon  by  brigade; 
mounted  officers  will  leave  their  horses  in  the  rear;  the  men  will  not  load 
their  pieces;  the  signal  for  the  assault  will  be  a  gun  from  Fort  Fisher.' 
This  was  part  of  the  verbal  order  received  by  the  division,  brigade  and 
regimental  commanders  of  the  Sixth  Army  Corps,  on  the  night  of  April 
1st,  1865,  in  camp  in  front  of  Petersburg.  The  Third  Brigade  of  the 
Second  Division,  composed  of  the  43d,  49th,  77  th  and  122d  New  York 
Regiments,  the  1st  Maine  Veteran  Volunteers,  formed  by  the  consolida 
tion  of  the  re-enlisted  men  of  the  5th,  6th  and  7th  Maine  regiments,  and 
the  61st  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteers,  was  ordered  to  take  the  head 
of  the  echelon,  'the  point  of  the  wedge,'  to  be  the  first  troops  to  receive  the 


LIEUT.-COLONEL  JOHN  W.   CROSBY 
Killed  at  Petersburg,  April  2nd,  1865 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  137 

enemy's  fire;  the  point  against  which  all  the  enemy's  resistance  would  be 
first  directed;  the  object  towards  which  the  eyes  of  the  remaining  eight 
brigades  of  the  Sixth  Corps  would  be  turned  on  Sunday  morning,  April 
2d,  at  early  dawn. 

"Shortly  after  10  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  the  1st  the  orders  came  for  prepa 
ration,  and  for  some  time  those  arrangements  that  soldiers  make  before 
going  into  battle  were  quietly  completed.  Short  letters  were  written  and 
messages  given  to  the  non-combatants  to  be  sent  home  'in  case  of  acci 
dents,'  useless  clothing  and  playing  cards  were  dispensed  with,  and  as 
little  as  possible  packed  into  the  knapsacks.  Some,  more  careful  than 
others,  wrote  their  names,  company  and  regiment  on  pieces  of  paper, 
and  pinned  them  on  their  blouses,  so  as  to  be  identified  if  killed.  Cart 
ridge  boxes  and  canteens  were  filled,  and  muskets  carefully  examined, 
rations  were  packed  in  haversacks,  and  the  inevitable  wooden  pipe  and 
tobacco  bag  were  carefully  placed  where  they  could  be  as  easily  reached 
as  the  cartridges.  Finally,  at  midnight  the  word  came  to  'form  on  the 
regimental  parade  ground  without  noise,  to  join  the  brigade,  and  move 
out  between  the  enemy's  lines  and  ours  in  front  of  Fort  Fisher.'  As  our 
brigade  was  to  lead  the  assault  it  was  the  first  to  form,  but  the  balance 
of  the  division  and  the  rest  of  the  corps  soon  followed. 

FORMING  IN  THE  DARK. 

"While  the  troops  were  forming  in  the  deep  gloom  which  precedes 
daybreak  the  fire  of  the  enemy  became  very  bitter.  He  became  aware 
that  some  unusual  movement  was  being  made  on  our  side.  In  the  dark 
and  damp  of  the  early  morning  the  powder  smoke  which  hung  like  huge 
clouds  near  the  ground  deepened  the  obscurity  and  made  our  movements 
somewhat  slow.  The  sharp  fire  of  the  enemy  inflicted  much  loss  on  our 
moving  columns  in  the  space  between  the  picket  lines  before  the  positions 
of  the  different  organizations  were  reached  and  established  or  the  signal 
gun  from  the  fort  in  our  rear  had  been  fired.  It  was  by  this  fire  in  the 
dark  that  Lieutenant  Colonel  John  W.  Crosby,  of  the  61st,  an  old  resi 
dent  of  Philadelphia,  was  mortally  wounded.  He  was  carried  to  the  rear 
as  soon  as  he  was  stricken  down,  and  died  in  a  few  minutes.  It  was  the 
fourth  wound  he  had  received  in  the  service  of  his  country,  by  one  of 
which,  received  in  front  of  Washington  on  July  12th,  1864,  he  had  lost 
an  arm.  Gallant,  high  spirited,  generous  to  a  fault,  and  more  than  brave, 
his  name  was  added  to  the  list  of  'officers  killed'  in  a  regiment  that  'lost 
more  killed  in  battle  than  any  other  regiment  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States.'  The  61st  Pennsylvania  was  the  third  regiment  in  the  leading 
column.  The  writer,  who  was  in  command,  was  especially  anxious  to 
have  his  colors  first  on  the  rebel  works  if  possible.  To  that  end,  both 
color  sergeants — one  from  Pittsburgh  and  one  from  Philadelphia,  Joseph 
Fisher — as  anxious  to  gain  that  soldierly  distinction,  for  themselves  and 


138  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

their  regiment  as  the  commander,  had  removed  the  covers  from  the 
colors  and  unfurled  them  and  the  flags  of  the  nation  and  our  State  fluttered 
heavily  in  the  damp  and  smoky  air.  Orders  were  given  these  two  ser 
geants  and  the  color  guard  to  dash  forward  at  the  word  of  command 
plant  the  flags  on  the  enemy's  works  in  our  front  and  'keep  them  there.' 
The  commander  was  perfectly  confident  that  these  men  would  obey  his 
orders  and  that  the  regiment  would  follow  the  colors.  The  wicked  fire 
of  the  Confederate  skirmishers  still  continued  with  increased  vigor  and 
our  men  were  constantly  being  hit  without  an  opportunity  to  retaliate, 
for  their  pieces,  in  obedience  to  orders,  were  not  loaded.  This  inability 
to  return  the  enemy's  fire  is  misery  intensified  to  the  soldier.  The  breath 
less  anxiety  of  the  moment  gave  way  to  angry  maledictions  on  the  supposed 
tardiness  of  the  signal  gun,  muttered  between  teeth  set  for  desperate 
deeds.  The  signal  gun  at  last  belched  out,  every  man  'gathered  him 
self  for  the  rush,  and  'Forward,  forward'  was  shouted  and  echoed  by 
every  officer  of  the  Sixth  Corps  in  the  'wedge.'  But  the  command  was 
not  needed.  It  was  a  great  relief,  a  positive  lifting  of  a  load  of  misery  to 
be  at  last  'let  at  them.'  Like  a  missile  hurled  by  fate  the  Third  Brigade 
'tore  itself  loose,'  and  with  a  roar  of  Yankee  cheers  jumped  to  its  feet 
and  dashed  for  the  woods. 

"The  two  New  York  regiments,  the  49th  and  77th,  which  were  in 
front,  had  slung  their  pieces  to  their  backs,  as  their  special  orders  were 
to  'quickly  reach  the  abattis  in  front  of  the  enemy's  works  and  tear  it 
away'  in  order  to  allow  comparatively  clear  ground  for  the  other  regi 
ments  of  the  brigade  to  enter.  Splendidly  did  the  'York  State'  soldiers 
do  their  work.  Of  course,  after  the  signal  from  Fort  Fisher  to  charge 
and  the  cheers  from  our  men  were  given  every  Confederate  was  up  and 
doing.  In  front  of  the  61st  Pennsylvania  the  fire  from  Heth's  Tennes- 
seeans,  who  were  immediately  opposed  to  the  point  of  the  wedge,  delivered 
from  the  time  we  left  the  ground  of  formation  until  they  fired  in  our 
faces  and  we  tasted  their  smoke,  was  given  a  frequency  and  correctness  of 
aim  that  is  regretted  to-day  by  mothers,  wives  and  sisters  in  the  four 
counties  of  Pennsylvania  from  which  the  61st  was  recruited.  The  enemy's 
line  was  pierced  and  their  works  taken.  Among  the  killed  and  wounded 
were  the  two  brave  color  sergeants,  both  shot  through  the  body;  one  of 
them,  Joseph  Fisher,  of  Philadelphia,  is  still  living;  although  he  fell  badly 
wounded,  his  orders  were  carried  out  by  the  color  guard,  and  his  flag,  in 
fact  both  flags,  were  placed  on  the  rebel  works  and  'kept  there.' 

"I  do  not  know  whether  the  other  sergeant  is  living  or  dead,  nor  do 
I  remember  his  name,  as  he  was  one  of  the  new  men,  but  if  living  he  can 
reflect  with  great  pride  on  a  duty  gallantly  done,  or  if  dead  his  name  will 
be  held  in  honored  memory  by  his  relatives  and  friends  as  a  brave  man 
among  brave  men. 

"At  the  time  of  this  battle  there  were  about  300  new  men,  who  had 
been  sent  to  fill  the  61st's  depleted  ranks  after  Sheridan's  campaign  in 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  139 

the  Shenandoah  Valley  These,  with  the  veterans,  made  the  number  for 
duty  about  500.  The  rolls  showed  about  800.  The  300  who  were  lacking 
were  'absent  in  hospital,'  wounded  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  the  Wilder 
ness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor  and  in  the  various  skirmishes  and 
affairs  that  happened  in  gaining  the  foothold  in  front  of  Petersburg.  The 
writer  was  especially  anxious  as  to  the  conduct  of  the  new  recruits  in  this 
last  great  battle,  but  he  need  not  have  been.  The  leaven  of  the  old 
Potomac  veterans  had  done  its  work  among  them;  the  skirmishes  of  the 
25th  and  27th  of  March  had  given  them  a  taste  of  bullets  and  smell  of 
powder,  and  there  appeared  no  difference  in  the  fighting  qualities  of  the 
old  and  new  soldiers.  In  fact,  the  latter  seemed  glad  of  the  opportunity 
offered  them  to  take  part  in  battle,  to  be  members  of  an  organization 
whose  deeds  and  works  were  part  of  the  history  of  their  country,  and  to 
be  in  at  the  death  of  the  Confederacy,  for  it  was  felt  by  all  that  this  was 
to  be  the  last  great  battle  between  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  and  so  it  proved  to  be. 

"The  smoke,  which,  as  has  been  said,  hugged  the  ground  in  the 
damp,  and  heavy  air,  became  denser  from  the  rapid  fire  of  the  enemy;  the 
ground  was  somewhat  broken  as  we  rapidly  neared  their  line,  and  many 
a  soldier  who  fell  into  an  old  pit  or  trench  wondered  whether  he  was  hit 
or  had  stumbled.  The  writer  had  such  a  fall  in  the  ditch  near  the  front 
of  the  Confederate  Fort  Gregg,  and  it  would  have  been  difficult  to  get 
out  of  the  abattis  tossed  there  by  the  New  York  troops  if  it  had  not  been 
for  a  friendly  hand  stretched  out  in  the  gloom.  The  ditch  was  passed, 
and  with  the  enemy  firing  in  our  faces  the  advancing  line  pressed  over 
their  intrenchments  without  faltering.  The  defenders  of  the  enemy's 
line  were  brushed  away  with  an  emphasis  that  precluded  all  ideas  of  an 
attempt  to  re-form  in  any  reasonable  time  to  be  made  of  use  in  barring 
our  progress.  The  troops  pushed  resolutely  onwards,  and  scattered  squads 
reached  the  Boydton  road.  Here  General  Hill  following  in  the  rear  of  his 
retreating  troops,  was  killed  by  one  of  our  advanced  parties. 

MORE  LINES  TO  TAKE. 

"The  trophies  of  the  regiment  up  to  this  time  were  two  colors,  a  wagon 
train  with  its  mules  and  drivers,  200  prisoners  and  'the  works,'  but  our 
contract  was  not  quite  filled.  At  the  word  the  route  toward  Petersburg 
was  taken,  and  determined  resistance,  met,  but  by  continual  push  and 
drive  over  a  bloody  track  and  in  the  face  of  continued  fire  we  eventually 
struck  the  Mississippi  Brigade,  Lee's  headquarters  guard,  which  with 
the  artillery  of  the  command  offered  robust  resistance  and  brought  us  to 
a  halt.  Every  rifle  of  the  Mississippians  and  each  gun  of  their  battery 
was  in  play,  and  with  much  loss  to  us.  The  halt  was  short,  however. 
With  a  rush  like  that  made  in  the  early  morning,  the  enemy's  infantry 
were  scattered  and  four  of  the  guns  at  Lee's  headquarters  were  captured. 


140  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Sergeant  Highill,  Company  I  and  Coporal  Driver,  Company  H,  were  the 
first  to  spring  into  the  battery,  and  with  loud  and  exultant  shouts,  echoed 
by  the  regiment  at  their  heels,  declared  emphatically  that  'these  are  the 
61st  Pennsylvania's  guns  by  -  — .' 

"The  writer  having  been  hurt  in  the  morning  assault  by  falling  among 
the  abattis  in  the  ditch  had,  with  the  aid  of  two  strong  men,  been  enabled 
to  reach  the  battery,  where  a  horse  was  out  from  the  harness,  and  he  was 
lifted  on  it  much  to  his  own  comfort  and  the  relief  of  the  two  soldiers. 

"After  the  dash  into  the  battery  and  the  driving  away  of  the  Miss- 
issippians  the  pace  was  slower  and  the  resistance  not  so  pronounced. 
Many  sharpshooters  tried  their  aim  on  us,  with  considerable  success, 
until  almost  within  sight  of  Petersburg,  when  a  halt  was  called,  and  the 
lines  re-formed.  At  this  time  two  guns  of  a  battery  which  had  escaped 
our  capture  at  Lee's  headquarters  opened  on  us  from  the  elevated  ground 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Appomattox  River,  on  which  stream  the  right  of 
our  whole  line  rested.  The  aim  of  these  guns  was  splendid  and  their 
shots  told  on  us  with  much  effect.  Captain  Crawford  Allen's  First  Rhode 
Island  Battery  was  ordered  up  at  a  gallop  to  engage  them  and  also  a  full 
battery  which  had  meanwhile  opened  on  us  from  in  front.  Captain  Allen 
turned  his  left  section,  two  guns,  to  engage  the  escaped  rebel  section 
across  the  Appomattox.  His  movements  drawing  their  attention,  their 
fire  was  removed  from  the  61st  and  delivered  upon  him,  and  between  the 
guns  in  front  and  those  on  his  flank  Allen  had  his  hands  full.  But  he  had 
'come  to  stay,'  and  he  stayed,  though  he  lost  eighteen  men.  Our  rifle 
men  were  thus  called  to  devote  their  attention  to  the  sharpshooters  that 
were  swarming  in  our  front  instead  of  hugging  a  dry  ditch  to  avoid  the 
enfilading  cannon  fire  of  the  enemy,  which,  however,  was  silenced  after 
a  time  by  the  magnificent  service  of  the  gallant  Rhode  Islanders.  As 
this  'day  of  rest,'  it  was  Sunday,  wore  on  the  greater  part  of  the  musketry 
fire  ceased  and  at  dark  was  kept  up  only  between  the  pickets,  whose 
shots  could  be  heard  until  late  at  night.  Between  midnight  and  dawn 
some  of  the  enterprising  skirmishers  of  the  regiment  anticipating  an 
order  to  move  on  the  town  did  so  of  their  own  accord  and  found  the  enemy 
leaving.  This  was  reported  as  soon  as  they  could  return.  At  daylight 
on  the  3d  of  April  the  Ninth  Corps  occupied  the  town  and  the  Sixth  Corps 
took  up  the  line  of  march  to  Sutherland's  Station  on  the  South  Side 
Railroad  in  pursuit  of  Lee's  army,  the  capture  of  which,  after  one  more 
small  affair  of  arms  at  Sailor's  Creek,  in  which  the  corps  was  the  only 
infantry  engaged,  occurred  six  days  after  at  Appomattox  Court-house. 

"A  few  months  after  Lee's  surrender  the  61st  returned  to  Pennsyl 
vania.  On  the  return  of  the  regiment  to  Pittsburgh,  its  place  of  original 
formation,  it  was  received  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm  by  the  mayor, 
city  council  and  citizens,  and  was  given  a  banquet  by  the  ladies  of  the 
city.  Three  of  its  torn  and  ragged  battle  flags,  carried  in  the  Peninsula, 
the  Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania  campaign,  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  141 

and  at  Petersburg,  are  in  the  room  at  Harrisburg  where  are  stored  the 
battle  flags  of  the  State. 

_,,.,    ,  ,  ,  .      100C  ,,  Robert.  L.  Orr. 

Philadelphia,  1886. 

The  6th  corps  in  fifteen  minutes  lost  1,000  men  in  killed  and  wounded, 
nearly  10  per  cent,  of  the  entire  command.  Simultaneously  with  the 
charge  of  the  6th  corps,  and  the  2d  corps  under  Humphreys,  the  9th 
corps  under  Parke  and  the  army  of  the  James  under  Ord,  made  gallant 
and  successful  assaults,  gaining  ground  in  their  respective  fronts  and 
driving  Lee  to  his  inner  works.  These  attacks  were  vigorously  pressed 
at  all  points  during  the  morning,  and  at  ten  o'clock  Gen.  Lee  sent  a  de 
spatch  to  President  Davis  telling  of  the  disaster,  and  saying  that  Rich 
mond  and  Petersburg  must  be  abandoned  that  evening.  The  telegram 
found  the  Confederate  President  in  his  accustomed  place  in  the  Episcopal 
Church  participating  in  the  responses  of  the  Litany,  near  the  close  of  the 
service.  It  is  said  by  Gen.  Longstreet  and  others  that  while  Mr.  Davis 
was  scanning  the  dispatch  from  Lee,  the  worship  continued  as  follows: — 

Minister.     "From  all  sedition,  conspiracy  and  rebellion — 

Congregation.     "Good  Lord,  deliver  us." 

The  President  immediately  left  and  the  congregation  was  dismissed 
with  notice  that  there  would  be  no  services  in  the  evening.  Two  hours 
later,  at  2  P.  M.,  Davis,  his  cabinet,  and  others  constituting  the  Con 
federate  government,  left  Richmond  to  its  fate,  seeking  safety  in  flight 
by  rail  towards  Danville.  At  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  Lee  issued  orders 
for  the  retreat  to  begin  that  night  at  8  o'clock.  At  4  o'clock  Gen.  Miles 
attacked  the  Confederate  force  at  Sutherland  Station,  capturing  some 
artillery  and  1000  prisoners.  At  4:40  o'clock  Gen.  Grant,  in  a  dispatch 
to  City  Point,  said: 

"The  whole  captures  since  the  army  started  out  gunning  will  amount 
to  not  less  than  twelve  thousand  men,  and  probably  fifty  pieces  of  artil 
lery." 

Gen.  Lee's  army  vacated  the  fortifications  so  valiantly  defended  for 
nine  months,  and  moved  up  the  north  side  of  the  Appomattox  River 
full  of  sadness  and  desperate  resolution.  Gen.  Longstreet  led  the  retreat, 
followed  by  Gordon,  Mahone,  Ewell,  Kershaw,  Custis  Lee,  Anderson 
and  Johnson,  with  Fitz  Lee's  cavalry  bringing  up  the  rear. 

Early  the  next  morning,  Aprl  3d,  the  Union  troops  entered  Peters 
burg  and  the  great  race  for  Appomattox  Court-house  began.  President 
Lincoln,  during  the  day,  went  into  Petersburg  and  extended  warm  con 
gratulations  to  Grant  and  his  army.  At  8:15  that  morning,  Richmond 
surrendered  to  the  Union  general  Weitzel. 

Gen.  Sheridan,  with  his  cavalry,  supported  by  infantry,  moved 
westerly  parallel  with  Lee's  army,  and  frequently  in  advance  of  it,  taking 
trains,  capturing  guns  and  gathering  in  prisoners.  The  other  Union 
troops  followed  Lee,  assailing  at  every  opportunity. 


142  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  first  engagement  was  at  Namozine  Church,  ten  miles  out  of 
Petersburg,  where  Barringer's  brigade  of  Fitz  Lee's  cavalry  was  roughly 
handled  by  Curtis's  Union  division.  Barringer  was  captured,  and  most 
of  his  command  dispersed.  Five  miles  farther  on  at  Deep  Creek,  Fitz 
was  found  in  a  strong  position,  protecting  the  rear  of  Lee's  army.  One 
of  his  brigades  was  commanded  by  Gen.  Henry  A.  Wise,  who  as  Governor 
of  Virginia,  hung  old  John  Brown  in  1859.  Gen.  Merritt's  cavalry  attacked 
this  Confederate  force  and  a  sharp  engagement  ensued,  lasting  until  after 
dark.  At  this  point  the  Union  advance  remained  for  the  night. 

The  next  morning,  the  4th,  Lee  was  at  Amelia  Court-house  on  the 
Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad,  and  the  Union  troops  hastened  to  Jetters- 
ville  on  the  same  road,  eight  miles  west,  so  as  to  compel  Lee  to  fight  or 
leave  the  railroad.  Gen.  Lee,  on  the  5th,  moved  forward  as  if  to  attack, 
but  changed  his  direction  to  the  north.  Meanwhile  vSheridan  sent  Davis' 
brigade  of  cavalry  to  the  left  to  reconnoiter.  About  five  miles  away,  at 
Paineville,  Davies,  after  driving  off  the  escort,  secured  five  pieces  of 
artillery  and  captured  and  burned  a  wagon  train  containing  Lee's  head 
quarters  baggage  with  his  official  reports  and  papers. 

Longstreet's  corps  of  Lee's  army  marched  all  night,  arriving  at 
Rice's  Station  on  the  Lynchburg  Railroad  at  daylight  on  April  6th.  Ander 
son's,  Ewell's  and  Gordon's  corps  were  following  Longstreet,  the  line  of 
march  extending  from  Rice's  Station  back  to  Deatonsville,  a  distance  of 
ten  miles.  During  the  day  Sheridan's  cavalry,  breaking  through  this 
Confederate  line  of  march  in  the  rear  of  Longstreet  and  in  front  of  Ander 
son,  played  havoc  with  the  trains  and  compelled  Anderson  to  stop  and 
form  a  line  of  battle.  About  the  same  time  the  6th  corps,  five  miles 
farther  back  broke  through  the  Confederate  line  in  rear  of  Ewell  and 
ahead  of  Gordon.  Longstreet  was  too  far  away  to  render  any  aid,  and 
Gordon  took  to  his  right,  marching  north  to  the  Appomattox  River  at 
High  Bridge,  closely  pursued  and  frequently  attacked  by  Gen.  Hum 
phreys.  A  running  fight  was  kept  up  all  afternoon.  The  artillery  moved 
with  the  skirmish  line  and  roared  from  every  hilltop.  Gen.  Humphreys 
captured  13  flags,  4  guns,  1700  prisoners,  and  destroyed  miles  of  wagon 
trains. 

While  this  was  going  on,  the  6th  corps  from  the  north  and  east,  and 
the  cavalry  from  the  south  and  west,  closed  in  on  the  forces  of  Ewell  and 
Anderson  and  the  fierce  battle  of  Sailor's  Creek  was  fought,  the  last 
bloody  engagement  of  the  Civil  War.  The  Confederates  resisted  bravely, 
but  were  defeated  at  all  points.  Gen.  Anderson,  with  about  2,000  men, 
escaped  through  the  woods  and  fields  in  the  twilight  towards  the  Appo 
mattox  River,  and  the  others,  about  5,000,  surrendered  with  six  Generals, 
Ewell,  Kershaw,  Custis  Lee,  Debose,  Hunton  and  Corse. 

The  credit  for  this  victory  was  due  to  Sheridan's  brilliant  generalship 
and  the  confidence  the  infantry  had  in  him  which  inspired  the  troops  to 
march  day  and  night  and  face  any  peril. 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  143 

After  dark  on  the  evening  of  the  6th,  Gen.  Longstreet  slipped  away 
from  Rice's  Station  and  crossed  to  the  north  side  of  the  Appomattox  near 
Farmville,  destroying  the  bridges  behind  him.  Generals  Humphreys  and 
Wright,  with  the  2d  and  6th  corps,  crossed  at  High  Bridge  a  few  miles 
below  Farmville,  and  about  noon  of  the  7th  caught  up  with  the  whole  of 
Lee's  army  in  position  on  the  Lynchburg  road.  Heavy  skirmishing  oc 
curred,  but  the  Confederates  held  their  position  until  night. 

Sheridan,  finding  the  bridges  destroyed  at  Farmville,  sent  most  of 
his  cavalry  to  the  northwest  in  the  direction  of  Prospect  Station.  Toward 
evening  of  the  7th,  Gen.  Grant  arrived  at  Farmville,  and  at  5  P.  M.,  from 
that  place,  sent  his  first  letter  to  Lee  asking  the  surrender  of  his  army,  in 
order,  as  he  said,  to  avoid  further  effusion  of  blood.  This  letter  was  sent 
through  Humphrey's  line  and  was  answered  within  an  hour.  Gen.  Lee 
said  he  reciprocated  Grant's  desire  to  avoid  the  further  effusion  of  blood, 
but  did  not  think  his  cause  hopeless.  He  asked  what  terms  would  be 
given. 

Gen.  Lee  moved  in  the  night,  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  toward 
Appomattox  Station,  followed  by  Humphreys  and  Wright,  at  5:30  on  the 
morning  of  the  8th.  That  day  Humphreys  and  Wright  marched  twenty- 
six  miles,  stopping  at  midnight,  three  miles  behind  the  Confederate  army. 
During  the  forenoon  of  that  day,  Gen.  Grant  sent  his  second  letter  through 
Humphreys'  lines  to  Lee,  stating  the  terms  on  which  he  would  accept  the 
Confederate  surrender.  About  dark,  at  New  Store,  Humphreys  received 
Lee's  answer  to  Grant's  second  letter,  and  sent  it  back  ten  miles  to  Grant 
at  Curds ville. 

During  the  same  day,  on  the  8th,  Sheridan,  with  his  cavalry,  and  Ord, 
with  his  infantry,  moved  on  the  south  side  of  the  Appomattox,  arriving 
on  the  9th,  about  daylight,in  the  vicinity  of  Appomattox  Court-house. 
Sheridan's  cavalry  immediately  formed  across  the  Lynchburg  road  ahead 
of  Lee,  and  during  the  morning  Ord  brought  up  his  infantry  supporting 
the  cavalry,  effectually  barring  Lee's  movements  towards  Lynchburg. 
With  these  troops  ahead  of  him  and  Humphreys  and  Wright  in  his  rear, 
Gen.  Lee  realized  that  further  resistance  was  useless.  He  was  beset  on 
the  west,  the  south  and  the  east.  The  north  was  open  to  him,  but  his  army 
could  not  move  to  the  flank  with  such  an  active  enemy  in  front  and  rear; 
besides,  a  day's  march  would  have  landed  him  at  the  James  River,  which 
was  then  swollen,  and  the  bridges  had  all  been  destroyed  by  Sheridan  in 
March. 

Gen.  Lee  therefore,  after  unsuccessful  efforts  to  cut  his  way  out  to 
wards  Lynchburg,  sent  a  note  to  Grant  requesting  an  interview,  with  a 
view  to  surrendering.  Grant  answered  Lee's  letter  at  11:55  A.  M.,  April 
9th,  from  a  point  west  of  Walker's  Church,  saying  he  would  come  as  soon 
as  possible.  He  arrived  at  Appomattox  Court-house  at  one  o'clock;  met 
Lee  at  the  McLean  House,  where  the  surrender  occurred  and  was  announced 
to  the  army  at  4  o'clock. 


144  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  surrender  was  at  the  same  hour  at  which  Davis  left  Richmond 
the  Sunday  before,  so  the  Confederacy  lasted  precisely  seven  days  after 
its  capital  was  abandoned. 

The  number  of  Confederates  surrendered,  including  officers  and  men, 
as  appears  by  official  reports  at  Washington,  was  28,356. 

In  this  campaign  of  12  days,  the  Union  forces  marched  on  an  average 
150  miles,  taking  along  over  a  thousand  vehicles,  including  artillery, 
ammunition,  and  supply  trains.  As  the  army  advanced,  the  bad  roads 
were  made  passable,  swollen  streams  were  bridged,  and  the  railroad  was 
repaired.  The  details  of  soldiers  to  make  all  these  improvements  and 
changes,  advanced  frequently  with  the  skirmish  line,  and  when  Lee 
surrendered,  Grant  was  able  to  telegraph  the  glorious  news  to  Washington 
over  new  wires,  ten  miles  of  which  had  been  put  up  that  morning. 

Gen.  Grant,  at  Mount  McGregor,  with  death  impending,  dictated 
the  following  statement  about  the  Union  Army: 

"The  Army  of  the  Potomac  has  every  reason  to  be  proud  of  its  four 
years'  record  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion.  The  army  it  had  to 
fight  was  the  protection  to  the  capital  of  a  people  which  was  attempting 
to  found  a  nation  upon  the  territory  of  the  United  States.  Its  loss  would 
be  the  loss  of  the  cause.  Every  energy,  therefore,  was  put  forth  by  the 
Confederacy  to  protect  and  maintain  their  capital.  Everything  else  would 
go  if  it  went.  Lee's  army  had  to  be  strengthened  to  enable  it  to  main 
tain  its  position,  no  matter  what  territory  was  wrested  from  the  South 
in  another  quarter." 

On  April  17th,  1865,  the  61st  was  detailed  to  present  to  Gen.  Meade 
at  his  headquarters  at  Burkesville,  Virginia,  the  rebel  battle  flags  captured 
in  the  campaign  by  the  6th  corps.  The  flags,  a  vast  number,  represented 
most  of  the  seceded  states;  nearly  all  were  faded  and  well  worn,  many  in 
rags;  a  few  were  new  and  bright.  When  these  colors  were  presented, 
Gen.  Meade  spoke  to  the  soldiers  as  follows: — 

"Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  Sixth  Corps: — I  thank  you  very  much 
for  these  numerous  proofs  of  your  valor  captured  during  the  recent  cam 
paign.  I  do  not  wish  to  make  any  invidious  distinctions  between  your 
own  and  the  other  corps  of  this  army.  They  performed  with  valor  and 
courage  the  part  assigned  to  them,  but  candor  compels  me  to  say  that  in 
my  opinion  the  decisive  movement  of  this  campaign  which  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  was  the  gallant  and  success 
ful  assault  of  the  6th  corps  on  the  morning  of  the  2d  of  April.  It  was  with 
much  pleasure  I  had  received  a  despatch  from  your  commander,  assuring 
me  his  confidence  in  your  courage  was  so  great  that  he  felt  sure  of  his 
ability  to  break  through  the  enemy's  line.  I  finally  ordered  the  charge 
to  be  made  at  4  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  2d,  and  it  was  with  still 
greater  satisfaction  that  a  few  hours  afterward  I  had  the  pleasure  of  trans 
mitting  a  despatch  to  the  general-in-chief,  telling  him  the  confidence  of 
your  brave  commander  had  been  fully  borne  out. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  145 

"To  you,  brave  men,  I  return  the  thanks  of  the  country  and  of  the 
army.  To  each  of  you  a  furlough  of  thirty  days  will  be  granted  to  enable 
you  to  present  these  proofs  of  your  valor  to  the  War  Depratment.  Let 
us  all  hope  that  the  work  upon  which  we  have  been  engaged  for  nearly 
four  years  is  over,  that  the  South  will  return  to  its  allegiance  and  that 
our  beloved  flag  will  once  more  float  in  triumph  over  a  peaceful  and  un 
divided  country,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  and  from  the 
St.  Lawrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico." 

In  II.  Bates'  History,  pages  415-10,  the  later  stage  of  the  61st  is 
correctly  given  as  follows: — 

"After  the  surrender  the  regiment  returned  with  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  army  to  Burkes ville  Junction,  where,  on  the  17th,  it  was 
honored  by  being  chosen  to  escort  the  captured  flags  of  the  division  to 
army  headquarters.  Gen.  Johnston,  in  command  of  a  rebel  army  in 
North  Carolina,  still  held  out.  Grant  accordingly  put  his  columns  in 
motion  to  assure  its  capture  should  it  continue  in  hostile  attitude.  In 
four  days  the  regiment  marched  one  hundred  and  sixteen  miles,  reaching 
Danville  on  the  27th,  where  it  was  detailed  for  provost  duty.  After  re 
maining  here  until  the  21st  of  May,  Johnston  having  in  the  meantime 
laid  down  his  arms  and  surrendered  to  Sherman,  it  moved  by  rail  to 
Richmond.  Marching  through  the  rebel  capital  on  the  24th,  it  crossed 
the  Pamunkey  on  the  25th,  passed  Fredericksburg  and  Marye's  Heights 
on  the  29th,  Fairfax  June  1st,  arriving  at  Ball's  Cross  Roads,  near  Wash 
ington,  on  the  2d.  On  the  8th  the  corps  was  reviewed  in  the  National 
Capitol,  which  for  four  years  had  been  menaced,  and  which,  by  its  opportune 
arrival,  it  had  preserved  in  its  direst  extremity.  On  the  28th  of  June 
the  regiment  under  command  of  the  following  field  officers:  Col.  Robert 
L.  Orr,  Lieut.  Col.  Charles  S.  Greene,  and  Major  Oliver  A.  Parsons,  was 
mustered  out  of  service,  and  ordered  to  Pittsburgh  for  payment.  Upon 
its  arrival  there  it  was  publicly  received  by  the  Mayor  and  citizens,  and 
entertained  at  a  grand  banquet.  Two  days  thereafter  the  organization 
which  had  been  maintained  for  four  years,  at  length  'its  warfare  o'er,' 
ceased  to  exist. 

While  at  Burkesville,  news  came  to  the  61st  of  the  assassination  of 
President  Lincoln,  causing  universal  sadness,  mingled  with  fresh  resent 
ment  against  the  rebels  who  were  supposed  to  be  responsible  in  some  way 
for  the  great  crime.  It  was  then  agreed  among  the  soldiers  that  the 
rebels  should  be  punished  severely  for  starving  the  Union  prioners  when 
the  guilty  persons  were  discovered,  and  now  an  intense  hostility  sprang 
up  against  all  persons  in  any  way  implicated  in  the  killing  of  the  beloved 
Lincoln  who  was  then  deeply  concerned  for  the  welfare  of  the  Southern 
people,  "with  malice  toward  none  and  charity  for  all." 


CHAPTER  XII. 

PEACE. 

"The  toils  and  duties  of  our  soldier  life  are  over, 
but  its  memories  remain,  Union  and  Confederate. 
We  will  never  fight  again  but  together;  the  West, 
the  South,  the  East  and  the  North  will  send  the 
American  soldier  into  the  field  if  a  foreign  foe 
threatens  or  there  is  any  need. 

"None  of  us  can  forget  those  who  went  down 
in  the  hot  hell  of  battle,  for  this  country  is  scarred 
with  their  graves,  but — 

"Under  the  sod  and  the  dew, 

Waiting  the  Judgment  Day; 
We  have  tears  and  love  for  the  blue, 
Love  and  tears  for  the  gray." 

Col.   Robert  L.   Orr, 
Fair  Oaks  Reunion.        Richmond,  May  30th,  1884. 

After  the  publication  of  "Childe  Harold"  Lord  Byron  said,  "I  awoke 
one  morning  and  found  myself  famous."  After  the  publication  in  the 
Century  Magazine  in  May,  1888,  of  a  synopsis  of  Col.  Wm.  F.  Fox's 
"Regimental  Losses,"  the  61st  had  a  like  pleasure.  It  awoke  one  morn 
ing  and  found  itself  famous.  The  regiment  is  like  the  brilliant  Englishman 
in  another  respect.  His  sudden  fame  was  found  to  rest  on  a  sure  founda 
tion  which  rigid  scrutiny  only  confirmed  and  established  for  all  time;  so 
with  the  Gist.  Its  history  has  been  examined  and  its  honors  universally 
conceded.  In  his  book,  after  saying  he  has  examined  the  official  record 
of  the  two  thousand  regiments  in  the  Union  Army,  Col.  Fox  on  page  38 
says: — "The  largest  number  of  officers  killed  in  an  infantry  regiment  in 
the  Union  armies  is  found  in  the  61st  Pennsylvania  of  the  6th  corps,  in 
which  19  officers  were  killed  or  mortally  wounded  during  the  war.  Among 
the  number  were  three  colonels;  Col.  Rippey  was  killed  at  Fair  Oaks; 
Col.  Spear  fell  while  leading  a  successful  assault  on  Marye's  Heights;  and 
Col.  Crosby,  who  had  lost  an  arm  at  Fort  Stevens,  was  killed  in  the  final 
and  victorious  assault  on  Petersburg.  The  total  loss  of  the  61st  in  killed 
and  died  of  wounds  was  19  officers,  218  enlisted  men;  total,  237.  It  was 
a  gallant  regiment  and  was  bravely  led,  as  its  losses  in  officers  clearly 
shows." 

In  the  tables  made  by  this  author  of  the  2,000  Union  regiments  the 
61st  has  the  following  positions: — 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  147 

Officers  killed  or  mortally  wounded  in  battle No.    1. 

Greatest  loss  in  any  one  battle No.  11. 

Greatest  aggregate  killed  during  the  war No.  15. 

Greatest  loss  at  Spottsylvania No.  16. 

An  astonishing  fact  about  the  61st  is  that  so  many  of  its  officers  were 
killed  or  mortally  wounded  while  leading  the  regiment  in  battles.  The 
record  shows: — 

1.  Col.  Oliver  H.  Rippey  was  killed  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  battle 
of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31st,  1862. 

2.  Col.  George  C.  Spear  was  killed  while  leading  a  charge  on  Marye's 
Heights,  May  3d,  1863. 

3.  Capt.   Lewis  Redenbach  was  killed  while  commanding  the  regi 
ment  August  21st,  1864,  at  Flowing  Springs  near  Charlestown. 

4.  Capt.   David  J.  Taylor  was  killed  in  command  of  the  regiment 
while  leading  a  charge  at  Cedar  Creek  on  the  morning  of  October  19th, 
1864. 

5.  Capt.  John  Barrett  was  killed  while  commanding  the  regiment  in 
the  final  advance  on  the  rebel  army  at  Cedar  Creek  in  the  afternoon  of 
the  same  day. 

6.  Lieut.  Col.  John  W.  Crosby  was  killed  while  leading  the  regiment 
on  the  morning  of  April  2d,  1865,  in  the  final  charge  on  the  rebel  works 
at  Petersburg. 

7.  Lieut.  Col.  Spear  was  wounded  while  in  command,  of  the  regiment 
after  the  death  of  Col.  Rippey  at  Fair  Oaks. 

8.  Major  John  W.  Crosby  was  wounded,  losing  an  arm,  while  leading 
the  regiment  at  Fort  Stevens,  July  12th,  1864. 

9.  Capt.  W.  J.  Glenn  was  wounded  while  commanding  the  regiment 
August  21st,  1864,  at  Flowing  Springs  near  Charlestown  after  the  death 
of  Capt.  Redenbach. 

10.  Capt.  Charles  S.  Greene  was  wounded,  losing  an  eye  while  com 
manding  the  regiment  at  Opequln,  September  19th,  1864. 

11.  Lieut.  John  W.  McClay  was  wounded  at  Cedar  Creek  while  in 
command  of  the  regiment  after  the  death  of  Capt.  Barrett. 

12.  Major  Robert  L.  Orr  was  wounded  at  Petersburg  April  2d,  1865, 
while  in  command  of  the  regiment  after  the  death  of  Lieut.  Col.  Crosby. 

The  extraordinary  number  of  casualties  among  regimental  com 
manders  is  accounted  for  by  example  of  Col.  Rippey,  whose  motto  in 
battle  was,  "Come  on,  boys,"  not  "Go  on,  men,"  This  heroic  principle 
of  the  first  colonel,  sealed  and  ratified  by  his  blood,  was  adopted  by  his 
successors,  each  taking  the  place  in  battle  where  he  could  render  the 
greatest  service,  regardless  of  danger. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  officers  in  the  61st  killed  or 
mortally  wounded  in  Virginia  battles: — 


148  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862—  Col.   Oliver  H.   Rippey,   Capt.  Joseph 

Gerard,  Co.  K,  Lieutenants  John  Pol 
lock,  Co.  A,  Alfred  Moylan,  Co.  I,  Wm. 
Scott,  Co.  B,  and  Chas.  H.  Rhodes, 
Co.  C. 

Fredericksburg,  May  3,  1863 —         Col.     George     C.     Spear,    Lieutenants 

Philip  Voelp,  Co.  B,  and  George  F. 
Harper,  Co.  E. 

Wilderness,  May  6,  1864-  Capt.   Wm.   O.   H.   Robinson,   Co.   C, 

Lieut.  F.  M.  Brown,  Co.  A. 

Spottsylvania,  May  8  to  24,  1864— Adjutant  Geo.  W.  Wilson,  Lieut  James 

W.  Prophater,  Co.  C. 

Fort  Stevens,  July  12,  1864—          Lieut.  Wm.  Laughlin,  Co.  B. 

Flowing  Spring,  near  Charlestown, 

August  21,  1864—  Capt.  Lewis  Redenbach,  Co.  B,  Lieut. 

Isaac  N.  Price,  Co.  A. 

Cedar  Creek,  October  19,  1864—  Capt.   David  J.  Taylor,  Co.  C,  Capt. 

John  Barrett,  Co.  G. 

Petersburg,  April  2,  1865—  Lieut.  Col.  John  W.  Crosby. 

The  list  includes  two  colonels,  one  lieutenant  colonel,  one  adjutant, 
five  captains  and  ten  lieutenants;  total,  nineteen.  The  number  of  officers 
wounded  in  the  61st  has  not  been  accurately  ascertained,  but  the  official 
record  shows  32,  giving,  however,  very  few  names  out  of  the  entire  number. 
For  this  reason  it  is  impossible  to  furnish  a  complete  list,  and  a  partial 
one  would  be  unsatisfactory. 

Col.  Fox,  on  page  23  of  his  book,  says  for  the  number  killed  and 
mortally  wounded  in  the  Civil  W^ar,  21-2  were  wounded.  Applying  this 
rule  to  the  61st  officers,  the  number  must  have  been  47. 

In  Fox's  history,  page  274,  there  is  a  table  showing  losses  in  killed, 
wounded  and  died  of  disease,  indicating  the  number  for  each  company  and 
exhibiting  the  total  enrollment  and  killed  at  each  battle,  which  table  is 
here  given  as  follows: — 

FROM    OFFICIAL    RECORDS    OF    THE    WAR    DEPARTMENT, 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

SIXTY-FIRST  PENNvSYLVANIA  INFANTRY. 
NEILL'S  BRIGADE          GETTY'S  DIVISION  SIXTH  CORPS. 


1.  Col.  Oliver  H.  Rippey,  killed.         4.     Col.  George  F.  Smith. 

2.  Col.  George  C.  Spear,  killed.         5.     Col.  Robert  L.  Orr. 

3.  Col.  John  W.  Crosby,  killed. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


140 


Killed    and    Died    of      Died  of  Disease,  Acci- 
I  wounds.  dent,    in    Prison,    etc. 

Companies.          „, 
Uin- 


cers. 


Men.      Total.    Officers.    Men.      Total. 


Field  and  Staff 
Co.  A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G.. 
H. 
I. 
K. 

Totals. 


1 

32 
22 
22 
24 
23 
23 
20 
22 
14 
15 


5 

35 
26 
25 
25 
25 
23 
20 
22 
15 
16 


10 
10 
13 
13 
12 
10 
8 


1 

10 
11 
13 
13 
12 
10 


19 


218 


237 


100 


101 


Total 
Enroll 
ment. 


16 
203 
194 
204 
181 
209 
206 
191 
202 
180 
201 


1987 


237  killed— 11.9  per  cent. 

Total  killed  and  wounded,  872;  died  in  Confederate  prison,  previously 

included,  19. 

Killed 

Fair  Oaks 92 

Malvern  Hill 4 

Antietam 1 

Williamsport,  Md 2 

Fredericksburg,   1862,.  .  .  2 

Marye's  Heights 15 

Wilderness 34 

Spottsylvania 44 

Cold  Harbor 2 

Fort  Stevens 6 

Charlestown,  W.  Va 8 

Opequon,  Va 3 

Fisher's  Hill 2 

Cedar  Creek 6 

Petersburg,  March  25,   1865, 4 

Fall  of  Petersburg,  April  2,   1865, 10 

Siege  of  Petersburg 2 

Total 237 

According  to   the   above   table,    the   substantial   accuracy  of  which 
appears  in  the  narrative,  the  61st  losses  may  be  summarized  as  follows: — 


150  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Killed  and  mortally  wounded : 

Officers, 19 

Men,.  .   218 


237 

Died  of  disease,  officers, 1 

Died  in  rebel  prisons, 19 

Died  of  disease  and  accidents,  men, 81 


Total  deaths, .  .  338 

Wounded,.  .   635 


Total  losses, 973 

To  this  aggregate  of  losses  should  be  added  the  missing  in  battle  who 
were  never  heard  from,  such  as  1st  Lieut.  Eugene  C.  Koerner  of  Company 
B,  at  the  Wilderness,  T.  W.  Kinter  and  Aaron  Titterington  of  Company 
A,  the  former  missing  at  Fair  Oaks  and  the  latter  at  Cold  Harbor.  In 
all  such  instances  beyond  any  doubt  the  officers  and  men  lost  their  lives 
in  some  way,  and  of  such  there  were  at  least  27,  bringing  up  the  total  loss 
m  the  regiment  to  ONE  THOUSAND.  The  casualties  of  officers  in 
the  61st  is  suggested  by  the  number  of  commissions  issued  to  that  regiment; 
by  official  records  of  Pennsylvania,  field  and  staff  commissions  were  issued 
to  the  number  of  32  and  line  officers  received  143  commissions,  making 
in  all  175;  the  maximum  number  of  officers  in  a  regiment  was  38,  so  that 
on  an  average  the  61st  officers,  field,  staff  and  line,  changed  every  eleven 
months,  and  each  office  had  at  least  four  incumbents. 

In  the  absence  of  official  information  from  the  United  States  Adjutant 
General's  office,  it  is  impossible  to  give  further  information  as  to  the  names 
of  officers  and  men  of  the  61st  regiment.  While  the  family  or  heirs  of  any 
particular  officer  or  man  may  obtain  information  from  Washington  respect 
ing  legal  rights  or  relations  upon  giving  the  name,  company  and  regiment 
and  specifying  the  facts  desired,  no  department  of  the  United  States 
government  will  furnish  any  military  information  for  mere  historical 
purposes.  The  United  States,  at  a  cost  of  over  five  million  dollars, 
has  published  a  voluminous  work  called  "Rebellion  Records,"  which 
contains  Union  and  Confederate  orders,  reports  and  correspondence, 
with  an  index;  as  to  some  battles  and  campaigns  the  information  is 
nearly  complete,  but  as  to  others  it  is  inaccurate  and  fragmentary.  This 
work  contains  the  names  of  most  officers  killed,  but  does  not  give  the 
names  of  those  wounded  or  who  died  of  disease  or  in  prison,  and  it  does 
not  pretend  to  furnish  the  names  of  men  killed  or  wounded  in  battle. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  61st  was  raised  in  four  different  sections 
of  the  state,  distant  from  each  other,  few  regimental  reunions  have  been 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  151 

held  and  few  opportunities  have  been  afforded  to  perpetuate  memories  of 
field  service. 

The  first  reunion,  19  years  after  the  war  ended,  was  held  Saturday, 
May  31st,  1884,  on  the  Fair  Oaks  battlefield,  being  the  same  day  of  the 
week  on  which  the  fight  occurred,  on  its  twenty-second  anniversary*  The 
visitors  left  Washington  Friday  morning,  May  30th,  and,  according  to  a 
newspaper  account — "They  arrived  at  Fredericksburg  and  participated 
in  the  decoration  at  the  soldiers'  graves  at  the  cemetery,  where  they  met 
R.  E.  Lee  Conferedate  Camp,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  Phil  Kearney  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  Richmond,  and  the  1st  Co.  of  Veteran  Corps,  the  Continentals, 
of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  Meade  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  of  same  place.  Pizarro's 
Veteran  Brass  Band,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  several  first  class  drum 
corps  furnished  the  music  for  the  occasion.  After  decoration  services  the 
Vets.'  were  escorted  to  Richmond,  Va.,  by  R.  E.  Lee  Camp  and  Kearney 
Posts  and  brass  band  from  Richmond,  Va. 

IN  RICHMOND. 

"Lee  Camp  determined  to  give  the  vets,  a  warm  reception.  At 
10  o'clock,  P.  M.  the  train  arrived.  To  the  sound  of  martial  music  Com 
pany  B.  of  the  First  Regiment,  commanded  by  Captain  Henry  C.  Jones, 
and  the  Richmond  Light  Infantry  Blues,  Captain  Andrew  Pizzini,  marched 
out  from  Seventh  street  and  out  to  Elba  station  to  receive  the  visitors. 
They  were  on  hand  in  good  time  and  when  the  visitors  disembarked 
from  the  train  the  military  were  in  position.  Mayor  Carrington  welcomed 
them  in  a  brief  but  cordial  speech  tendering  them  the  hospitalities  of  the 
city. 

"The  scene  on  Broad  street  while  the  veterans  were  moving  down 
was  beautiful.  From  either  side  sky-rockets  burst  in  the  air,  shedding 
stars  of  light  that  dimmed  those  high  in  the  heavens.  Red  and  blue  fire 
made  the  scenes  as  bright  as  day  almost,  and  the  colors  reflected  on  the 
houses  and  surroundings  were  dazzling  and  picturesque  to  a  degree  rarely 
seen,  and  certainly  delightful  to  behold.  The  smoke  from  the  cannon 
crackers  that  boomed  and  bursted  from  every  side  gave  a  sort  of  battle- 
look  to  the  soldiers  as  it  wrapped  them  in  its  folds,  and  the  sparks  that  sif tc  d 
down  over  them  by  a  little  stretch  of  imagination  could  have  been  likened 
to  death-dealing  missiles. 

"It  was  pageantry,  it  was  pomp,,  it  was  pretty.  Thank  God  it  was 
peace! 

"Amidst  the  shouts  of  the  people,  the  playing  of  the  bands,  and  the 
glare  of  the  fireworks  the  veterans  .cached  Armory  Hall  and  were  cordially 
received  and  welcomed  by  the  authorities.  "They  were  delighted  with  all 
they  saw,  and  surprised  at  the  ovation  they  received," 

Col.  Orr  responded  in  a  fine  short  address,  part  of  which  appears  at 
the  head  of  this  chapter.  The  procession  then  started  for  the  station 
and  the  same  account  says:- 


152  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

"The  following  from  the  Richmond  "Dispatch"  will  display  their 
visit  to  the  battle  ground;  the  Sixty-first  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Vet 
erans,  after  the  grand  reception  they  received  Friday  night,  slept  sweetly, 
and  Saturday  morning  when  the  last  fringe  of  darkness  was  swept 
away  by  southern  sunlight,  the  richness  and  brightness  whereof  had  not 
been  seen  by  the  old  veterans  since  the  troublous  days  of  war,  they  aroused 
the rr selves  and  prepared  to  set  forth  for  the  battlefield  of  Fair  Oaks,  as 
they  call  it,  but  Seven  Pines  in  our  mention  hereabouts.  They  went 
down  in  private  carriages,  and  in  all  numbered  at  least  one  hundred  persons 
including  the  Grand  Army  men  from  Phila.  Kearney  Post  and  the  veterans 
from  Lee  Camp.  They  roamed  over  the  field  gathering  relics  in  the 
shape  of  bullets,  buried  muskets,  battered  canteens,  buckles,  and  other 
things  of  rr.ilitary  life.  A  meeting  was  then  organized  on  the  identical 
ground  ever  which  these  brave  boys  in  blue  more  than  a  score  of  years 
ago  charged,  many  of  them  to  death,  and  others  to  defeat. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  E.  D.  KEYES. 

"This  gallant  commander  of  the  Fourth  army  corps  at  the  battle  of 
Seven  Pines  addressed  the  veterans.  He  paid  them  a  high  compliment, 
alluding  to  the  intrepid  gallantry  of  the  command,  the  hard  fighting  it  did, 
the  heavy  loss  it  sustained,  and  declaring  that  no  braver  men  ever  faced 
death  for  the  Union.  He  stated  that  his  command  lost  at  least  one-half 
in  killed  and  wounded  at  Seven  Pines,  and  that  it  had  achieved  imperish 
able  renown  by  its  deeds  on  the  field.  Three  cheers  and  a  tiger  were  given 
for  the  old  Confederates. 

"A  feeling  and  interesting  paper  prepared  by  the  adjutant  of  the 
regiment,  Lieutenant  W.  Gibson  Miller,  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Seven 
Pines  was  read. 

"Among  the  distinguished  gentlemen  present  were  Major-General 
E.  D.  Keyes,  Colonel  Robert  L.  Orr,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  S.  Greene, 
Major  O.  A.  Parsons,  Captain  Jacob  Creps,  Captain  W.  J.  Glenn  and  wife, 
Lieutenant  R.  B.  McDowell  and  wife;  A.  T.  Brewer,  Esq.,  Cleveland,  O.; 
Frank  L.  Blair;  Lieutenant  W.  H.  McClelland,  Fifth  Pennsylvania 
Heavy  Artillery;  Colonel  J.  H.  Gray,  One  Hundred  and  Fifth  Penn 
sylvania  Volunteers;  Adjutant  George  Lacock,  of  the  Fourteenth  Regi 
ment  National  Guard,  Pennsylvania;  Major  W.  J.  Ryan,  commander  of 
State  Fencibles,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  W.  S.  Rippey  a  brother  of  the  old 
colonel  of  the  Sixty-first  alluded  to  above. 

"Late  in  the  afternoon  the  veterans  came  back  to  Richmond,  delighted 
with  the  manner  in  which  the  day  had  been  passed." 

On  the  battlefield,  Gen  Keyes  delivered  a  short  address,  saying  among 
other  things  that  he  had  attended  no  reunion  since  the  war  but  had  come 
from  the  Pacific  coast  to  meet  survivors  of  the  61st,  as  that  regiment  had 
stood  like  the  immortal  Three  Hundred  under  Leonidas  at  Thermopylae, 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  153 

holding  back  the  rebels  until  other  Union  troops  could  get  into  position, 
thus  helping  to  avert  a  great  disaster  in  McClellan's  army. 

The  next  time  members  of  the  61st  had  a  chance  to  see  each  other  was 
on  May  12,  1887,  at  Spottsylvania  Court-house,  when  the  memorial  to 
Gen.  vSedgwick  was  dedicated.  This  was  a  meeting  of  survivors  of  the 
6th  corps  for  the  unveiling  of  a  modest  monument  marking  the  spot  where 
the  beloved  commander  fell  on  May  9,  1864.  Out  of  the  fifty  thousand 
men  who  served  in  the  6th  corps  during  its  history,  about  one  thousand  re 
turned,  with  many  of  their  families  and  friends,  to  pay  honor  to  the  illis- 
trious  dead.  On  Wednesday  evening,  May  11,  1887,  the  6th  corps  visitors 
were  tendered  a  warm  reception  by  the  people  of  Fredericksburg,  who, 
in  co-operation  with  their  guests,  had  arranged  a  meeting  in  a  large  audi 
torium.  The  program  of  this  meeting,  printed  in  gold  letters,  de  erves  to 
be  preserved  and  is  here  given  as  follows :- 

First  page 
PROGRAM 

SEDGWICK  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
Fredericksburg,    Va.,  May    11,    1887. 


Comrade  William  J.  Wray,  of  Philadelphia, 
Late  23rd  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
Master  of  Ceremonies. 

2nd    Page 
PROGRAM 

No.  1.     Music  by  Eagle  Cornet  Band  of  Fredericksburg. 

No.  2.      Address   by  Governor  Ormsby,   of  Vermont. 

No.  3.      George    W.     Johnson,     Chairman     Executive     Committee, 

report  on  Finances  and  Expenditures. 

No.  5.     Address  by  Colonel  Andrew  Cowan,  of  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
No.  6.     Address  of  Rev.  J.  P.  Smith,  of  Stonewall  Jackson's  Staff. 
No.  7.     Address    by   Adjutant-General   Stryker,    representing    New 

Jersey. 

No.  8.     Gen.   James   W.    Latta,    President   of  Association,    address 
in  words  of  thanks  and  humorous  remarks. 


154  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

3rd  Page 

No.  9.      Comrade    Kay,    Philadelphia,    Comicalities. 

No.   10.   Jubilee  Singers  of  Fredericksburg — Plantation  style. 

No.  11.  Address  of  Henry  W.  Knight,  7th  Maine,  representing  rank 
and  file. 

No.  12.  J.  W.  Woltz,  Esq.,  of  Fredericksburg  FREE  LANCE, 
address  representing  the  Press  of  the  South. 

No.  13.  Recitation  by  Master  Harry  Schmid,  of  Philadelphia, 
brevet  comrade,  Dutch  Regulars,  98th  Pennsylvania. 

No.   14.   General  Greenleaf,  of  Vermont,  spoke  for  the  Cavalry. 

No.   15.   Jubilee   Singers. 

No.  16.  Cheers  for  Generals  Wright,  Getty  and  the  Press  and  People 
of  Fredericksburg. 

No.  17.  Music  during  the  evening  by  the  Eagle  Cornet  Band,  re 
organized  expressly  for  the  visitation. 

4th  Page 
44  WE  HAVE  DRUNK  FROM  THE  SAME  CANTEEN'" 

"We  have  shared  our  blankets  and  tents  together; 
We  have  marched  and  fought  in  all  kinds  of  weather; 

And  hungry  and  full  we  have  been; 
We  had  days  of  battle  and  days  of  rest, 
But  the  memory  that  clings  to  us  best; 

We  have  drunk  from  the  same  canteen." 

-MILES  O'REILY. 
Compliment  of  J.  W.  Woltz,  Editor  "Free  Lance." 


The  next  morning,  May  12,  the  visitors,  in  all  kinds  of  vehicles,  on 
horseback  and  afoot,  started  for  Spotsylvania  Court-house,  twelve  miles 
away,  toward  Richmond.  The  journey  was  most  impressive,  recalling 
the  stirring  scenes  of  1863-64,  and  the  battlefield,  reached  about  ten  o'clock, 
brought  deathless  memories  of  a  terrific  struggle.  The  dedication  cere 
mony,  including  reports,  addresses  and  letters  from  invited  guests  unable 
to  attend,  showed  how  much  real  affection  the  survivors  felt  for  "Uncle 
John  Sedgwick,"  a  true,  loyal,  brave  modest  soldier.  A  picnic  dinner  in 
the  woods  was  provided  and  thoroughly  enjoyed  by  the  people  from  the 
north;  then  hours  were  spent  going  over  the  famous  battlefield,  interest 
centering  in  the  part  occupied  by  the  6th  corps  and  especially  the  celebrated 
"bloody  angle,"  where  the  site  of  the  oak  tree  cut  down  by  minie-balls  was 
a  pond  of  water  about  forty  feet  in  diameter,  excavation  having  been  made 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  155 

by  relic  hunters  for  even  roots  of  the  tree.  At  this  place  earthworks, 
built  by  the  rebels  and  taken  by  the  Union  Army,  remained  unchanged 
except  the  settling  incident  to  the  lapse  of  23  years.  Trees  of  all  kinds 
had  grown  up  through  the  embankments,  and  aside  from  the  riflepits  and 
redoubts,  all  signs  of  war  had  disappeared;  apparently  nature  had  acceler 
ated  her  pace  in  order  to  obliterate  the  evidence  of  carnage  and  furnish 
a  sylvan  mantle  for  the  field  of  human  conflict. 

Generals  Wright,  Getty  and  others  conspicuous  in  making  the  great 
record  of  the  6th  corps,  were  present  and  received  the  heartiest  g  eeting 
from  men  they  commanded.  The  long  distance  between  a  major  general 
and  a  private  soldier  necessarily  existing  in  war  times  was  not  observed 
on  that  field  in  1887.  The  general  and  private  were  on  equal  terms  of 
familiarity  and  cordiality.  If  the  general  was  more  interesting  it  was 
because  he  knew  more  from  better  opportunities  than  the  private  about 
the  battle. 

Since  the  history  of  the  61st  is  so  closely  identified  with  the  6th  corps 
it  is  proper  to  quote  in  this  place  as  a  last  reference  to  that  corps  a  state 
ment  from  Col.  Fox,  page  79,  whose  admirable  work  has  been  so  often 
referred  to  in  this  narrative.  The  61st  had  a  part  in  all  the  experiences 
mentioned : — 

"The  history  of  the  6th  corps,  more  than  any  other,  is  replete  with 
fascinating  interest.  Its  record  is  invested  with  more  of  the  romance  and 
brilliancy  of  war.  There  was  the  successful  assault  on  Marye's  Heights; 
the  brilliant  dash  into  the  rifle  pits  at  Rappahannock  Station ;  the  deadly 
hand-to-hand  fight  in  the  gloomy  thickets  of  Spottsylvania ;  the  breathless 
interest  which  attaches  to  their  long  fight  at  Fort  Stevens,  where,  under 
the  eye  of  the  President,  they  saved  the  National  Capitol  from  the  hand 
of  the  invader;  the  victories  in  the  Valley,  with  the  dramatic  incident  at 
Cedar  Creek;  and  the  crowning  success  at  the  storming  of  Petersburg. 
Over  all  these  scenes  the  Greek  cross  waved  proudly  on  the  banners  of  the 
corps,  while  its  veteran  legions  wrought  deeds  which  linked  that  badge 
with  an  unfading  glory  and  renown." 

The  next  meeting  of  the  61st  was  on  July  24,  1888,  at  Gettysburg, 
where  its  regimental  monument  was  dedicated  on  Wolf's  Hill.  On  that 
occasion  many  survivors  of  the  61st  were  present  with  their  families.  The 
visitors  arrived  the  evening  before  and  went  over  the  field  where  so  much 
hard  fighting  occurred  on  July  1st,  1863.  The  next  day,  July  24,  the 
anniversary  of  the  commission  issued  to  Col.  Rippey,  starting  early  the 
company  visited  various  places  made  memorable  by  the  battle,  such  as 
Cemetery  Ridge,  the  Peach  Orchard,  the  Wheat' Field,  ,he  Devil's  Den, 
Little  Round  Top,  Gulp's  Hill.  Here  the  monument  stood,  covered  with 
red,  white  and  blue.  At  the  unveiling,  Col.  Robt.  L.  Orr  delivered  a  short 
and  most  impressive  address,  followed  by  the  oration  delivered  by  the 
author  of  this  history,  both  address  and  oration  appearing  in  "Penn 
sylvania  at  Gettysburg",  Vol.  I,  beginning  on  page  339. 


156  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

The  monument,  Romanesque  in  design,  is  of  light  gray  granite,  nearly 
square,  and  consists  of  a  base  in  two  parts  and  a  shaft  with  a  cap,  all  about 
ten  feet  high.  On  the  upper  beveled  part  of  the  base  is  this  inscription 
in  raised  letters  :- 

"61st  Penna.  Infantry 
3d  Brig.  2nd  Div.  6th  Corps." 

On  the  shaft  above  this  inscription  is  the  following:— 

"After  a  march  of  37  miles  Reached  the  field  about  4 
P.  M.  July  2nd  and  moved  to  support  of  12th  Corps 
Occupied  this  position  from  morning  of  July  3d  until 
close  of  battle." 

On  each  face  of  the  cap  is  a  Greek  cross,  the  badge  of  the  6th  corps. 

The  Industrial  School  News,  published  at  Scotland,  Pa.,  under  date 
of  April  9,  1908,  contains  the  names  of  members  of  the  61st  to  whom  Con 
gressional  medals  of  honor,  the  highest  recognition  for  bravery,  have  been 
awarded.  The  list  is  here  given  as  printed,  with  the  facts  relating  to  each:- 

" Colonel  Robert  L.  Orr,  61st  Infantry.  Two  color  bearers  having 
been  shot,  he  seized  the  colors  and  carried  them  at  the  head  of  the  column  in 
the  assault  at  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865. 

"Captain  George  W.  Mindil,  I,  61st  Infantry.  As  an  aide-de-camp 
led  a  charged  at  Williamsburg,  May  5,  1862. 

"Captain  Sylvester  D.  Rhodes,  D,  61st  Infantry.  Was  first  to  enter 
breastworks  at  Fisher's  Hill,  September  22,  1864,  capturing  a  gun,  and 
turning  it  upon  retreating  enemy. 

"First  Lieutenant  Charles  H.  Clausen,  H,  61st  Infantry;  although 
severely  wounded  at  Spottsylvania,  May,  1864  he  led  his  command  for 
ward  and  saved  a  battery  from  capture. 

"Corporal  John  Fisher,  C,  61st  Infantry,  carried  regimental  colors 
fifty  yards  in  advance  of  his  regiment,  and  being  painfully  wounded, 
attempted  to  crawl  into  the  enemy's  works  at  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865. 

"Corporal  John  C.  Matthews,  A,  61st  Infantry.  Voluntarily  took 
the  colors  whose  bearer  had  been  disabled,  and  although  wounded  him 
self,  carried  the  same  until  the  enemy's  works  were  taken,  at  Petersburg, 
April  2,  1865. 

"Private  Milton  Matthews,  F,  61st  Infantry,  in  hand-to-hand  encount 
er  while  capturing  a  Confederate  flag  he  received  two  severe  wounds  at 
Petersburg,  April  2,  1865." 

At  the  Mongonahela  House,  Pittsburg,  January  16,  1908,  the  61st 
held  its  last  reunion.  About  fifty  survivors  of  the  regiment  were  present 
many  of  them  accompanied  by  members  of  their  families.  A  large  pro 
portion  of  the  men  had  not  met  since  the  war,  and  their  greetings  were  of 


PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS  157 

the  heartiest  kind.  Old  memories  were  discussed,  and  the  banquet  was 
thoroughly  appreciated. 

At  this  meeting,  pursuant  to  previous  notice,  a  veteran  regimental 
organization  was  formed,  with  a  view  of  arranging  for  a  history  of  the 
regiment.  Officers  of  this  new  organization  were  elected  as  follows : — 

Capt.  H.  O.  C.  Oehmler,  President. 

Major  O.  A.  Parsons,  Vice  President. 

Col.  W.  J.  Glenn,  Treasurer. 

F.    L.   Blair,   Secretary. 

A.   T.   Brewer,   Historian. 

Under  the  direction  of  the  above  officers  the  historical  work  was 
immediately  planned  and  the  historian  began  to  collect  and  arrange  the 
materials.  Some  of  his  difficulties  are  referred  to  in  the  preface. 

On  August  27th,  Col.  Wm.  J.  Glenn,  the  treasurer,  died  after  a  brief 
illness.  This  was  an  irreparable  loss  to  the  historical  work,  besides  taking 
away  one  of  the  most  interesting  characters  among  the  survivors  of  the 
regiment.  Col.  Glenn  was  not  only  a  fine  soldier,  with  a  brilliant  record, 
but  he  was  a  distinguished  citizen  and  an  unselfish  and  lovable  friend.  His 
interest  in  the  historic  work  was  intelligent  and  his  efforts  to  aid  the  -his 
torian  were  tireless  and  sympathetic. 

Col.  Glenn  promised  to  prepare  a  history  of  the  flags  carried  by  the 
regiment  during  the  war,  but  died  before  any  progress  was  made  in  this 
patriotic  labor  of  love.  The  following  account  of  the  flags,  taken 
partly  from  a  summary  in  Bates'  History,  prepared  by  Col.  Orr,  is  believed 
to  be  substantially  correct: — 

"The  regiment  received  its  first  colors,  an  offering  from  citizens  of 
Pittsburg,  before  proceeding  to  the  field  in  1861.  Later,  at  Camp  Advance, 
another  flag  was  presented,  to  which  reference  is  made  in  the  first  chapter. 
At  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  this  flag  was  torn  to  shreds  by 
the  enemy's  fire,  and  was  sent,  with  the  body  of  Col.  Rippey  to  Pittsburg, 
his  former  home.  The  second  flag  was  presented  on  behalf  of  the  State, 
and  was  carried  in  all  the  rough  service  of  the  regiment  until  September, 
1864,  when,  having  become  much  torn  and  mutilated,  it  was  sent  to  Harris- 
burg,  and  immediately  the  regiment  received  from  the  Governor  a  new 
one  to  supply  its  place."  These  new  colors,  with  a  beautiful  flag  presented 
in  January,  1865,  by  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  were  carried  until  the  war 
ended.  A  contemporary  newspaper,  referring  to  the  latter  flag,  says: — 

"A  number  of  citizens  have  had  manufactured  a  magnificent  flag 
for  presentation  to  the  61st  regiment.  It  is  made  of  heavy  silk;  one  side 
contains  an  elaborate  painting  of  the  coat  of  arms  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
reverse  a  beautiful  representation  of  an  American  Eagle.  The  flag  contains 
the  following  inscription,  'PRESENTED  BY  THE  CITIZENS  OF 
PHILADELPHIA  TO  THE  SIXTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  PENNSYL 
VANIA  VOLUNTEERS  FOR  GALLANT  CONDUCT  THROUGHOUT 
THE  WAR.'  The  names  of  the  principal  battles  in  which  the  regiment 


158 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


took  an  active  part,  arc  inscribed  on  the  flag.  Among  which  are  Marye's 
Heights,  Fair  Oaks,  Washington,  B.C.,  Malvern  Hill,  Winchester,  Antic- 
tarn,  Cedar  Creek,  and  Wilderness.  This  flag  is  safe  from  dishonor  in  the 
hands  of  the  Sixty-first." 


FINALLY. 

The  Sixty-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  never  failed 
to  perform  any  duty  assigned  to  them.  Never  lost  a 
color,  but  captured  several. 


ROSTER  OF  THE 

6 1  ft  REGIMENT,  PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS 


FIELD  AND  STAFF  OFFICERS. 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO   SERVICE. 

<n 

REMARKS. 

Oliver  H.  Rippey , 
George  C.  Spear. . 

George  F.  Smith . 
John  W.  Crosby. . 


.  .Col.. . .  July      24,   1861J  3    Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Col.. . .  Aug.        2,  1801    3    Maj.  23d  P.  V.— Promoted  from  Lt.  Col. 

to  Col.  June  1,  1862 —Prisoner  at 
Fair  Oaks  and  killed  at  Marye's 
Heights,  May  3,  1863. 


.Col....  Aug.        2,   1861J  3 


Lt.  Col...  Sept.       2,  1861 


Robert  L.  Orr. . 


Frank  P.  Robinson. 
Charles  S.  Greene. . 


..Col... 


Aug.      21,  1861    3 


Lt.  Col... 

Lt.  Col...  Aug. 


21,   1861 


George  W.  Dawson ....  Major. .  Aug.        1,   1861    3 


Capt.  Co.  B,  49th  P.  V.— Promoted  from 
Maj.  to  Lt.  Col.,  June  1,  1862— to 
Col.,  Mar.  21,  1864— mus.  out  Sept. 
7,  1864 — expir.  of  term — re-com.  Sept. 
29,  1864 — disch.  by  special  order, 
April  20,  1865. 

Promoted  from  Co.  G.  to  Maj.  April 
22,  1864— Wounded  at  Wilderness 
May  6,  1864,— at  Fort  Stevens,  July 
12,  1864;— mustered  out  Dec.  15, 

1864.  Re-com.    Lt.    Col.    Feb.    22, 

1865.  Killed  at  Petersburg,  April  2, 
1865. 

Co.  O,  23d  P.  V.— Transferred  to  61st 
P.  V.,  Mar  1,  1862.  Major  Dec.  18, 
1864. — Lieutenant-Col.  May  14,  1865. 
— B  re  vetted  Major.  U.S.  Vol.  Sept. 
22,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  battles  of  Winchester 
and  Fisher  Hill,  Va.  Col.  April  21, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  in  the  assault  before  Peters 
burg,  Va.  Awarded  a  medal  of  honor, 
Died  Nov.  14,  1894. 

Never  Commissioned. 

Promoted  from  Capt.  Co.  C.  to  Lt. 
Col.  May  15,  1865.— Wounded  at 
Winchester,  Va.  Sept.  19,  1864— 
Mus.  out  with  regiment,  June  28, 
1865. 

Promoted  from  Capt.  Co.  C.  to  Maj., 
Dec.  1,  1862;— Com.  Lt.  Col.,  May 
4,  1863;— Not  Mus.— Disch.  April  16, 
1864. 


160 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 


RANK. 


DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO    SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Oliver  A.  Parsons. 


Major.  .Sept.       2,   1861 


W.  Gibson  Miller. 


.Adj Aug.        1,  1861 


3  Promoted  from  1st  Sgt.  to  2d  Lt.,  April 
19,  1864;  to  1st  Lt.,  Oct.  1,  1864;  to 
Capt.,  Nov.  30,  1864;  to  Major,  May 
14,  1865.— Wounded  at  Spottsylvania 
May  18,  1864  and  at  Petersburg, 
April  2,  1865.  Mus.  out  June  28, 
1865. — Brevetted  Major  for  gallantry 
at  assault  on  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865. 
Prisoner  at  Fair  Oaks; — Veteran. 

3  'Promoted  from  2d.  Lt.  Co.  E.  to  1st  Lt. 
and  Adjt.  Sept.  7,  1861.— Discharged 
—Mar.  11,  1863. 


George  W.  Wilson..  .  .  .Adj Sept.       2,   1861 1  3 


Promoted  from  1st  Lt.  Co.  H.  to  Adjt. 
Mar.  11,  1863;— killed  at  Spottsyl 
vania  C.  H.  May  8,  1864. 


Augustus  R.  Seiler. ....  .Adj Sept.       4,   1861 


Benj.  W.  Baldwin. 
Chas.  F.  Kennedy 


Robert  M.  Tindle. 
Gecrge  R.  Lewis  . . 


Ambrose  J.  Herr... 

Jas.  B.  Freeland... 
John  W.  Riddle .  . 


.Q.  M...   Aug.        1,   1861 
.Q.  M.  ..Aug.      21,   1861 


.Surg....  Sept.     14,  1861 
.Surg....  Aug.        1,   1862 


A't.  Sur..Sept.       7,  1861 

A't.  Sur..  Sept.  17,  1862 
A't.  Sur..  Sept.  12,  1862 


Jas.  A.  McFadden,  . . .  A't.  Sur..  April  1,  1863 

Wm.  W.  Kirlin A't.  Sur..  Dec.  18,  1864 

I 

Jonathan  Fulton Chap'n. .  Aug.  1,  1862 

W.  R.  Stockton Chap'n. ..'April  13,  1862 

A.  G.  C.  Calhoun Sr.  Maj. .  Aug.  1,  1861 

Israel  Gray Sr.  Maj.    Aug.  22,  1861 


3  Promoted  from  2d.  Lt.  Co.  F.  to  1st 
Lt.  and  Adj.  April  6,  1865;  mus.  out 
with  regiment  June  28,  1865. 

3    Mus.  out  Sept.  6,  1864 — expir.  of  term. 


3  jPromoted  from  1st  Lt.  Co.  C.  to  Q.  M. 
Dec.  18,  1864;— Mus.  out  with  regi 
ment  June  28,  1865. 

3  ! Resigned  Aug.  19,  1863. 

3    Promoted  from  Ass't  Surg.  51th  P.  V., 

Sept.  18,  1863.— Mus.  out  with  Regt. 

June  28,    1865. 

3  Promoted  to  Surg.  68th  P.  V.,  Sept.  13, 
1862. 

3    Resigned  Jan.  11,  1863. 

3  Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864 — Expiration  of 
term. 

3  ;Mu«.  out  Sept.  7.  1864.  Expiration  of 
term. 

3    Mus.  out  with  Regt.  June  28,  1865. 

.  .    Resigned. 

3    Resigned  Sept.  26,  1862. 

3  Promoted  from  Sergt.  Co.  E,  Jan.  8, 
1865;— Mus.  out  with  Regt.  June  28, 
1865.— Veteran. 

3  Wounded  at  Fredericksburg  May  3,  1863 
and  at  Spottsylvania,  May  1864. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


161 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO   SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

David  M'Clain  

Sr.  Maj. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st  Lt.  Co.  K.,  Jan.  1, 
1863. 

R.  R.  Lippincott  

Sr.  Maj. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st  Lt.  Co.  I.,  Sept.  1, 
1863. 

William  Lathrop  

Sr.  Maj.   Sept. 

2, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d  Lt.  Co.  D.  Jan.  8,  1865; 
—  Veteran. 

Jeremiah  H.  Murphy.  . 
John  Caldwell 

Sr.  Maj. 
Sr.  Maj. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

21, 
1, 

1861 
1861 

3 
3 

Killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19, 
1864.—  Veteran. 

Promoted  from  Sr.  Maj.  to  2d.  Lt., 
April  19,  1864;—  Disch.  Oct.  1864,  for 
wounds  rec'd.  July  12,  1864. 

Robert  Dickson  

Q.  M.  S. 

Sept. 

2, 

1862 

3 

Promoted  to  Quartermaster  Sergt.  Dec. 
22d,  1864;—  Disch.  by  Gen.  Orr. 
June  20,  1865. 

George  F.  Lutz  

Q.  M.S. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st  Lt.  Co.  G,  Dec.  22, 
1864;—  Veteran. 

John  C.  Armor  

C'm.  Sr. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Priv.  Co.  A,  Sept.  4, 
1864;  —  Mus.  out  with  Regt.  June  28, 
1864;—  Veteran. 

Jacob.  Sanders  

Com.  Sr. 

vSept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept  7,  1864;—  Expir.  of  term. 

William  Clowes  

H'p.  St. 

Sept. 

9, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Priv.  Co.  E.  63d.  P.  V. 
Mar.  31,  1862;—  Mus.  out  with  Regt. 
June  28,  1865.—  Veteran. 

Woodman  Sample.  .  .  .  PI.  Muc.. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mus   out   with   Regt.   June   28,    1865. 
Veteran. 

William  R.  Taylor  PI.  Muc. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept,  7,  1864,—  Expir.  of  term. 

Charles.  O  Little  

PI.  Muc. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864—  Expir.  of  term. 

Note : — 

Lieut.  Col  Frank  Vallee,  82d.  Pennsylvania  Vols. 
to  Sept.   22,   1862. 


commanded  the  61st  from  June  3.  1862 


162 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

COMPANY  A. 
RECRUITED  IN  INDIANA  COUNTY. 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

j  TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Jacob  Crcps,  

.Capt.... 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.  Exp.  of  term. 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  and  at 

Banks  Ford,  May  4,  1863. 

Robert  L.  Orr  

.  .Capt... 

Aug. 

21, 

1861 

3  .Transferred  from  Co.  H,  Sept.   1864.— 

Promoted  to  Maj.  Dec.  18,  1864. 

Davis  A.  Lukehart.  .....  Capt... 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3  A^eteran.     Promoted  to  2d  Lt.  Dec.  15, 

1864;'  to  1st  Lt.  April  5,  1865;  to  Capt. 

A'ril  19,  1865.         Mus.  out  June  28, 

1865.      Wd.    Fair    Oaks,    Fredericks- 

burg,     Spottsylvania,    Cedar     Creek. 

John  Pollock. 

.1st  Lt... 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Died  at  Portsmouth,  June  13,   1862  of 

•  *•  "o  • 

wounds  received  at  Fair  Oaks,  May 

31,    1862. 

Frank  M.  Brown  

.1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st  Sergt.  June  15,  1862. 

Killed  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

Charles  H.  Clausen.  .  .  .  1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861    3 

Transferred  from  Co.  H.  Wd.  at  Spott 

sylvania,   May    12,  1864.     Promoted 

to  Capt.  Co.  E.  Oct.  1,  1864. 

George  R.  Coleman.  .  .  .1st.  Lt..  Aug. 

21, 

1861    3 

Transferred    from     Co.     H.     Promoted 

I 

from  1st  Sergt.  to  1st  Lt.     Nov.  14, 

1864.     Mus.  out  Mar.  14,  1865. 

George.  H.  Shanafelt... 

.1st.  Lt.jAug. 

1, 

1861    3 

Promoted     from     Sergt.     to     2nd     Lt. 

i 

April  4,    1865;   to   1st  Lt.   April   19, 

1865.     Mus.  out  with   Co.  June  28, 

1865.     Veteran. 

George.  W.  Brady  }  .  2d.  Lt.  . 

Aug. 

1, 

1861    3 

Resigned  July  30,   1862.     Wd.  at  Fair 

Oaks. 

Isaac  N.  Price  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Promoted  to  2d  Lt.  Aug.  16,  1862.  Died 

at   Charlestown  Aug.   21,    1864  from 

wounds   received   at   Welch's   Spring 

the  same  day. 

Joseph  H.  Clark  2d.  Lt..  Aug. 

21, 

1861    3    Promoted   from    1st   Sergt.    to   2d.    Lt. 

April     19,     1865.      Mus.     out     with 

Co.  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 

Wm.  L.  Buchanan  1st.  S'rt.  Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Promoted    1st    Sergt.    June    13,    1862. 

Wd.  at  Ft.  Stevens  July  12,  1864— 

losing  arm.     Discharged  Oct.  18,  1864 

on  surgeon's  certificate. 

James  M.  Chambers 

1st.  S'rt. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861    3    Promoted  to  1st  Sergt.  April  5,   1865. 

Mus.    out  with   Co.   June   28,    1865. 

Veteran. 

Frank  Donohue  Sergt.  .  . 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Wd.  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  1862. 

Benj.  F.  Rowland  .  Sergt.  .  . 

Aug. 

22, 

1861;  3    Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks—  Killed  at  Spottsyl- 

vania  May  12,  1864,  while  voluntarily 

helping  to  man  a  battery  at  Bloody 

Angle. 

A.  T.  Brewer  

.  Sergt.  .  . 

Aug. 

22, 

1861  j  3    Mus.  out  Sept.  10,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Wd.    at    Fair   Oaks,    May   31,    1862. 

j 

Retd.  to  Regt  Aug.  27,  1862. 

James  M.  Ayers  .  Sergt.  .  .  Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864—  exp.  of  term. 

Wd.  at  Wilderness  May,  1864. 

Wm.  G.  Smith  Sergt.  .  .  Sept. 

1, 

1862    3  ^us.  out  by  special  order  June  20,  1865. 

Wd.   at  Wilderness. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


163 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Abraham.  Davis  

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d.  Lt.  Co.  G.     Dec.  22, 
1864.     Veteran.     Wd.     at     Spottsyl- 

vania.     Mus.    out  June   28,    1865. 

James  H.  Stewart  

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.  Mar.  27,  1865. 

John  C.  Mathews  

Sergt.  .  .  . 

Feb. 

13,  1864 

3 

Wd.  at  Cedar  Creek.     Mus.  out  June  28, 

1865.      Awarded    medal   for   bravery 

at  Petersburg  April  2,  1865,  and  com 

mended  in  Gen.  Getty's  report. 

Nathaniel  S.  Tozer,  .  .  . 

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.  *  Veteran. 

Wm.  H.  Mott  

.  Sergt.  .  . 

Aug. 

22,  1861    3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 

Zach.  T.  Chambers  .  .  . 

.Sergt.  . 

Aug. 

22,  1861  1  3 

Mus.    out    with    Co.    June    28,    1865. 

Veteran. 

Lemuel  Brady  

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  Fredericksburg. 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania  May  8,  1864. 

Israel  Gray  

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.    at    Fredericksburg    May    3,    1863 

and    at    Spottsylvania,    May,     1864. 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  Maj.     Mus.  out 

Sept.    7,    1864. 

Edw.  R.  Robinson  .... 

Corp  

Sept. 

2,   1862    3    Promoted  to  Sergt.  in  Co.  F. 

John  T.  Warden  

.Corp.... 

Sept. 

10,   1862    3    Disch.  by  general  order  June  20,  1865. 

Israel  D.  Spencer,  

.Corp...  . 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3    Disch.  on  surgeon's  certificate  May  15, 

1865.     Veteran.     Wd.        Fair    Oaks, 

Wilderness  and  Cedar  Creek. 

Peter  W.  Dilts  

.Corp.... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept  7,  1864.     Taken  prisoner 

at  Gettysburg. 

Thos.  C.  Thompson.  .  . 

.Corp.... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Wilder 

ness. 

Peter  Keel   

.Corp.... 

Aug. 

22,   1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Fort 

Stevens. 

Luther  Richards 

.Corp.... 

Au?. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,   1864.     Wd.  at  Fair 

Oaks  and  Spottsylvania. 

Alexander  Streams.  .  .  . 

.  Corp...  .  Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Spott 

sylvania.     Acted    as   volunteer    color 

guard. 

William  Fillmore  

.Corp....|July 

14,  1863 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 

Isaac  Helman  

.  .Corp..  .  Feb. 

19,  1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.  Wd.  at  Wilder 

ness 

William  Stahl  

..Corp... 

Feb. 

29,  1864 

3 

Mus  out  June  28,  1865      Wd.  at  Spott 

sylvania.     Sunstroke    on    march     to 

Fort  Stevens  July  1864. 

Wm.  Ober 

.Corp 

Feb. 

25    1864 

3 

Mus    rmt   Tiinp  28.   1S65 

Peter  Fenogina  

'     X~'V-'A  ¥  *  *  • 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

2,  1861 

3  \Mus.  out"7  June  28,  T865. 

Joseph  Rager  

.  .Corp.  .  . 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Wd.  at  Fair 

Oaks   and   Spottsylvania. 

Samuel  Driver  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Mus.   out   June   28,    1865.     Veteran. 

Henry  V.  Stewart  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862;  Pris 

oner  at  Banks  Ford,  May  4,  1863  ;  Kill 

ed  at  Wilderness,   May  5,    1864;   In 

Wilderness  burial  ground. 

George  Sewel. 

Corp.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Wd.   Aug.    19,    1864.     Veteran. 

Andrew  Pearce,  

..Corp... 

.AIA£ 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  and 

disch.  on  account  of  his  injuries. 

John  R.  Stumpf  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  Spottsylvania  and  discharged  from 

hospital. 

Wm.  Weaver  

.  .Corp..  .  Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  and 

1 

died  on  the  field. 

Thomas  H.  Brewer..  ...  .Corp..  .  Aug. 

22,  1861 

3    Wd.  at  Antietam,  Sept.  18,  1862;  Disch. 

Jan.   1863  by  reason  of  his  wounds. 

164 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

(/} 

1 

w 

REMARKS. 

Alex.  S.  Work  ..Corp... 

Aug. 

22 

| 
1861    3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.     Mus. 

out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

John  C.  Armor  C'm  S't  . 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Wd.  at  Wilder 

ness.     Retd.  to  Regt.  June  6,   1864. 

Woodman  Sample  ....  Musician 

Aug. 

1, 

1861    3 

Veteran.     Promoted  to  principal  Musi 

cian  Sept.  4,  1864. 

John  Snyder                           Mndrinn 

Aus" 

22, 

1861    3 

Mus.  out   Sept.  7,  1864.      Served    vol 

' 

untarily  in  seven  days  battles  and  was 

• 

Regt.    Mail    Carrier. 

James  Miles  Walker...  Musician 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Mus.   out  Sept.   7,    1864.     Served  vol 

untarily  in  ranks  with  gun  in  seven 

days  battles.     Wd.  twice  at  Malvern 

Hill. 

Samuel.  L,yon  MnqiHan 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Aikens,  G. 

Private. 

****£« 

Tnlv 

14, 

1863 

3 

Killed  Spottsvlvania  May   12,    1864. 

Albright,  Christian.  .  .  . 

.  Private.  July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Wd.  Sept.  19/1864,  Cedar  Creek. 

Allison,  Andrew  B.,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Died  near  Alexandria,  Va.  Feb.  11,  1862. 

Body  sent  home. 

Allison,  Wm.  A.,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1862 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  Co.  F.  Nov.  1.,  1864. 

Disch.  by  general  order  June  20,  1865. 

Allison,  J.  E.,  

.  Private, 

Aug. 

22 

1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  Wilderness.     Mus 

out  Sept.  7,   1864.     Killed  the  rebel 

who    killed    Sergt.    Brady    in    night 

fight  May  8,  1864. 

Alexander,  Jamison  .  . 

.  Private.  Sept. 

1, 

1862 

3 

Disch.    on    Surgeon's    certificate     June 

20,  1865. 

Altebrand,  Fulbert.  .  . 

.Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Wd.    at  Fredericksburg  and  transf.  to 

veteran  reserve  corps. 

Anderson  Thomas,.  .  .  . 

.Private.  Aug. 

22 

1861    3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  discharged. 

Baker,  John  S  

.Private.  Feb. 

16, 

1865    1 

Disch.  by  general  order  June  3,  1865. 

Bark,  Joseph,  

.  Private.  July 

ie! 

1863 

3 

Drafted.     Absent,  sick,  at  Mus  out. 

Barnett,  Samuel,  

.Private.  Feb. 

25, 

1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.  Wd.  at  Wilder 

ness. 

Barr,  Samuel,  

.  Private  Autr. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Died    at   Portsmouth   Grove,   Aug.    23, 

1862. 

Beckley,  John  H.,. 

.  Private. 

July 

16, 

1863 

3 

Drafted.  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Bee,  Daniel  H.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Was  one  of  five  from  Co.  A.  who  vol 

unteered  to  man  a  battery  at  Bloody 

Angle,  Spottsylvania,  May  12,   1864 

and  the  only  one  that  returned  unhurt. 

Wd.  at  Fort  Stevens,  July  12,  1864, 

losing  leg. 

Black,  James  K.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

22 

1861    3 

Mus.  out    June    28,    1865.     Veteran. 

Bowen,  Philip,  

.  Private.  Feb. 

25, 

1864j  3 

Killed  July  12,  1864  at  Fort  Stevens. 

Brayman,  Silas  L.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

2l! 

1861    3 

Mus.   out  June  28,   1865. 

Brady,  Hugh,  

.Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  then  disch. 

Brady,  Isaac  V.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

22 

1861    3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks.     Retd.  to  Regt.  Sept. 

1862,     Killed  at  Wilderness,  May  6, 

1864. 

Brewer,  James  E-,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

21, 

1862 

3 

Wounded  in  charge  on  Marye's  Heights, 

May  3,  1863;  Prisoner  in  Libby  from 

Mar.  30  to  Apr.  2.   1865;  Disch.  by 

G.  O.  June  3,  1865. 

Brewer,  Daniel  B.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

2 

1862  i  3 

Mus.  out    special   order  June  20,  1865. 

Brewer,  Charles  M.,... 

.  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Disch.  June  1862,  for  disability. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


165 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTEK 
INTO  SERVICE. 

co 

C* 

<, 

W 

I 

W 
IH 

REMARKS. 

Brewer,  John  M.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862  and 

disch.  Reenlisted  in  105  P.  V.  and  was 

1st  Sergt.  Co.  F.  Wd.  and  disabled  at 

Hatcher's  Run,  1864. 

Brogan,  Samuel  

.  Private. 

Oct.      31,   1864 

1 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Brown,  John  D.,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Brown,  John  H.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.       2,  1862 

3 

Mus.  out  special  order  June  20,     1865. 

Wd.  at  Wilderness. 

Burton,  Joseph  N.,...  . 

.Private. 

July      16,   1863 

3 

Disch.  by  general  order  June  3,   1865. 

Taken   prisoner.       Wd.    at    Spottsyl- 

vania. 

Cameron,  John  C.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability. 

Campbell,  Eli  J.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Rap- 

- 

pahannock    Station,    Nov.    7,    1863. 

Received  other  wounds. 

Canton,  John  

.Private. 

Oct.      25,  1864 

1 

Died  at  City  Point,  Va.  Feb.  1,  1865. 

Cause,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

April     10,   1865 

3 

Deserted-date    unknown. 

Cessna,  Charles  W.,... 

.Private. 

Aug.      22,   1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Coy,  George,  

.Private. 

Mar.       3,  1864 

1 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865'. 

Craig,  Robert  A.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Died  near  Alexandria,  Va.  Nov.  1,  1861, 

and  body  sent  home. 

Craven,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability  in  1862.    Re-enlist 

ed  and  was  1st  Sergt.  Co.  A.  206  P.  V. 

Crawford,  A.  S.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1862 

3 

Discharged  for  disability  Jan.  1863.    Re- 

inlisted  in  205  P.  V.  and  served  until 

war  ended. 

Crawford,  James  L-.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Wd.    at    Fair    Oaks    and    disch.    Sub 

sequently  re-inlisted  in  205  P.  V.  'of 

which  he  became  Adjutant.  Mus.  out 

with  that  Regt. 

Cray  ton,  EHas  

.  Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute.  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Curts,  Geo.  A.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      21,   1862 

3 

Disch.    on    surgeon's    certificate     April 

20,  1865. 

Custer,  Peter  F.    . 

Private 

Feb.      18,  1864 

3 

Vlus.  out  June  28,   1865. 

Davis,  David  H.,  

.  Private. 

Sept.       4|  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  'Co.  F.  Nov.  1,  1864. 

Mus.  out  Jan.  28,  1865. 

Davis,  Marion  M.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,   1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  disch. 

Daymon,  Eben'r.  C.,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Died      near      Alexandria,     Va.,      April 

1863. 

Derby,  Wm.  S.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Mal- 

vern  Hill,  July,  1862. 

Dick,  Andrew  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps, 

Oct.  19,  1864  by  reason  of  wound  in 

leg  at  Spottsylvania. 

Dick,  John  N.,  

.Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Dickson,  R.obert,  

.Private. 

vSept.       2,  1862 

3 

Trans,  to  Co.  B,  becoming  Q.  M.  Dec. 

22,  1864. 

Dodson,  Joseph  S.,.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Sept.     10,  1862 

3 

Mus.    out    by    general    order   June    20, 

1865. 

Donahue,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  disch. 

Donahue,  Wm., 

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,   1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  died  on  the  field 

June  2,  1862. 

Duff,  George,  

.  Private. 

Oct..      12,  1864 

1 

Discharged  by  general  order  May  30, 

1865. 

Dunn,  Milton,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Died  Mar.  30,  1864,  buried  in  Arlington 

Cemetery,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Ellis,  Aseph  A.,.  ... 

Private. 

Aug.      22,   1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 

Ellis,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  July  12,  1864. 

166 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM—  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Ellis,  Orlando  A.,  Private.  Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks—  Prisoner  3  mo.  ;  Wd. 

at  Fredericksburg,  May  3,  1863;  Wd. 

at   Wilderness,    May   6,    1864,    losing 

arm.     Disch.  Feb.  9,  1865. 

Fairbanks,  R.  W.,  ....!.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861;  3 

Killed  July  12,  1864  at  Fort  Stevens  and 

buried  in  Arlington  Cemetery,  Wash 

ington,  D.  C. 

Fairbanks,  E.  W.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

22,  1861;  3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.     One 

of  five  brothers  all  in  the  service. 

Fries,  Hans,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

1,  1863 

3  ;Disch.  on  surgeon's  certificate,  May  4, 

1865. 

Gibson.  Samuel  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3  !Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Ginther,  George,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  jTrans.  from  Co.  H.  Captured  in  Wilder- 

ness,    May    6,    1864.     Never    heard 

from.     Veteran. 

Grim,  Isaac,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

15,  1865 

1   |Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Hart,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3  JDied  at  Alexandria,  Va.  June  11.  1864. 

Grave   in   National   Cemetery   there; 

is  number  2089. 

Harman,  Alexander,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22.  1861 

3 

Died   at   Philadelphia,    Pa.,      May   28, 

1864,  from  wd.  at  Wilderness. 

Harper,  John,  Private. 

Nov. 

26,  1862    3 

Wd.  at  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864. 

Hazlett   John                     Private 

Mar. 

3,  18651  2 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Helman,  Daniel,  Private.  Feb. 

2,  1864!  3 

Trans,  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  Dec. 

1,   1864.     Wd.  in  thigh  at  Spottsyl- 

vania. 

Helman,  Jacob  K.,  Private.  Feb. 

2,  1864 

3 

Disch.  by  general  order  June  5,   1865. 

Wd.  in  Wilderness. 

Harbison,  John,  i  .  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.   at  Spottsylvania  and  then  disch. 

Hewett,  Wm  .H.,  .  Private. 

April 

4,   1864 

3    Mus.  out.  June  28,  1865. 

Hill,  John  H.,  

.  Private. 

April 

10,  1864    3 

Deserted  July   11,   1864. 

Hill,  John  I.,  

.  Private. 

Nov. 

14,  1864 

3 

Deserted. 

Hone,  J.,  

.  Private. 

3    Died  at  Portsmouth,  Va.  June  10,  1862, 

Hoover,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3    Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Wd.atWilder- 

ness. 

Horn,  Perry  E.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,   1861 

3 

Mus.   out  Sept.   7,    1864.     Wd.   in  the 

Wilderness.        Afterward      was     2d. 

Lt.  Co.  B.  74  P.  V. 

Horton,  John,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

24,   1864 

1 

Mus.   out  June  28,   1865. 

Howe,  Alexander,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,   1864 

3 

Mus  out  June  28,  1865.     Wd.  at  Wilder 

ness. 

Huckle,  Frederick,  

.  Private. 

July. 

8,  1863 

3 

Drafted;   discharged  on  surgeon's  cer 

tificate  May  13,  1863. 

Jamison,  James  T.,..  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3 

Missing  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.  May  12, 

1864;  never  heard  from. 

Jamison.  Robert,  

.  Private! 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Died  near  Alexandria,  Va.  Jan.  10,  1862. 

Johnson,  John  C.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,   1864 

3 

Wd.   at   Spottsylvania   May    10,    1864, 

piece   of   a   shell   carrying   away   left 

ear  part  of  cheek  and  most  of  teeth. 

He  showed  extraordinary  courage  and 

vitality  while  suffering  in  the  field  and 

in  the  hospital.     Afterward  flesh  taken 

from  his  arm  was  made  to  grow  over 

his  cheek  covering  the  bones  exposed 

by  the  wound.     He  is  still  living. 

Johnson,  William  

.  Private 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  from  hospital. 

Justice.  Peter  S  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22    1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Spottsylvania,  May  12,  1864  and 

discharged. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


167 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  j| 

REMARKS. 

Kaufman,  John  L.,...  . 

.Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Died  at  City  Point,  Va.  April  29,  1865. 

Keel,  John  R  

.  Private. 

Aug.     21,  1862 

3 

Disch.  on  surgeon's  certificate  May  30, 

1865. 

Kinter,  Thos.  Wilson.. 

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  never  found  or  heard 

from.     Probably  killed  on  field  after 

first  wound  as  battle  raged  over  place 

where    he    fell. 

Kurtz,  Geo.  A  

.  Private. 

Aug.      21,  1862 

3 

Wd.  severely  in  leg  at  Wilderness  and 

disch.  on  surgeon's  certificate. 

Lemon,  Nathan  W.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb.      23,   1864 

3 

Died  Mar.  8,  1864.     Buried  at  Peters 

burg,   Va. 

Lemon,  Thomas  A.  ... 

.  Private. 

Aug.        2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  in  foot  at  Seven  Pines,  June  27, 

1862  ;  taken  prisoner  at  Savage  Station 

Va.    and    paroled.     Wd.    at    Spotts- 

sylvania,  May  10  and  12,  1864,  dying 

from  latter  at  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Lippincott,  Wm  

.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Trans,  from  Co.  D.  Mus.  out  June  28, 

1865.     Veteran. 

Lockard,  Josiah    

.  Private. 

Feb.      23,  1864 

3 

Missing  at  Spottslyvania,  May  12,1864. 

Loughrey,  Daniel  

.  Private. 

Feb.      15,  1865 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Lutz,  Geo.  K  

.  Private. 

Aug.     21,  1861 

3 

Promoted     to     Quarter-Master     Sergt. 

Sept.  4,  1864. 

Lynch,  James  

.  Private. 

Aug.     21,  1861 

3 

Absent  in  arrest  at  Mus.  out  Veteran. 

Lydick,  Frank  L  

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Taken  prisoner  at  Banks  Ford  May  4, 

1863.     Paroled.  Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864 

Lydick,  Irwin  

.Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Disch.  by  general  order  May  22,  1865. 

Wd.  in  leg  at  Spottsylvania.  and  at 

Petersburg, 

McCoy,  Samuel  W.,... 

.Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

McCullough,  David,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability  Aug.  1862. 

McCullough,  John,...  . 

.Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Disch.  by  general  order  June  9,  1865  by 

reason  of  disability. 

McDonald,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Deserted  July  30,   1864.     Says  he  did 

not  desert. 

McGinty,  Wm.  C.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability. 

McKay,  David  E-,  

.  Private. 

July      17,  1863 

3 

Drafted-deserted  July  24,    1864. 

McManus,  Samuel,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Died  at  Alexandria,  Va.  June  I,   1864, 

(Grave  No.  1987),  from  wds.  received 

at  the  Wilderness. 

McPherson,  Joseph,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept.     10,  1862 

3 

Discharged   by   special   order   June   20, 

1865.     Wd.  at  Spottsylvania  and  at 

Cedar  Creek,  being  disabled. 

McQuown,  A.  B.,. 

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861! 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

McQuown,  W.  L.,  .  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug.      22,  1861 

3 

Disch.   for  disabilities  June,    1862, 

Mangus,  Jacob,  

.Private. 

Sept.     2,     1864 

1 

Drafted;  disch.  bv  general  order  June 

20,  1865. 

Merus,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept.       1,  1862 

3 

Deserted  Feb.  25,  1865. 

Miller.,  Amos  A.,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      21,  1864 

3 

Wd.   at  Wilderness,   in   arm. 

Mock,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Feb.      25,  1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Moore,  Alexander,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Wd.   at   Fort  Stevens,   July   12,    1864; 

foot  amputated;  died  and  body  sent 

home  and  buried  at  Gilgal,  Indiana  Co 

Pa., 

Moot,  Martin,  

.  Private. 

Aug.     21,  1862 

3 

On   May   12,    1864,   at     Bloody  Angle 

Spottsylvania,  he  volunteered  to  help 

serve  a  battery  whose  gunners  had  all 

been  killed  or  wd.  and  was  himself 

killed. 

168 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Moore,  Thomas  M.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861 

2    Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  at  Fair 

Oaks;  retd.  to  Regt.  July  30,  1862. 

Mott   Geo   B 

.  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861     3   'Wd.  Fair  Oaks.  Mav  31.  1Sfi2-  kilW  at 

Fredericksburg,  May  3,   1863. 

Myers,  Samu  1  L.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Oct. 

26, 

1864    1    Substitute;  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Neil   James                        Private  Miay 

17, 

1864    3    Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Neil,  James  S-,  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Wd.   May  3,    1863;  trans,   to  Veteran 

Reserve  Corps. 

Neil,  Benjamin,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Neff,  Abram  P.,  .  Private.  'Aug. 

22, 

1861    3    Disch.  for  disabilities  June,  1862. 

North,  N.  S.,  Private.  Aug. 

21, 

1862    3    Wd.    at   Fredericksburg,   May   3,    1863 

taken  prisoner  same  day  and  escaped 

the  next.    Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Palmer,  Daniel,  Private. 

Feb. 

15, 

18651   1 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Patterson,  Frank  M.,.    .Private.  July 

14, 

1863    3 

Substitute;  promoted  to  Sergt.  Co.  G. 

Nov.   1,   1864.     Mus.   out.  June  28, 

1865. 

Pierce,  James  T.,  \  .  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Wd.  in  knee  by  accident  and  discharged 

1862. 

Pollock,  Hugh  S.,  Private. 

Aug. 

22 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

Postlewait,  Thos.  J.,..  .  Private.  Aug. 

2l', 

1862 

3 

Discharged  by  special  order    June    20, 

1 

1865. 

Price,  David,  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Died  at   Point  Lookout,  Md.   August, 

1862. 

Replogle,  Daniel  

.  Private. 

Jan 

25, 

1864    3 

Died  Nov.  1864. 

Riddle,  David  P.,  .  Private.  Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862,  and 

died  from  effects  in  hospital. 

Robb,  James,  Private.  Sept. 

9, 

1861 

3 

Prisoner  from  May  6,  1864,  to  Feb.  26 

1865.     Mus.  out  Mar.  3,  1865. 

Rodgers,  Thomas,  .  .  .  .  .  Private. 

Sept. 

1, 

1862 

3 

Disch.  by  general  order,  May  15,  1865. 

Row,  John  M  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864;  Trans,  to  Co.  B 

and  promoted  to  Sergt. 

Sample,  Woodman,  .  .  . 

Private.  . 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865,  as  Veteran. 

Short,  James  C.  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     In  all  battles 

and  never  wounded. 

Short,  John  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861    3 

Killed  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Smith,  Edward,  

.  Private. 

April 

7, 

1864!  3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Smith,  James  S.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Discharged  1862  on  the  Peninsula. 

Smith,  Wm.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Wd.   May  6,    1864  at  Wilderness  and 

disch.  ;     Veteran. 

Stahl,  Jonathan, 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

3, 

1864 

3 

Wd.  Wilderness  May  5,  1864. 

Stahl,  Wm.  B.. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25 

1864 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Stanley,  Wm.  H.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22, 

1861 

3 

Mus.  out   Sept.  7,  1864.    Wd.  at   Fort 

Stevens;   served  as   Volunteer   Color 

Guard  after  May  12,  1864. 

Stewart,  John  A.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21, 

1862 

3 

Wd.    May   4,    1863,    Banks    Ford    and 

prisoner.     Was  one  of  five  from  Co. 

A.  who  volunteered  at  Bloody  Angle 

Spottsylvania  May  12,  1864,  to  man 

a  battery,   receiving  in  that  service 

five  wounds,  one  causing  loss  of  arm 

and  another  disabling  hand  of  other 

arm;  disch.  March  16,  1865. 

Shaffer,  Wm, 

.  Private. 

Aujr 

22 

1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  died  of  typhoid  fever 

£&U£« 

•***! 

Nov.  1863,  buried  at  Culpepper,  C.  H. 

Va. 

Stoy,  Peter,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

4, 

1864    3 

Wd.  Oct.  19,  1864  at  Cedar  Creek. 

Stuchel,  Christopher  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

24, 

1861  !  3 

Disch.  Aug.  62,  having  become  blind. 

PENNSYL  VAN  I  A     VO  LUN  TERRS 


169 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Stuchel,  Jackson.  S.,..  . 
Swartswalter,  Samuel. 

.Private.  Aug. 
.  Private.  July 

22,  1861 
13,  1863 

3 

3 

Killed  at  Fredericksburg,  May  3,  1863. 
Wd.  at  Spottsylvania,  and  Petersburg, 

Mar.  27,   1865.     Mus.  out  June  28, 

1865. 

Sweringer,  Bazil,  

.  Private.  July 

10  ,1863 

2 

Drafted;  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Sylvis,  Henry  

.  Private.  Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Killed    Fredericksburg,    May    3,    1863; 

lived  a  few  minutes  and  ordered  his 

watch  sent  to  his  father. 

Thomas,  John  P.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     He  was  detailed 

and  worked  in  regimental  hospital. 

Titterington,  Aaron.  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3 

Son    of    John;    was    taken    from    Cold 

Harbor   in    ambulance,    with    permit 

for  City  Point,  being  sick,  but  was 

never  heard  from. 

Titterington,  John  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3 

Taken    prisoner    at    Wilderness;    May 

6,  1864.    Health  and  mind  impaired  at 

Andersonville     by     starvation.      He 

had  previously  served  in   135  P.  V. 

Torrens,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

1,  1864 

3 

Mus.    out    by    special    order   June    20, 

1865. 

Tozer,  Thomas,.  ...... 

.Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability  in  fall  of  1861. 

Tresler,  Urias,  .... 

.Private. 

Oct. 

24,  1864 

1 

Substitute,  absent  sick  at  Mus.  out 

Walker,  Alexander,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.   at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862  and 

disch.  for  disability. 

Walker,  Johnston  .... 

.Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  by  accident  Aug.  28,  1863.     Died 

at   Division  hospital  May  31,    1864. 

Webster,  John,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

24,  1861 

3 

Took  leave  of  absence,  Dec.  1862,  and 

never  returned. 

Work,  James  T.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

Work,  John  A.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Williamsport,  Md.,  Sept.  20 

1862. 

Work,  John  Calvin...  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania,  May  12,  1864— 

while    one    of    five    volunteers    from 

Co.    A.    he    was   helping    to   man   a 

battery  at  Bloody  Angle  Spottsylvania 

May,  12,  1864. 

Work,  John  Harvey.  .  . 

.  Private. 

.Aug 

.   22,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  and 

retd.    to    Regt.   July   30,  1862.    Wd. 

at  Fort  Stevens.   Mus.  out  Sept.  7, 

1864. 

Work,  R.  N.,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

25,  1864 

3 

Killed  at  Wilderness  May  5,  1864. 

Weaver,  George  F  

.Private. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd  in  hand  at  Spottsylvania,  and  disch. 

for  disability. 

Wissinger,  Samuel,.  .  .  . 

.  Private, 

Aug. 

22    1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

Wissinger,  William,  .  .  . 

.  Private, 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Wd.   at   Malvern   Hill,   and   disch.   for 

disability. 

Weaver,  Simon  P.,.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Wigle   Simon  B. 

.Private. 

July 

16,  1663 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Note.— 

Co.  A.  had  22  sets  of  brothers  as  follows: — 

1.  Brady,  Lemuel  and  Isaac  V. 

2.  Brewer,  T.  H.  and  A.  T. 

3.  Brewer,  John  M.  and  D.  B. 

4.  Brewer,  Charles  M.  and  J.  E. 

5.  Ch  mbers,  James  M.  and  Zachariah 

6.  Fairbanks,  Richard  W.  and  Elijah  W. 

7.  Helman,  Jacob,  Isaac  and  Daniel,  3  brothers 


both  killed 


both  killed 


170 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


8.  Lemon,  Thomas  A.  and  Nathan 

9.  Moor,  Alexander  and  Thomas 

10.  Mott,  George  B.  and  William  H. 

11.  McQuown,  Archibald  and  William  J. 

12.  Short,  James  C.  and  John 

13.  Stuchel,  Jackson  and  Christopher 

14.  Stewart,  John  A.    nd  H.  V. 

15.  Tozer,  Thomas  and  Nathaniel 

16.  Keel,  John  A.  and  Peter. 

17.  Ellis,  John  and  A.  A. 

18.  Wissinger,  Samuel  and  William 

19.  Weaver,  Simon  and  George 

20.  Price,  David  and  Isaac  N. 

21.  Work,  John  A.  and  James  T. 

22.  Crawford,  Alexander  and  James  L. 


one  killed 
one  killed 
one  killed 
one  killed 
one  killed 
one  killed 
one  killed 


one  killed 


one  killed 
one  killed 


Fourteen  of  these  brothers  were  killed  including  two  pairs,  the  Bradys,  and  Ellises. 


COMPANY  B. 
RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  CITY. 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Lewis  Redenback  .  Capt...  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  8,  1864,  of 

wounds     received     at     Charlestown, 

Va.,  Aug.  21,  1864. 

Casper  Kauffman  .  Capt...  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Nov. 

1st,  1864—  to  1st.  Lt.  Dec.  18,  '64—  to 

Capt.,   Jan.   6,    1865  —  mustered     out 

with  Company,  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

WTilliam  Scott  

.1st.  Lt..  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Eugene  C.  Koerner.  .  . 

.1st.  Lt.JAug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  and  missing,  May  6,  1864. 

Robert  Kennedy  

.1st.  Lt.JAug. 

1,  1861!  3 

Pr.  fr.  1st.  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Dec.  22,  1864 

—to  1st.  Lt.,  Jan.  6,  1865  —  mus.  out 

with   Co.,  June  28,   1865.  —  Vet. 

John  H.  Brown  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Dismissed  Feb.  22,   1863. 

Philip  Voelp,  

.2d.  Lt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  —  date  unknown. 

William  Laughlin,  .... 

.2d.Lt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Sgt.  to  2d    Lt.,  March 

22,  1864—  killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  D. 

C.,  July  12,  1864. 

Frederick  Cackins,.  .  .  . 

.2d.  Lt... 

Aug. 

1,     861 

3 

Promoted    from    Sergeant    to    2d.    Lt., 

Mar.  5,  1865  —  mus.  out  with  company 

June  28,   1865—  Vet. 

Wm.  Brorrman,  

IstSrg't. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Pr.  from  Cor.  to  1st.  Sgt.  Jan.  6,  1865— 

pris.  June  30,    1864  —  mus.   out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

James  R.  Holmes,.  .  .  . 

.Serg't.. 

Feb. 

10,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

J.  H.  C.  Poorman,  .... 

.Serg't.  . 

Feb. 

10,  1864   3 

Absent  on  furlough,  at  muster  out.  Vet. 

William  G.  Conn,  

.  Serg't  .  .  July 

14,  1863    3    Drafted—  pr.  to  Cor.,  Jan.  23,  1865—  to 

Sgt.  June  8,  1865  mus  out  with  Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

John  Brown,  

.Serg't.  . 

Aug. 

15,  1863 

3 

Substitute—  pr.  to  Cor.,  Feb.  1,  1865— 

to  Sgt.,  June  8,  1865—  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Joseph  Hough,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded   at   Chancellorsville,    May   3, 

1863  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

John  Bulge,  

.  Serg't.  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  and  missing  in  action,  May  18, 

1864. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


171 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

John  W.  Row  

.Serg't.-. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

Hugh  Crurnmcy 

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted   to   Cor.  —  to   Sgt.,    Mar.    22, 

•*•  iL*&. 

1864—  wounded     May     18,      1864— 

absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Henry  Schmerker,  .... 

.Serg't.. 

Feb. 

29,  1864 

3 

Killed  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.,  Sept.  22, 

1864. 

John  C.  Myers,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not   on    muster-out   roll. 

Newton  H.  Phillips,..  . 

.  .Corp..  . 

July 

13,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  promoted   to    Corporal,    Feb. 

1,  1865  —  mustered  out  with  company. 

June  28,    1865. 

Chas.  Matzenbacker,.- 

..Corp... 

Jan. 

20,  1864 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  April  1,  1865  — 

mustered   out   with   Company,   June 

28,  1865. 

Joseph  Klemm,  

..Corp... 

Jan. 

30,  1864 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  June  8,   1865— 

mustered   out   with    Company,   June 

28,    1865—  Vet. 

Harvey  B.  Jones,  

..Corp... 

July 

10,  1863    3 

Drafted  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  June  8, 

1865  —  mustered   out   with   company, 

June  28,  1865. 

George  Schultz,  

..Corp... 

Jan. 

30,  1864 

3 

Prisoner  from  June  30,    1864,   to  Feb. 

28,  1865  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  June 

8,  1865  —  mustered  out  with  company, 

June  28,  1865.—  Vet. 

George  Schnaufer,  .... 

..Corp... 

Jan. 

30,  1864 

3 

Prisoner  from  June  30,  1864,  to  Feb.  28, 

28,     1865  —  promoted     to     Corporal, 

June    8,    1865  —  mustered    out    with 

Company,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

David  Miller,  

..Corp... 

July. 

21,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  June  8, 

1865  —  mustered   out  with   company, 

June  28,  1865. 

Joseph  Murray,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  and  prisoner  at  Wilderness, 

Va.,  May  6,  1864  —  absent  at  expira 

tion   of   term. 

James  C.  Plummer,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,  1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term 

Samuel  A.  Leslie,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

William  Fulton,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

18,  1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term 

Cyrus  Staley 

.Corp.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,   Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

.         V^WA   JJ.         . 

**•"•&  • 

tion   of   term. 

John  Kruling 

.Corp.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Feb.  14,  1865. 

Wm.  H.  Stephens,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

13,  1863 

3 

Substitute—  tr.     to    Vet.     Res.     Corps, 

March    14,    1865. 

Jacob  Wentz,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Washington,    D.   C.,   Oct.   30, 

1864—  Vet. 

Matthew  Shaw,  

.  .Corp..  . 

Nov. 

26,  1861 

3 

Died  May  8,  1864,  of  wounds  received 

at  Wilderness,  Va.,  May  6,  1864. 

Anthony  Treps,  

.Corp.... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

William  F.  Rawie,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Edw'd.  Shumacker,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Leopold  Betz,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

John  Wambach,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster  out-roll. 

Charles  Little,  

Musician 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

172 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANfc 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Charles  O.  Luty  

Adam  Showers,  
Ames,  William  
Baker,  Jacob  S.,  

Musician 

Musician 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Nov. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
July 

Aug. 
July 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Oct. 
July 
July 
July 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

15,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 
14,  1863 

14,  1863 
10,  1863 
20,  1863 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
31,  1861 
14,  1863 
14,  1863 
14,  1863 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

Mustered   out   Nov.    14,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Not    on    muster-out    roll. 
Not   on   muster-out   roll. 
Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 
28,  1865. 
Substitute—  wd.    June    6,  1864—  ab.    at 
mus.  out. 
Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 
28,  1865. 
Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 
June  28,  1865. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 
of  term. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Wounded  at  Wilderness,   Va.,   May  6, 
1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Mustered   out,   Oct.   31,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Drafted  —  deserted  —  returned  —  disch. 
by  General  Order,  May  9,  1865. 
Drafted  —  tr.    to    Vet.    Reserve    Corps, 
Sept.  20,  1864. 
Drafted—  transferred    to    Co.    F.    Nov. 
27,  1864. 
Died  at  Andersonville,   Ga.,   Sept.   24, 
1864. 
Not    on    muster-out    roll. 
Died    at     Philadelphia,    Pa.,    June    9, 
1862. 
Mot    on    muster-out    roll. 
Mot  on  muster-out  roll. 
Mot    on    muster-out    roll. 
Died  May  16,  1864—  buried  in  National 
Cemetery,   Arlington,   Va., 
Drafted  —  deserted  —  returned  —  must  . 
out  with  company,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with    company,  June  28, 
1865.—  Vet. 
Drafted  —  mustered  out  with    Co.,  June 
28,  1865. 
Clustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865.—  Vet. 
Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  24, 
1865. 
Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 
of  term. 
Mustered   out,    Oct.    31,  1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Drafted  —  disch.     on    Surg.    certificate, 
April  15,  1865. 

Bell,  John  
Becker,  Henry  C.,  .  .  .  . 
Bowman,  William,..  .  . 
Baker,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Bougher,  Peter,  
Banford,  John  E.,  
Black  George, 

Black,  Jacob,.. 

Brasher,  Napo'n  R.,... 
Bodd,  Adam,  
Bristell,  George  W.,.  .  . 
Bightley,  David,  
Boreland,  Geo.  W.,  .  .  . 
Burkhardt,  Jacob,  .... 

Barr,  Robert  B.,  
Bartch,  Christopher,  .  . 

Bentz  Jacob 

Brink,  Andrew,  
Blackley,  Hugh,  
Banks,  W.,  

Cockran  Geo  D 

July. 
Feb. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
Oct. 
July 

14,  1863 
10,  1864 
14,  1863 
1,  1861 
14,  1863 
1,  1861 
31,  1862 
14,  1863 

Costlow,  Jeremiah,.  .  .  , 
Creeks,  John  T.,  
Cash,  John  
Clawson  John 

Christen,  Ulrich,  
Cooper,  Andrew,  
Campbell,  John  M.,.  .  . 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


173 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Delker,  Christian  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

31, 

1861 

3    Deserted  —  returned  —  mustered  out  with 

company,  June  28,   1865. 

Drisdoll,  Jeremiah,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

30, 

1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Dalzell,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Denny,  John  R.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Deitrick,  Geo.  F.,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred  to  Veteran  Reserv 

Corps,    September  18,  1864. 

Dickson,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

2, 

1862 

3    Promoted  to  Q.  M.  Sgt.  December  22, 

1864. 

Emerick,  William  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Fate,  Philip,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

31, 

1861 

3    Captured  May  21,  1864—  absent  at  mus 

ter  out. 

Faber,  Frederick,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7, 

1864 

3    Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Nov.  25,  1864. 

Fry,  Benjamin,  F.,.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

July 

16, 

1863 

3    Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  16, 

1865. 

Ferrang,  Peter,.  ...... 

.  Private. 

July. 

20, 

1863 

3    Substitute—  dischargee  by  G.  O.,  June  16 

1865. 

Faber,  Christian  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Foerst,  Alphonso,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Francis,  Joh'n  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  iNot    on    muster-out    roll. 

Gunn,  George,  

.Private. 

July 

28, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Green,  James,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27, 

1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,   1865. 

Gaul,  Beneventura,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July. 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  9, 

1865. 

Goldstein,  Louis,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

George,  Abijah,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

George  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  |Died  March  10,  1862—  buried  in  Mili- 

tary  Asylum  Cemetery,  D.  C., 

Hill,  John  

.  Private. 

Nov. 

5, 

1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Holsinger,  Daniel  

.  Private. 

July 

10, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Hillman,  Arthur,  

.  Private. 

July 

20, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,  on  furlough,  at  muster 

out. 

Hart,  Leopold,  

.  Private. 

July 

10, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  prisoner  from  May  6,  1864,  to 

Feb.    8,     1865—  mustered    out    with 

Company,  June  28,  1865. 

Hartman,  Leonard,  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Oct. 

31, 

1861 

3    Absent,  in  arrest  at  muster  out. 

Hutchinson,  Thos,  '  .  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

0 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Hillman,  William,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16, 

1865 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with    Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Hulbert,  Dwight  H.,  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

g 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Hanchy,  Arnold,  

.Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  'Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Hayne,  Andrew,.               Private  Aug. 

1861  1  3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hays,  George  W.,  !  .  Private.  Aug. 

1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hamilton,  Henry,  Private. 

Aug. 

f 

1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hickey,  Robinson,  Private. 

Aug. 

f 

1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hay,  James  M.,  Private. 

Aug. 

' 

1861 

3    Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

174 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Hurley,  William  

.  Private. 

July 

22, 

1863 

3 

Drafted     discharged    on    Surg.    certifi 

cate,   Feb.    10,    1865. 

Hoffman,  Alphonso,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  S.  O.,  June  0, 

1865. 

Jacob,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Jones,  James,  

.  Private.  ;Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Jenkins,  Kdward,  

Private 

Deserted  March  6,   1865. 

Kemm,  Conrad  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Deserted  —  returned  —  mustered  out  with 

company,  June  28,  1865. 

Kelsch,  Joseph  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered     out     with     company,    June 

28,    1865—  Vet. 

Kreps,  Christopher,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Kimble,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Wilderness,  May  6,   1864 

—  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Kelley,  Hiram,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Wounded     at     Chancellorsville,      May 

3,  1863  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Kuntzler,  George  

.  Private. 

July 

9, 

1863 

3 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  May  26, 

1865. 

Klim,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Kimble,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  jNot    on    muster-out    roll. 

Lane,  James  H.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

14, 

1865 

1   !  Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Lape,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Lanning,  Peter,  

.Private. 

Oct. 

26, 

1864 

1    Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

. 

June  28,   1865. 

Logan,  John  

.Private.  July 

13, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Leddy,  Andrew,  

.  Private.  July 

13, 

1863 

3  I  Drafted—  died  May  8,  1864,  of  wounds 

received  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

Large,  Zenas,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll 

Logan,  Baxter,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Luchy,  Charles,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Myers,  John  

.  Private.  July 

14, 

1863 

3    Drafted—  wounded  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Myers,  Abraham,  

.  Private.  July 

14, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  deserted  —  returned  —  must. 

out  with  company,  June  28,  1865. 

Marker,  Jacob,  

.Private.  Oct. 

25, 

1864 

1    Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Morrow,  Robert,  

.  Private.  Jan. 

4, 

1864 

3    Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Montgomery,  John...  . 

.  Private.  Oct. 

31, 

1861 

3    Deserted  —  returned  —  mustered     with 

Company,  June  28,   1865. 

Miller,  John.. 

Private   A  HP- 

1, 

1861 

3    Mnc;     rmt.     DPP     14.    18(>4  —  exniration 

of   term. 

Munaw,  George  R.,..  . 

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  disch.  on  Surg,  cert.  Nov.  7, 

1864. 

Miller,  John  H.,  

.Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  disch.  on  surg.  cert.,  Apr.  14 

1865. 

Murray,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

12, 

1863 

3 

Sub.—  disch.    Surg.  cert.  May  15,  1865. 

Maier,  Callus,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged    by    S.    O.,    June 

9,    1865. 

Masters,  Isaac,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.,  Nov. 

4,    1864. 

Millthalcr,  Charles,  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mot    on    muster-out    roll. 

Meyers,  Conrad 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  iNot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Meinhard,  Conrad,...  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


175 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

M'Kinnelly,  J.  W.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

10,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

M'Caw,  James,  

.  Private. 

July 

23,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

M'Crea,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

9,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  disch.     on    Surg.    certificate, 

Dec.  26,  1864. 

M'Curdy,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Nagle,  Jacob.,  

.  Private. 

July 

15,  1863 

3 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  August 

14,  1865. 

Nelson,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Nenyah,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

O'Brien,  James,  l  .  Private. 

Jan. 

30,  1865 

1 

Deserted  March  18,   1865. 

Prophater,  John  T.,... 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

31,  1861 

3 

Disch    on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Jan.  15 

1865—  Vet. 

Platt,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Pinther,  Frederick,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Died  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  June  13,  1864 

grave  2,015. 

Riley,  Hamilton  T.,... 

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted—  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Ray,  Samuel,  

.  Private. 

July 

10,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Ruege,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    at    Spottsylvania,    May    10, 

1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Ross,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Riesner,  Christian,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  February  11,  1864—  buried  in  Mili 

tary  Asylum  Cemetery,  D.  C.,  —  Vet. 

Rushenberger,  H.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Sullivan,  Bernard,  .... 

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted—  captured  August,  21,   1864— 

ab.  at  mus.  out. 

Schibler,  Benj.  F.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

15,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Smith,  James,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

8,  1863 

3 

Drafted—  captured  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,  1864.     Absent  at  muster  out. 

Sarena,  Noah, 

.  Private. 

Tulv 

14,  1863 

3    rDraffrpH  —  rrmstprpH    nut   with    Co..    Tune 

j  ui.y 

28,  1865. 

Swaner,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Steel,  John  Private.  July 

30,  1863 

3 

Drafted—  absent,    sick,    at    muster-out. 

Stephens,  Kinsley,  .....  Private.  July 

30,  1863    3 

Substitute—  transferred  to  Co.  F.,  Nov. 

27,  1864. 

Schroder,  O.  H.  P.,  .  .  .   .  Private. 

July 

14,  1863    3 

Drafted  —  died  Aug.  1,  1864,  of  wounds 

received  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864*  — 

buried  in  National  Cemetery,  Arling 

ton,     Virginia, 

Storrner,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

July 

13,  1863i  3 

Drafted—  deserted    August    6,    1864. 

Salter,  Joseph,  
Smith,  James  M.,  
Shaw,  Matthew,  

.  Private.  Aug. 
.Private.!  Aug. 
.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861    3 
1,  1861;  3 
1,  1861    3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Schroder,  George,.         i   Private 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3  1  Muster  ed  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Straub,  William  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Shiebel,  Charles  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Schultz,  John  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Steiglein,  John  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Sleiglitz,  Valentine,  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861i  3  !  Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Shannon,  Henry,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Spauggy,  Daniel,  .  Private.  Sept. 

26,   1864    1   :Sub.—  drow'd  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va  , 

May  15,  1865. 

176 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Taylor,  Andrew  D.,..  . 

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  July  15, 

1865. 

Taylor,  George,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Thorpe,  Abner,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Thompson,  Alex  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

18, 

1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Oct.    18,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Tompkins,  Wm.  B.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered    out,    Sept.  7,   1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

True,  Klias,. 

Private. 

Au0" 

lf 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Vogetty,  Andrew  

.  Private. 

July 

13! 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred  to  Co.,   F.,   Nov. 

27,  1864. 

Walters,  Baltzer,  

.  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Wochele,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

5, 

1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Werner,  Andrew,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered    out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Walters,  George,  

.  Private. 

Jan. 

28, 

1862 

3 

Mustered  but  Jan.  28,  1865  —  expiration 

of   term. 

Werner,  Anglebert,    .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

22 

1862 

3 

Transferred    to    Vet.     Reserve    Corps, 

Oct.  24,   1864. 

Wallace,  Hugh,  

.  Private. 

July 

10, 

1863 

3 

Drafted—  killed  at  Wilderness,  May  6, 

1864. 

Walker,  George,  R.,..  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Killed  at  Wilderness. 

Waldmeyer,  Wm.,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Died  October  7,1864  —  buried  in  National 

Cemetery,    Arlington,    Virginia  —  Vet. 

Zeig,  George,  

.Private. 

Jan. 

28, 

1862 

3 

Mustered  out,  Jan.  28,  1865  —  expiration 

of    term. 

COMPANY  C. 
RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  COUNTY. 


NAME. 


RANK. 


DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


George  W.  Dawson,. 
W.  O.  H.  Robinson,. 


Chas.  S.  Greene, 

John  W.  M'Clay, . . 


.Capt.. .  Aug. 
.Capt...  Aug. 


1,  1861    3 
1,  1861:  3 


.Capt..J Aug.      21,  1861!  3 

I 
.Capt...  Sept.       1,  1861    3 


Promoted  to  Major,  Dec.  1,  1862. 

Pr.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Oct.  31,  1861— res.  Jan.  6, 
1862— re-corn.  Sept.  29,  1862— pr. 
to  1st.  Lt.,  Jan.  28,  1863— to  Capt., 
Mar.  20,  1863— killed  at  Wilderness, 
May  6,  1864. 

Transferred  fr.  Co.  I.— pr.  to  Lt.  Co.l, 
May  15.  1865. 

Promoted  fr.  1st.  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Oct.  10, 
1864— to  1st.  Lt.,  Dec.  28,  1864.  to 
Capt.  May  14,  1865 — mus.  out  with 
company,  June  28,  1865— Vet. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


177 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  I 

REMARKS. 

George  Dil  worth,  
WilliamS.  Gold,  

.  1st.  Lt. 
.  1st.  Lt. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1,  1861 
1,  186f 

3 
3 

Discharged  April  30,  1862. 
Promoted  from  1st.  Sgt.  ti  1st.  Lt.,  Apr. 

30,   1862,  commissioned  Capt.,   Dec. 

1,    1862—  Mustered      out—  Sept.     7, 

1864  —  expiration  of   term. 

H.  0.  C.  Oehmler,  .... 

.1st.  Lt. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Jan. 

28,  1863—  to  1st.  Lt.,  Sept.  12,  1863— 

com.  Capt.,  May  9,  1864  —  not  mus. 

mus.  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Chas.  F.  Kennedy,.  .  .  . 

.1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Promoted   from   Quarter-master   Sergt. 

to  1st.  Lt.,  Oct.  1,  1864  —  to  Q.  M., 

Dec.  18,  1864—  Vet. 

William  Gray,    

.1st.  Lt.. 

Auer 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Sergeant  to  2d  Lt. 

*  XL4-fe  . 

Jan.  5,  1865—  to  1st  Lt.  May  14,  1865 

—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865  — 

Vet. 

Charles  H.  Rhodes,  .  .  . 

2d.  Lt.  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  private  Co.  E.  to  2d.  Lt., 

Jan.  23,  1862—  died  July  25,  1862,  of 

wds.  rec.  in  action. 

Jas.  W.  Prophater,.... 

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,.  1861 

3 

promoted  from  1st.  Serg't.  to  2d.  Lieut., 

Sept.  12,  1863—  died  Aug.  31,  1864,  of 

wds.  rec.  in  action. 

Cyrus  Adsit,  

2d.  Lt      Aiitr. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Serg't.  to  2d.  Lieut. 

May   18,    1865  —  mus.   out  with  Co., 

June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

William  M'Neight.... 

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Sergent  to  1st.  Serg't, 

May   12,   1865  —  mus.   out  with  Co., 

June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

Hugh  M'Laren,  

1st.  Sgt. 

Sept. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.  May 

12,  1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

William  Alker,  

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Corporal  to  Serg't.  Nov. 

29,  1864  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Henry  P.  Banks,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Corporal  to  Serg't,  Jan. 

5,  1865  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Joseph  Taylor,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

3 

Promoted  from  Corporal  to  Serg't,  May 

18,  1865,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet.  i 

Milton  Mathews,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Corporal  to  Serg't.  June 

18,  1865  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865  —  Vet.  Awarded  Medal  for  brav 

ery  —  Petersburg,  April.  2,  1865.Capt. 

colors  of  the  7th  Tenn.  Rebel  Reg't. 

Edward  Craney,  

.Sergt'.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration  oj 

term. 

John  Thompson,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Disch.  June  13,  1865,  for  wds.  rec.  in 

action.     Vet. 

Francis  McBlfresh,.  .  .  . 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Sfot  on  muster  —  out  roll. 

Jsoeph  P.  Orr,. 

.  Serg't 

Ausr 

1,  1861 

3 

^"ot  on  muster  —  out  roll. 

John  Borman,  

Corp.. 

t^U£« 

Spet. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Sept.  22,  1864 

—  absent  at  muster  out  —  Vet. 

Sylvester  Orris,.   . 

Corn 

Feb. 

17,  1864 

3 

3romoted  at  Corporal,  Nov.  29,  1864  — 

mus.    out    with    company,    June  28, 

1865. 

Anthony  Weimer,  

..Corp... 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Nov.  9,  1864— 

mus.  out  with  company,  June  28,  1865 

—Vet. 

178 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO   SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Theodore  Mitchell,...  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1681 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Apr.  15,  1865  — 

mustered   out   with    Company,   June 

28,    1865—  Vet.   Awarded   Medal   for 

bravery  at  Petersburg  —  Apr.  2,  1865. 

Capt.  flag  of  the  Tenn.  brigade. 

Joseph  Fisher,  

Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Jan.  5,  1865  —  wd. 

Apr.  2,  1865  —  absent,  in  hospital,  at 

mus.  out  —  Vet. 

Benjamin  Hughs,  

.Corp.... 

July 

15,  1863    3 

Substitute  —  promoted       to      Corporal, 

Jan.    5,    1865  —  mus.    out    with    Co., 

June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

William  Orris,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  May  18,  1865,  — 

mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Thomas  B.  Dick,  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Discharged   by   special   order,   April  6, 

1865.—  Vet. 

Wm.  H.  Cochran,  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

5,  1861    3 

Promoted  to  Sergeant  Co.  G,  Nov.   1, 

1864—  Vet. 

George  Garvin,  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Promoted   to  Sergent   Co.   F.   Nov.    1, 

1864—  Vet. 

Christopher  Metzler,.. 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861!  3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

John  V.  Robinson  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Lawrence  Delworth,... 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Andrew  J.  Starrett,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861!  3 

Died  August  6,  1862. 

Joshua  Jobes. 

Corn 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Henry  M.  Snare, 

Corn 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  May  12,  1863  —  bu.  in  Mil.  Asv 

.    .  V^V^i  ±J  .  .    . 

Cem.,  D.  C. 

Hugh  Langshaw,  

.Muc. 

Mar. 

1,  1864 

3 

Prisoner  from  Nov.  11,  1864,  to  Feb.  14 

1865  —  mus.   out  with   Co.,   June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Alexander  Graham,  .  .  . 

.  .Muc.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Ed.  Cunningham,  

.  .  Muc.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Apr.    3,    1862. 

Samuel  Lyons,  

.  .Muc. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred     to      Company       A  —  date 

unknown,  —  Vet. 

Adams,  Robert,  A  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Agy,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known.     Vet. 

Antill,  Ison,. 

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  died    at    Anderson  ville,    Ga., 

J  *-**V 

October  28,   1864  —  grave,   11607. 

Boyce,  George  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28. 

1865—  Vet. 

Brush,  George, 

.  Private 

Tulv 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

f 

28,  1865. 

Berkeypile,  J. 

.  Private.  Oct. 

25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Beal,  Jacob,  

.Private.!  Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged   by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Blakeley,  Chas  A  

.  Private. 

July 

2,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred  . 

Barkley,  Wm.  F.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeno's     certificate, 

Feb.  6,  1862. 

Beatty,  John,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Jan.  11,  1862. 

Brickell,  John  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Mar.  24,   1862. 

Boyd,  James,. 

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.  May  15, 

»l  *•**./ 

1865. 

PENN  SYLVAN  I  A     V  0  L  UN  TEE  R  S 


179 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTEK 
INTO  SERVICE. 

T 

H 

REMARKS. 

Brady,  S.  A.,  Private. 

• 

Killed  at  Wilderness  —  buried  in  Wilder 

ness  burial  grounds. 

Cook,  Charles,  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Colman,  Joseph  A.,  ....  Privare. 

July 

16,  1863    3 

Drafted  —  wounded  at    Appomattox    C. 

H.,   April,   1865—  killed  accidentally, 

June,  1865. 

Cooper,  Stephen  .  .......  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861.    3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Charles,  Robert,  l  .  Private.!  Aug. 

1,  18611  3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  ~,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Cuddy,  Richard,  Private.  Aug. 

27,  1862 

3 

Discharged  by  General  order,  June  20, 

I 

1865. 

Cheatham,  John,  Private.  July 

22,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  discharged  by   G.  O.,  June 

j 

15,  1865. 

Calhoun,  A.  G.  R.,  Private.  I  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  E.  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Champion,  John  L.,.  .  .'.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred   to   company   E  —  date   un 

known  —  Vet. 

Conrad,  George  .  .......  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Croush,  Adam,  Private.  Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Cummings,  Wm  Private.  Aug. 

1,   1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Dunston,  William,  

.Private.!  July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Dillman,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

31,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  wounded    at    Wilderness, 

May  6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Dunlap,  Wm.  J.,  Private. 

July 

15,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged     by     sentence     of 

General  Court  Martial,  June  28,  1865. 

Deary,  Mark,  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Wildre-  ess,  May  6,   1864 

1 

absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Deitz,  John,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1961 

3 

Mistered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Denzer,  Jacob  

.  Private, 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  disch  on  Surg  cert  Ivlarch  21 

J  "•*Jf 

1865. 

Daniels,  Alfred,  

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.  May  18, 

1865. 

Davis,  Joseph,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  cert.,  June  18, 

1865  —  Veteran. 

Deitrick,  George,  Private.1  Mar 

12,  1864 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

June  20,   1865. 

Davis,  Henry  C.,  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Dawson,  Samuel  J.,..  .  .Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Dennling,  George,  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Dietch,  Henry,  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861    3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Dilworth,  Robert,  Private  Aug. 

1,  1861    3  iNot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Eckley,  Robert,  Private,  Oct. 

31,  1861    3    Transferred  to  Company  E.  —  date  un- 

known. 

Franks,  William  Private.  July 

16,  18  3 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  ont  with  Co.,  June 

1 

28,  1865. 

Farrington,  J.  A.,  Private   Tnlv 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged  Feb.  28,  1865,  for 

wounds  received  at  Charlestown,  Va. 

August  21,  1864. 

Fisher,  Samuel,  

.  Private.  July 

16,  1863 

3  'Drafted—  disch.    July    12,    1865. 

Farley,  Charles, 

Private    AIIP" 

1,  1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Fielding,  Amos,  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Transferred  to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Fitch,  H.,  

.  Private. 

3    Died  May  10,   1863  —  bu.  in  Mil.  Asy. 

Cem.,  D.  C., 

180 


SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Fowzer,  John  J.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3  'Not  on  muster-ou    roll. 

Gether,  William  

.  Private. 

July 

23, 

1863 

3  [Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,    1864  —  killed  at   Petersburg  —  date 

unknown. 

Grey,  John,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

25, 

1864 

1   i  Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Gilmore,  Stephen  M.,  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Gleason,  William,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

13, 

1862 

3    Discharged  June  20,  1865,  for  wds  rec. 

in  action. 

Gump,  Andrew,  J  

.  Private. 

July 

16, 

1863 

3    Drafted  —  discharged  March  6,  1865,  for 

wounds  received  at  Wilderness,  May 

5,  1864. 

Gorman,  Hugh,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Glenn,  Louis,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Died  at  Millen  Prison,  Ga. 

Graw,  L.W  

.  Private. 

Died  at  Millen,  Ga.  —  date  unknown. 

Hasler,  Frederick,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

13, 

1863 

3 

Substitute  —  absent,  sick,  at  muster  out. 

Huskins,  Malcolm  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Huey,  Peter, 

.  Private. 

Tulv 

21, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with   Co.,   June 

J  "•*  J 

28,  1865. 

Horn,  John,  .  . 

.Private. 

July 

17, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

J  tp*A  J 

28,  1865. 

Hendershatt,  J., 

Private. 

July 

16, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

J  *+*J 

28,  1865. 

Harbaugh,  Geo.  F.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  186  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Hone,  Reuben,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Harden,  Robert,  

,  Private. 

July 

16, 

1863!  3 

Drafted  —  disch.  on  surg.  certificate,  June 

8,  1865. 

Horner,  Andrew,  

.  Private.  Sent. 

26, 

1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Highhill,  Israel,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st.  Sgt.  company  G.  Nov. 

1864. 

Heninger,  John  S.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hipsley,  Peter  D.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company   E  —  date   un 

known. 

Hoag,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1. 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Huskins,  William  

.  Private. 

Aug 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Heifer,  Henry,  .    . 

.  Private. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Disch.   by  sentence   of   General   Court 

martial. 

Johnson,  Perry,  

.  Private. 

July 

22, 

1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

James,  George,  

.  Private. 

July 

16, 

1863 

3  |  Drafted  —  captured  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Jones,  William,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861    3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Jackson,  James,  

.  Private. 

July 

16, 

1863    3    Drafted  —  wounded  at  Winchester,  Va., 

Sept.  19,  1864  —  disch,  on  Surg.  certi- 

ficate,  March  28,  1865. 

Johnson,  John  C.  W.,  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

16, 

1863    3    Drafted  —  wounded   at   SpottsylvaniaC. 

H.,  May  12,  1864,  and  Petersburg,  Va. 

April  2,  1865—  disch.  by  General  Order 

May  30,  1865. 

Jack,  Andrew,  

.Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861  l  3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Kennedy,  Joseph,  O.,.. 

.  Private.  July 

16, 

1863    3    Drafted—  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,   1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


181 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OP  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

en 

REMARKS. 

Kennedy,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  returned  —  mustered  out  with 
company,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

Keesley,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3- 

Transferred  to  company  E.  —  date  un 

known. 

Luther,  Ernest,  

.  Private.  July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,   1865. 

Lacey,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863    3 

Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  Va., 

May  6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Lyons,  Silas,  

.Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864    1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Lape,  Franklin,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

25,  1864    1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Long,  George  

.  Private, 

July 

16,  1863    3 

Drafted  —  discharged  on  Surg.  certificate, 

March  25,  1865. 

Lutz,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Died  December  27,  1864—  Vet. 

Landis,  Nathaniel,..  .  . 

.  Private, 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

^ot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Lawson,  Archibald,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Lee,  Lafayette  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Mar 

25,  1864. 

Little,  James  O  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1    1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.   E  —  date  unknown 

Vet. 

Lightwell,  Jas.  K.  P.  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

STot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Madison,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

16,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  wunded  at  Winchester,  Va. 

Sept.  19,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Miller  Jacob 

Private. 

Oct. 

25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co 

June  28,  1865. 

Miller  Adam 

.  Private. 

Tulv 

16,  1863 

3 

Sub.  —  missing    at    Spottsylvania,    Va., 

j  **•*•]> 

May  12,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out 

Mahony,  Timothy,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

12,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  Wounded  at  Spottsylvania, 

C.     H.,    May    12,    1864—  absent    at 

Muster  out. 

Millett,  William,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

Melvin;  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Minich,  Joseph  F.,.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Mecoy,  Allen,  

.  Private. 

April 

1,  1861 

3 

Vlustered  out,  April  1,  1865  —  espiration 

of  term. 

Maxner,  Frederick,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

luly 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  May  13, 

1865. 

Moon,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

July 

12,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  disch.     on     Surg.     certificate, 

Dec.  1,  1864. 

Milligan,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  May  22, 

1864—  grave,  1,287. 

Masonheimer,  F.,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861J  3 

Transfer  ed    to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Merriman,  William,.  ...  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Transferred  to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Merriman,  Sam'l.,  G.,.  .Private. 

Aug. 

1,  186L  3 

Transferred  to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Merriman,  Thomas,  .  .  .  \  .  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861!  3 

Transferred  to  Company  E  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Melvin,  Sam'l  ,                  Private 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

Miller,  John  W.,.              Private 

Aug. 

1    1861    ^ 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Mindly,  John,  Private 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

182 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

I 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  | 

REMARKS. 

Michael,  Rudolph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1    1861 

3    Died  May  12,  1863—  bu.  in  Mil.  Asy. 
Cem.,  D.  C. 

Murray,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Mosteller,  Uriah,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1    Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.  June  20, 

1865. 

M'Donald,  Alex'r.,. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Not.  on  muster-out  roll. 

M'Vay,  John,  

.  Private. 

A*l*£. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Promoted  to  Sgt.   Company  G.  —  date 

unknown. 

M'Spadden,  Wm.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3  jNot    on    muster-out    roll. 

M'Crudden,  James,.... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3  i  Wounded  at  Winchester,  Va.,  Sept.  19, 

1864  —  absent  at  muster  out  —  Vet. 

M'  Clean,  George,  

.  Private. 

July 

13,  1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

M'Natt,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

July, 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  Va., 

May  6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

M'Nally,  Anthony,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  ab.,  on  detached  duty,  at 

muster  out. 

Oberry,  Henry  . 

.  Private. 

July 

10,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co     June 

J  *•*•*-  J 

June  28,   1885. 

Orris,  Joseph, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28 

****O" 

1865—  Vet. 

Owens,  Edwin,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

O'Connor,  Cornelius,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

O'Donnell,  James,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  March  20,  1964. 

Pope,  Harrison  W.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Patterson,  Albert  C.,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Porter,  William  R.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of   term. 

Prophater,  John  S.,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Captured  at  Centerville,  Va.,  October  17, 

1863  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Pry  or,  William,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  by  sen.  of  G.  C.  M.,  June  18, 

1865—  Vet. 

Porter,  George,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Powers,  David  H.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Rammage,  Duncan,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  captured  at  Wilderness,  May 

6,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Riley,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Rooss,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Riley,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Robinson,  Robert,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Roseburg,  Peter  B.,..  . 

.Privat  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Reno,  Robert,  R.  R.,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Nov 

26,    1861, 

Ross.  William   . 

.  Private. 

Deser'd  —  returned  —  disch.  G.  O.,May 

31,   1865—  Vet. 

Snyder,  James  W.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted    —  deserted    —  returned  —  mus- 

Spitnagle,  Benj.,  

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

tered  out  with  company,  June  28,  1865 
3  1  Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Shields,  Thomas  A.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

15,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


183 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

s 
1 

W 
H 

REMARKS. 

Smith,  Geoge  W.,  

.  Private 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  wounded  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va., 

Oct.,  19,  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Swain,  William,  

.  Private 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Captured  —  date  unknown  —  died  at  Rich 

mond,  Va.,  March  23,  1864. 

Shoals,  Alexander,  .... 

.  Private 

Jan. 

16,  1864 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Oct. 

28,    1864. 

Swain,  Robinson,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Schondle,  Charles,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not     on     muster-our 

Sherman,  Matthew,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Schnider,  John  W.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll.         Vet. 

Sharp,  John  A 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Wilderness  —  date  unknown  — 

buried  in  Wilderness  burial  grounds, 

Vet. 

Shilds,  Henry  F.,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  July  3,  1862. 

Speer,  John  L.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll  —  Vet. 

Stoll,  Chas.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  Muster  Roll.  —  Vet. 

Thompson,  John, 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Disch.  June  3,  1865,  for  wds.  rec.in  action 

—Vet. 

Taylor,   Samuel  G.,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  Transferred  . 

Urban,  George,  

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

Upperman,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

July 

27,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  discharged   by  G.  O.,  June 

6,  1865. 

Walters,  Jacob,  

Private.  . 

Jan. 

16,  1865 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Wise,  Jackson,  

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  deserted  —  returned  —  mus.  out 

with  company,  June  28,  1865. 

Werdhass,  Charles,...  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

15,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  wounded    at    Wilderness, 

May  8,  1864  —  absent  at  muster-out. 

Williams,  William  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Feb.  1, 

1865—  Vet. 

Woodford,  William.... 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  May  11, 

1865. 

Whitkey,  Jerome  B.,... 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

25,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  disch.     on     Surgeon's     cert., 

May  16,  1865. 

Williamson,  Robert  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Weston,  Isaiah  

Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred. 

Whaler,  Thomas,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Slot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Walker,  Smith,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

SJot    on    muster-out    roll. 

Young,  James  H.,  

Private. 

July 

17,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred. 

Young,  Cabel  B.,  

Private. 

Aug. 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.,  Jan. 

28,  1865. 

Young,  Jonathan  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

184 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


COMPANY   D. 
RECRUITED  IN  LUZERNE  COUNTY. 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Butler   Dilley,  

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Resigned  July  23,  1862. 

Wm.  W.  Ellis,  

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,   1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Lt.  to  Capt.  July 

23,  1862.     Transferred  Jan.  2,  1864  to 

Veteran  Reserve  Corps.     Wd.  May  3, 

1863,  at  Charge  on  Marye's  Heights, 

Fredericksburg,  Va., 

David  J.  Taylor,  

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  2d.  Lt.  to  1st.  Lt.  July 

23,   1862;  to  Capt.   March  25,   1864 

Killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.  Oct.  19, 

1864,  while  in  Command  of  the  Regt 

Oliver  A.  Parson,  

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pro.  from  1st.  Sergt.  to  2d.  Lt.  April  19, 

1864;  to  1st.  Lt.  Oct.  1,  1864;  to  Capt. 

Nov.  30,  1864  to  Major  May  14,  1865 

Wd.  at  Spottsylvania  May  18,  1864, 

and  at  Petersburg  April  2,  1865.     Mus 

out  June  28,  1865. 

Breveted  Major  for  gallantry  at  assault 

on  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865.    Prisoner 

at  Fair  Oaks,  —  Vet. 

Sylvester  D.  Rhodes,.  - 

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pro.  from  Sergt.  to  2d.  Lt.  Dec.  1,  1864 

to  1st.  Lt.  Jan.  6,  1865;  to  Capt.  June 

3,1865.    Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.    Vet 

Holds  medal  from  Congress  for  dis 

tinguished  gallantry  at  Fisher's  Hill 

Va.  Sept.  22,  1864. 

Smith  D.  Dean,  

.1st.  U. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pro.  to  2d.  Lt.  July  23,  1862;  to  1st.  Lt. 

Apr.  19,  1864.     Discharged  Aug.  10, 

1864. 

Charles  M.  Cyphers,... 

.  1st.  lit. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pro.    from  1st.  Sergt.  to  1st.  Lt.  Dec. 

15,  1864;  to  Capt.  Co.  F.  Jan.  6.  1865 

—  Veteran. 

Wm  Lathrop,. 

.  1st.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  Maj.;  to  2d.  Lt.  Jan. 

v-"~,f  **• 

O 

8,  1865;  to  1st.  Lt.  June  2,  1865.    Mus. 

out  June  28,  1865.  —  Verteran. 

Samuel  C.  Fell,  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Sergt.  to  2d.  Lt.  June 

6,   1865.     Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 

Vet. 

Samuel  Tintsman,  .... 

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Pro.  to  1st.  Sergt.  June  8,  1865.    Mus. 

out  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 

Presewed  Taylor  

1st.  Sgt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Died  June  16,  1862. 

Atherton  Casey,  

.Sergt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Killed  May  3,  1863,  in  charge  on  Marye's 

Heights,    Fredericksburg. 

Wm.  D.  Beels,  

Sergt. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  Dec.  13,  1862  at  Fredericksburg, 

fr*V-£*b« 

Mus.   out  June  28,    186  .     Vet. 

Wm.  Coon,  

.Sergt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  April  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg.     Mus. 

out  June  28,  1865.     Vet. 

Robt.  M.  Thompson,  . 

.Sergt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Pro.  to  Sergt.  Feb.  20,  1865.    Mus.  out 

June    28,    1865.     Veteran. 

William  S.  Withers,  .  .  . 

.Sergt.  .  . 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pro.  to  Sergt.  June  8,  1865.     Mus,  out 

June  28,  1865.     Vet. 

Jacob.  Shafer,  

.Sergt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862—  Mus. 

out  Sept.  7,  1864. 

Robert  Marshall,  

.Sergt... 

Feb. 

20,  1862 

3 

Mus.  out  Feb.  20,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


185 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

Joseph  R.  Shultz,  

I 
.Sergt...  Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.    Re- 
enlisted    Mar    8,    1864.     Discharged 

date  not  known. 

Wm.  A.  Swan,  

.Sergt..  . 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Wounded  May  10,  1864  at  Spottsylvania 

Deserted  from  the    hospital  and  en 

listed  in  the  Navy. 

Wm.  Q.  Cole,  

.Sergt... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Alexandria,  Va.  May  29,  1864, 

from    wounds.         Grave    1957  —  Vet. 

Wm.  Roundtree,  

.Sergt... 

Aug.      18,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  May  31,  1862  and 

taken   prisoner.     Discharged    Dec.    9 

1862, 

David  C.  Connor,  .... 

.Sergt... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3  !Mus.  out  Sept.  7.   1864;  expiration  of 

term. 

Geo.  W.  Sayers,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3    Wd.  May  5,  1864,  in  Wilderness—  dis 

charged  July   31,    1865—  Vet. 

James  McCarty,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded  at  muster  out  —  Died 

Sept.  19,     1900.     Veteran. 

Daniel  Schlabach,  .... 

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

John  Dowden,  

.Corp.. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3  !Mus.  out  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

Elisha  Gear,  

..Corp... 

July      14,  1863 

3    Drafted,  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

John  H.  Benning,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865—  Vet.  Wd.  May 

12,  1864  at  Spottsylvania. 

John  Wise,  

..Corp... 

July      14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  pro.  to  corporal  June  8,  1865 

—  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Gasper  Tarr,  

Corp... 

July      13,  1863 

3 

Drafted.  Pro.  to  Corporal  June  15,  1865 

—Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

Ezra  A.  Coswell,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864.     Wd.  May  12, 

1864  at  Spottsylvania. 

Theodore  A.  Tucker,.. 

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Wd.     May   12,    1864   at  Spottsylvania 

and  transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve 

Corps,  Jan  6,  1865. 

Geo.  A.  Cassidy  

..Corp... 

Aug.       1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps, 

Dec.   30,    1864.     Vet.  Wd.   May   12, 

1864  at  Spottsylvania. 

Wm.  H.  Roundtree.  .  . 

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862,  and 

discharged  for  disability. 

Charles  H.  Elliott,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Died  June   17,    1862  from  wounds  re 

ceived  at  Fair  Oaks  May  31,  1862. 

Joseph  C.  Dale,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Died  Sept.   17,   1862  from  wounds  re 

ceived  at  Fair  Oaks, 

J.  Josiah  McDermott, 

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  May  31,  1862,  and 

taken     prisoner  —  Discharged  Dec.  9, 

1862. 

Geo.  W.  Fell  

..Corp... 

Sept.       2,  1861    3 

Transferred  to  Co.  E.  April  10,  1862— 

Killed  at  Antietam  Sept.    17,    1862. 

Frank  H.  Leas,  

Musician 

Jan.      22,  1864    3 

Mus.   out  June  28,  1865. 

Robert  G.  Thompson  .  . 

Musician 

Aug.        1,  1861    3 

Mus.  out  June  28,   1865  —  Vet. 

Michael  Toban  

Musician 

Sept.       2,  1861    3 

Deserted  Nov  12,  1861' 

John  Glancy,  

Musician 

Sept."     2,  1861 

3 

Deserted  Dec.  11,  1862. 

James  Muncie,  

Musician 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Died  March  19,  1862. 

Abbott,  Asher  M.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Discharged  Dec.  9,  1862. 

Alkins,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Discharged  Sept.    12,    1862. 

Bowen,  Weston,  

.  Private. 

March    1,  1864 

3 

Missing  at  Spottsylvania  May  18,  1864 

supposed  to  have  b  en  killed. 

Boyd,  John,. 

.  Private. 

March    1,  1862 

3 

Mus.    out    March    1,    1865,    expiration 

of  term. 

Briggs,  Job.,  

.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

Brisbing,  Geo.  W.,  

.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Discharged  Aug.   15,    1862. 

186 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTEK 
INTO  SERVICE. 

i 

REMARKS. 

Brinner,  Thomas.  H.,  . 
Brown,  Geo.  S., 

.  Private 
Private 

Sept.       2,  1861 
July      16,  1863 

3 
3 

;  Discharged  Aug.  1,  1862. 
Drafted  Mus   out  June  28     1865 

Brooks,  Wm., 

Private 

Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

Died  June  29   1864  at  Tudiciarv  Souare 

Burtz,  Joseph  W.,  
Burke,  James,  

.  Private 
.  Private 

July      11,  1863 
Sept.       2,  1861 

3 
3 

Hospital  from  wounds. 
Drafted.        Discharged      on   Surgeon's 
certificate  Dec.  29,  1864. 
iMus.  out  June  28    1865     Vet 

Burke  John 

Private 

Feb.      29,  1864 

3 

Baker,  Isaac,  
Barnes,  Geo.  P.,  

Barnett,  Patrick,  
Benning,  Edw.  J.,. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Jan.        1,  1862 

3 
3 

3 
3 

Oct.  24,  1864. 
Died  Jan.  8,  1862. 
Pro.  to  Sergt.  Co.  F.,  Nov.  1,  1864—  Vet. 
Wd.  May  12,  1864,  at  Spottsylvania 
Mus.  out  Sept.  28,  1865. 
Deserted    Feb.     1,     1862. 
Died  in  camp  at  Brandy  Station  Va 

Benham,  Josiah,.  . 

.  Private. 

Feb.      27,  1864 

Dec.  28,  1863.    Buried  at  Culpepper.' 
C.   H.,   Va., 
Absent  —  Wd    at  muster  out 

Blackman,  Frank,  .... 
Bogard,  Samuel,.  . 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 
July      10,  1863 

3 

Died  Nov.  23,  1861. 
Drafted  —  absent   on   detached   duty   at 

Charles,  Th:mas,  
Connor,  Thomas  R.,  .  . 

Cooper,  Samuel,  

Cordell,  JohnB.,  
Dale,  Charles  W.,  
Dale,  David  W.,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Sept.       4,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 

Aug.        1,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       4,  1861 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 

3 

muster  out. 
Absent  sick  at  muster  out  of  Company 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862—  dis 
charged  Sept.  7,  1864. 
Discharged    March    12,    1863.     Re-en 
listed  Mar.  5,  1864  and  muste.ed  out 
June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Vet. 
Deserted  Jan.   1,   1862. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864 

Daniels,  Wm.  H.,  
Dawson,  Geo.  W., 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Sept.       2    1861 
July      23,  1863 

3 

Discharged     on     surgeon's     certificate, 
Dec.   1862. 
Transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps 

Danchart,  Charles,...  . 
Delay,  Emanuel,  .... 

Dille  ,  James  W.,  
Dowdson,  John,  
Dorman,  Toney,  

.  Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Aug.      16,  1863 
Feb.      27,  1864 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Aug.        1,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

3 
3 
3 
3 

Dec.    30,    1864. 
Substitute.     Wd.  May   10,   1864.     De 
serted  Nov.   1,   1864. 
Wd.  May    12,    1864   at   Spottsylvania. 
in  hospital  at  muster  out  of  company. 
Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 
Absent   on   furlough   at   muster   out. 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.     Re 

Dolph,  Samuel,  

Driscall,  Jerry,  
Ekis,  Levi,  
Ellis,  Thomas  C.,  

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

Aug.     30,  1863 
Aug.     20,  1863 
Sept.       2,  1861 

3 

3 
3 
8 

ceived    furlough    from    hospital    and 
enlisted   in   5th   U.   S.   Artillery. 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  May  31,  1862—  dis 
charged  Sept.  18,  1862. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Died  Sept.  4,  1864. 
Killed  at  Spottsylvania  May  9,   1864. 

Ellis,  Henry,  

Ellis,  Elmer  K.,  
Elson,  Wm.  G.,  
Fairchilds,  John  L.,  .  .  . 
Fairchilds,,  Wm.  F.,... 

Fulkerson,  Chas.  W.,.  . 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 

July      12,  1863 

March    1,  1862 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       4,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 

co  co  co  coco  co 

Drafted—  Wd.  May  5,  1864  at  Wilderness 
—  absent  in  hospital  at  muster  out. 
Discharged   Mar.   30,    1863. 
Died  Sept.  23,  1862. 
Killed  May  9,  1864    at  Spottsylvania. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  Wd.  at  Fair 
Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 
Died  May  16,  1865  at  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,    of   wounds    received    in    action 
at  Spottsylvania,  May  12,  1864. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


187 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO   SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEAKS. 

REMARKS. 

Fisher,  Robert  F.,  
Furguson,  J.,  

Gear,  Dwight,  
Gerard,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

July 
July 

Feb. 
July 

July 
Sept. 

July 

Feb. 
Sept. 
Feb. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

July 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
July 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
vSept. 
Sept. 

July 
Oct. 
July 

Mar. 
Feb. 

Oct. 
Sept. 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
July 

14, 
14, 

29, 
15, 

16, 
2, 

16, 

24, 

2 

9,' 
2, 

2, 

13, 
12, 
4, 
2, 

2, 

2, 
16, 

20, 

2 

2 
2' 
2,' 

17, 
31, 
22, 

11, 

27, 

30, 
2, 
8, 
13, 
1, 
13, 
13, 

1863 
1863 

1864 
1863 

1863 
1861 

1863 

1864 
1861 
18  4 
1861 

1861 

1863 
1864 
1861 
1861 

1861 

1861 
1863 

1864 
1861 

1861 
1861 
1861 

1863 
1861 
1863 

1865 
1864 

1861 
1861 
1861 
1863 
1861 
1863 
1863 

CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  h-'  COCOCO  COCOCO  CO  H-  COCO  CO  COCOCOCO  CO  COCOCOCO  CO  COCO  CO  CO  COCO 

Drafted—  Mus.    out   June    28,    1865. 
Died  July  11,  1864  from  wounds  received 
at  Spottsylvania,   May   12,    1864. 
Discharged  by  general  order    May  13, 
1865.     Wd.  May  5,  1864  at  Wilder 
ness. 
Drafted.     Died     at     Alexandria,     Va., 
July  1,  1864,  from  wounds  received  in 
the  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864. 
Killed  Mav  12,  1864  at  Spottsylvama. 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862    and 
discharged  Aug.  10  ,  1862. 
Died  June  9,  1864,  from  wounds  received 
May  6,  1864,  at  Wilderness. 
Mus  out  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 
Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 
Died  Dee.  8,  1862  from  exposure  in  rebel 
prison. 
Died  Aug.  7,  1864,  (buried  in  Arlington 
National   Cemetery,)    from      wounds 
received  July  12,  1864  at  Fort  Stevens. 
Killed  May  9,  1864  at  Spottsylvania. 
Mus.   out  June  28,   1865. 
Mus.    out   Sept.    7,    1864. 
Discharged  April  10,  1862.    Re-enlisted 
Mar.  4,  1864,  and  discharged  on  sur 
geon's  certificate  May  15,   1865. 
Transferred  to  23rd.  P.  V.  March  1,  1862 
—  Teamster. 
Discharged  Nov.    16,    1861. 
Substitute,     Mus.   out  June  28,    1865. 
Transferred  to  Co.  C. 
Substitute.     Discharged      by      general 
order  June,  1865. 
Died   Dec.   23,    1862   from  wounds  re 
ceived  Dec.   13,   1862  at  Fredericks- 
burg.     Buried  in  Mil.  Asy.  Cem.  D.  C. 
Deserted,     Feb.     11,     1863. 
Discharged    Nov.    2,     1865.     Vet. 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  May  31,  1862—  Dis 
charged  Jan.  17,  1863. 
Substitute.     Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out  Oct.  30,  1864. 
Wd.  May  5,  1864  at  Wilderness.     Trans 
ferred  to  Co.  B.,  Mus.  out  June  28, 
1865. 
Disch.  by  G.  O.  June  24  1865. 
Missing  at  battle  of  Wilderness  May  6, 
1864  —  Supposed  to  have  been  captured 
and  died  in  rebel  prison. 
Mus.  out  Oct.  30,  1864.  Exp.  of  term. 

Discharged     Dec.     31,     1862. 
Drafted  —  absent  sick  at  muster  out. 
Absent  —  sick  at  muster  out. 
Drafted.     Mus.   out  June  28,    1865. 
Drafted.     Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 

r 

Gray,  Marshall,  
Groff,  Alfred  ,  

Gump,  Henry,  . 

.Private. 
.Private. 

.Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 

Hagle,  Frederick,  .  .  . 
Hall,  John,  
Hamilton,  Wm.,  
Hawk,  Chester  B.,..  .  . 

Hay,  John  W.,  
Hays,  J.  L.  

Hazel,  Henry  G.,  
Higgs,  James,  

Hinkle,  Wm.,  

.  Private. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 
Private 

Holmes,  John  W.,  

Hotchkiss,  Jeremiah,.. 
Horn,  John,. 

Honeywell,  Philip,  .... 
Howe,  Winfield,  

Hood,  Frank,  
Howe,  John,  
Huff.  Levi,  . 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Private 

Hunker,  Benj.,  
Hunter,  David,  
Hurley,  Wm.,. 

Jones,  Jonah  J., 

Knox,  James,. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
Private 

Kumph,  John  
Laban,  John  S.,  
La  Barr,  James  S.,..  .  . 
Lanham,  Votley,  
Lambaugh,  James,.  .  .  . 
Leap,  John,  

Lenhart,  Joseph,  

Private 

188 


SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

H 

REMARKS. 

Lippencott,  Wm  

Lowrey,  Geo  
Maher,  Thomas,. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private.! 

.  Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Sept.       2,  1861 

July      15,  1863 
July      13,  1863 
July      15,  1863 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

July      25,  1863 
Sept.       4,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 
July      25,  1863 
Sept.       2,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.     29,  1864 

Aug.       1,  1861 
Feb.      28,  1864 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

Sept.     12,  1864 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.  29,  1862 

Sept.       2,  1861 
July      14,  1863 

Sept.     13,  1864 
Aug.        1,  1861 

July      10,  1863 
Feb.      18,  1864 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

Sept.       2,  1861 
July      30,  1863 

Sept.       2,  1861 
Jan.         4,  1864 

Sept.       4,  1861 
July      21,  1863 

3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
"3" 

3 
3 
3 
1 

3 
3 

3 
3 

1 
3 
1 

3 
3 

1 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 

3 
3 

Transferred  to  Co.,  A.  Mus.  out  June 
28,     1865.     Veteran. 
Deserted   Nov.    18,    1863. 
Drafted.     Mus.   out  June   28,    1865. 
Drafted.     Died    at    Port    Royal,    Va., 
May  24,  1864  of  wounds  received  in 
action  at  Wilderness  May  5,  1864. 
Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 
Died  May  20,    1864  from  wounds  re 
ceived  in  action. 
Drafted.  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Wd.  at  Fredericksburg,  May  3,    1863 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 
Deserted    Feb.    11,    1863. 
Drafted.     Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Wd.  at  Fair 
Oaks   May   31,    1862.     Vet. 
Discharged  April  29,    1862. 
Died  Jan.30,   1861 
Discharged   May   24,    1862. 
Drafted.     Discharged  by  general  order 
June  20,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 
Discharged  on  surgeon's  certificate  May 
9,    1865. 
Died  Mar.  19,  1862.     Bu.  in  Mil.  Asy. 
Cem.  D.  C., 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862  and  dis 
charged  Sept.  6,  1862. 
Discharged  by  G.  O.  June  20,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865.     Veteran. 
Drafted.     Mus.    out   by   general   order 
June  20,  1865. 
Discharged  Feb.  11,  1863. 
Drafted.     Mus.    out    June    28,     1865. 
Wd.  at  Petersburg  June  20,  1864. 
Discharged  by  general  order,  June  20 
1865. 
Discharged  by  general  order,   June  3, 
1865.     Veteran. 
Drafted.  Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 
Died  April  8,  1862. 
Discharged    Dec.    4,     1862. 
Killed  May  18,   1864  at  Spottsylvania 
—Vet. 
Pro.  to  Sergt.  Co.  F.,  Nov.  1,  1864— 
—  Mus.  out    June    28,  1865.         Vet. 
Drafted  —  Discharged  on  surgeon's  certi 
ficate  May  15,  1865. 
Mus.    out   June    28,    1865.     Veteran. 
Discharged  bv  general  order  June  23, 
1865.  Wd.  May  5,  1864  at  Wilderness 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.    Trans 
ferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  Feb. 
29,    1864. 
Drafted.     Mus   out   June    28,    1865. 

Martin,  Charles. 

McDermott,  I,.  A.,.  .  .  . 
McFarland,  Roderick. 

McGahan,  John 

McGuire,  Rufus,  

McKnight,  James,  .... 
McNabb,  Jno.  B.,  
Minick,  Uriah  D.,  .  .  .  . 

Minig,  Abram  J  
Moore,  Hiram,  
Morton,  Ira  

Morton,  Samuel  A.,.  .  . 

Morrison,  Thomas,...  . 
Morris,  Richard  V.,..  . 

Munis,  J.,  

Myars,  James  A.,  
Myers,  Wm.,  

Myers,  Judson  W  , 

Newberry,  Oliver  G.,.. 

Newsbigle,  Joseph,  
Nickerson,  John,  

Nihart,  Wm.,  
O'Brien,  Thomas 

Partridge,  Ross 

Peach,  Wm.,  

Pembridge,  John,  
Peters,  Obed,  
Piper,  John 

Phillips,  Wm.  H.,  
Phillips,  Geo.  S.,..  .. 

Puterbaugh,  Alex.,.  .  .  . 
Robinson,  Thos.  M.,  .  . 

Ruger,  Luther,  
Sadler,  Robert,  

PENN  SYLVAN  I  A     V  0  L  UN  TEE  R  S 


189 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

I 

REMARKS. 

Sanders,  Jacob  
Sayre,  Vincent  I.,  
Seipe,  Frederick,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
March 

Feb. 

Sept. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
July 
July 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Feb. 
Oct. 

Mar. 

Feb. 
Sept. 
Mar. 
July 

Feb. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Mar, 

Mar, 
Sept. 
Sept. 
July 
Sept. 

2,  1861 
2,  1861 
2,  1861 

4,  1861 
4,  1861 
5,  1864 

20,  1864 

4,  1861 

29,  1864 
24,  1864 
9,  1864 

2,  1861 
4,  1861 

2,  1861 

2,  1862 
10,  1863 
21,  1863 
2,  1861 
4,  1861 
29,  1864 
31,  1861 

7,  1864 

24,  1864 
13,  1862 
1,  1862 
13,  1863 

29,  1864 
2,  1861 
2,  1861 
2,  1861 
2,  1861 
4,  1861 

1,  1864 

7,  1864 
5,  1861 
2,  1861 
14,  1863 
2,  1861 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.     Mus. 
out  vSept.  7,  1864. 
Died  May  25,  1863.    Buried   at   York- 
town,  Va. 
Killed  in  action  near  Charlestown,  Va., 
Aug.  21,  1864  at  Flowing  Spring. 
Mus.   out  Sept.   7,    1864. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864. 
Wd.  at  Fort  Stevens  July  12,  1864—  Dis 
charged  Aug.  7,  1865 
Transferred  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps,  Jan.  17, 
1865.     Wd.  May  10,  1864  in  Upton's 
Charge  at  Spottsylvania. 
Wd.  at  Fredericksburg,  May  3,    1863. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Absent,   wounded   at   muster  out. 
Drafted.     Discharged  by  general  order 
June   20,    1865. 
Transferred  to  Co.  H.,  1st.  Pa.  Art. 
Died  Dec.  28,  1863  of  wounds  received 
at    Fredericksburg  May    3,    1863,  in 
charge  on  Marye's  Heights. 
Wd.  at  Fair  Oaks  and  died  from  effects 
in  Richmond,  Va.  June  6,  1862. 
Mus.   out  June  28,    1865.     Vet. 
Drafted.     Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 
Drafted.     Absent  sick  at  muster  out. 
Killed  at  Spottsylvania,  May  12,  1864. 
Mus.   out   Sept.   7,    1864. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865. 
Died    at   Andersonville,    Ga.    Aug.    31, 
1865. 
Died  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  May  28,  1864 
(Grave    1953)      from     wounds      re 
ceived  May  27,  1864.  —  Vet. 
Mus.  out  June  28,   1865. 
Disch.  by  general  order  June  20,  1865. 
Disch.  on  surg.  certificate  Dec.  29,  1864. 
Drafted.     Died  at  Fredericksburg,  Va., 
May  26,  1864,  from  wounds  received 
in  action. 
Died  at  Philadelphia,  April  22,  1864. 
Killed  May  9,   1864  at  Spottsylvania. 
Discharged  Jan.   6,   1863. 
Deserted  Nov.  15,  1861, 
Killed  May  9,  1864,  at  Spottsylvania. 
Wd.   at  Spottsylvania,   May   12,   1864. 
Absent  at  expiration  of  term.     Dis 
charged    from     Hodington    hospital, 
Philadelphia,    Nov.    4,     1864. 
Died  May  17,  1864  from  wounds  received 
at  Wilderness  May  6,  1864. 
Mus.   out  June  28,    1865. 
Died     Dec.     4,     1861. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865  —  Veteran. 
Drafted.     Mus.   out   June  28,    1865. 
Mus.  out  June  28,  1865  —  Veteran. 

Schlabach,  Jonathan,  .- 
Shafer,  Nathan,  
Shafer,  Frederick  N.,.- 

Shafer,  Samuel,  

Sheiber,  Jesse,  

Shodden,  Lewis,  
Shuler,  Samuel,  
Smith,  John  D.,  

Stiver,  Chester  B.,  
Stout,  Theo.  L.,  

Stroth,  Geo.,  

Sweeney,  John  

Sweniger,  Bazil,  

Sylvis,  Jacob,  

Tanfield,  Thos.  A...... 
Tribble,  Wm.  F.,  
Trickier,  Wm  
Thorp,  Levi, 

Tucker,  Thos.  O.,  

Tucker,  Joseph,  
Turner,  Nathan,  
Van  Garkin,  Wesley,.. 
Vaugh,  Joseph,  

Vettenberg,  James,...  . 
Ward,  Wm.  H.,  

Waring,  Geo.  E.,  

Wilbert,  John,  

Wilcox,  Crandall  A.,  .  . 
Wiley,  John,  

Willard,  David,  

Willard,  John  
Williams,  Townsand,.. 
Wilson,  John,  
Worrell,  John,. 

Zaun,  Charles,.. 

190 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


COMPANY  E. 
RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  COUNTY. 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Alexander  Hay,  |  .  .Capt..  . 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 

Resigned  May  20,  1862. 
Prom,  from  1st.  Lt.  to  Capt.,  May  21, 

Wm.  H.  Crawford,  Capt..  . 

1862—  Resigned  Dec.  18,  1862. 

Wm.  J.  Glenn,  

..Capt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Prom,  to  2d.  Lt.,  May  21st.  1862—  to 

Capt.     Mar.     1,     1864—  wounded    at 

Charlestown,    Va.,    Aug.    21,    1864— 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Chas.  H.  Clausen,  

..Capt... 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Prom,  from  1st  Lt.  Co.  A.  to  Capt.  Oct. 

1,    1864—  disch.    Feb.    10,    1865,    for 

wounds  re'cd  in  action. 

Andrew  J.  Bingham.  .  . 

..Capt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Prom.  Corp.  Co.  C.  May  9,  1863—  Sergt. 

May  6,  1864;  1st  Sergt.  Sept  12,  1864; 

Trans,  to  Co.  E.  Nov.  1864;  Prom.  1st. 

Lt.  Nov.  6,  1864;  Prom.  Capt.  Feb. 

Feb.  28,  1865;  wounded  at  Fair  Oaks 

May   31,    1862;   and    at    Winchester 

Va.,  Sept.   19,   1864;   Mus.    out   and 

•disch.   Camp  Reynold,   Pa.  with   the 

Company  July  3d.  1865. 

Henry  M'Lauglin,  

.1st.  Lt..  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Prom,  to  2d.  Lt.  Sept.  1861—  to  1st  Lt., 

May  21,  1862—  disch.  Dec.  22,  1863. 

Samuel  W.  Means,  

.1st.  Lt..  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st.  Lt.,  March  1,  1863— 

mustered  out.  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

John  Barrett,  

.1st.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred    from    Company    C  —  killed 

at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1864. 

William  M.  Price,  

.1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d.  Lieut.,  Dec.  22,  1864— 

to  1st    Lt.,  Feb.  27,  1865  —  wounded 

April  2,  1865  —  absent  at  muster  out. 

Vet. 

George  F.  Harper  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  frm  1st  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  March 

1,  1863—  died  May  18,  1863,  of  wounds 

received  in  action. 

Bergan  M.  Dowell  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1  ,1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Sept. 

12,  1863.  —  mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864 

—  expiration  of  term. 

Charles  H.  Bewley,  .  .  . 

.2d.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  Oct. 

Oct.  10,  1864—  to  Capt.  company  G. 

Dec.  18,  1864—  Vet. 

John  M'Vay  

.2d.  Lt..;Aug. 

1,  1861 

;; 

Promoted  from  Sgt.  company  G.  to  2d. 

Lt.,  March  1,   1865  —  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865.—  Vet. 

Fred'k  Masonheimer  . 

1st.  Sgt.   Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st.   Sgt.   Feb.  18,   1865— 

mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

865—  Vet. 

James  I.  Earle,  

1st.  Sgt  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  164  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Charles  W.  Leslie,  .  . 

1st.  Sgt-  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  November  24,  1861. 

Peter  A.  Grush  Serg't  .  .  Feb. 

1,  1864 

3 

Promoted    to  Sergeant,    December  22, 

1864  —  mustered  out    with    company, 

June  28,  1865. 

Abednego  Davis  Serg't  .  .  Mar. 

22,  1864 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  March  15,   1865  — 

mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

\ 

1865—  Vet. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


191 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

John  Beck,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Feb. 

7,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865—  Vet. 

Myers  Updegraff  ,  

.Serg't... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered    out     Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir-JI 

ation  of  term. 

Joseph  Myers,  

.Serg't... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864—  expiration 

of  term. 

Alb't  G.  C.  Calhoun  .  . 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergeant   Major,   Jan.   8. 

1865—  Vet. 

James  O.  Little  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.,  Sept.  21, 

1864—  Vet. 

Peter  D.  Hipsley  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1864 

Vet. 

Thomas  J.  Moore,  .... 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

William  H.  Rodgers.  .  . 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Q.    M    Sgt.  December  8, 

1861. 

John  Davis,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Geogre  C.  Saul,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

William  P.  Riley  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1864 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

John  Blake,  

.  .Corp. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

fr    *  ' 

^     .f*" 

*   1865—  Vet. 

Andrew  G.  Evans  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Sept.  4,  1864  — 

absent,  sick,  at  muster  out  —  Vet. 

Gustavus  F.  Bowers.  . 

...Corp.. 

July 

9,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  promoted  to  Corporal,   April 

8,  1865  —  mustered  out  with  company 

June  28,  1865. 

Charles  B.  Barrett,..  . 

.Corp.... 

May 

9,  1864 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,    Sept.  4,  1864— 

discharged   by   General   Order,    May 

26,  1865. 

John  Lighthill  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

9,  1864 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,    Dec.  22,  1864— 

mustered    out    with    company,    June 

28,  1865. 

Sam'l  G.  Merriman  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Feb.  8,  1865  — 

mustered   out  with   Company,    June 

28,  1865—  Vet. 

Samuel  Melvin 

Corp 

AUg 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  March  15,  1865 

4A.Ug  . 

mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Amsy  Painter  

..Corp... 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

John  Orr,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Prisoner  from  May  6,  to  Dec.  7,  1864— 

mustered  out  Dec.  11,  1864  —  expirati 

tion  of  term. 

William  Wilson  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded,  at  expiration  of  term. 

Henry   Feuhake,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded  at  expiration  of  term. 

William  Russell,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

3,  1862 

3 

Discharged    on    Surg.    certificate  —  date 

unknown. 

Jacob  Fogle,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7  1864—  expiration  of 

term. 

John  Woods  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not   on    muster-out   roll. 

Geo.  H.  Shanafelt  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Cor.,  March   1,   1862—  to 

1st  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.,  company  A.  April 

4,  1865—  Vet. 

John.  Fairbanks,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  Jan.  1,  1862  —  not 

on  muster-out  roll. 

Geo.  W.  M'Dowell.... 

.  .Corp..  .  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  March  1,  1862  — 

not  on  muster-out  roll. 

John  Robinson  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  February  1,  1862 

not  on  muster-out  roll. 

192 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  0*  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Henry  Buchanan  
Almzo  N.  Billings,  

F.  B.  M'Namara  
David  Fitzgerals,  
Agy,  William  

..Corp... 
..Corp... 

Musician 
Musician 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Jan. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

23,  1864 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 
3 

3 
3 
3 

3 
3 

1 

1 

3 

Q 

3 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
1 

3 
o 

3 
3 
3 
3 

o 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865. 
Discharged    on    Surgeon's     certificate, 
Jan.  17  1862—  reenlisted  Jan.  28,  1864 
—  mustered  out  with  company,  June 
28,   1865 
Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Feb. 
3,  1862. 
Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 
Jan.  17,  1862. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865—  Vet. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Discharged    by    General    Order,    June 
25,  1865. 
Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 
28,   1865. 
Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  Va., 
May  1864  —  absent  at  muster  out. 
Drafted  —  wounded  Aug.  21,  1864  —  dis 
charged  by  General  Order,  May  21, 
1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Company,  June    28, 
1865—  Vet. 
Drafted  —  absent,  sick  at  muster  out. 
Disch.  on  Surg.  cert.  March  27,  1862— 
re-enlisted    Feb.    1,    1864  —  mus.    out 
with  company.,  June  28,  1865. 
Deserted  —  returned  —  mustered  out  with 
company,  June  28,  1865. 
Not    on    muster-out    roll. 
Not  on  muster  out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Drafted—  disch.   June    13,    1865. 
Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 
28,    1865. 
Drafted  —  wounded   at   SpottsylvaniaC. 
H.,  May  10,   1864.    Disch.  July  15, 
1865. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865—  Vet. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  23, 
1865. 
Drafted—  deserted   July   25,    1865. 
Deserted    May    16,    1864—  Vet. 
Died  Sept.  18,  1862—  buried  in  Military 
Asylum  Cemetery,  D.  C. 
Transferred  to  company   D  —  date   un 
known. 
Died  May  10,  1862  —  buried  in  Cypress 
Hill    Cemetry,    Long    Island. 
Not    on    muster-out    roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Anstis,  Edmund  
Anderson,  Richards.... 
Alexander.Edward  .... 

Burns,  Francis,  
Boyd,  James  
Bunsher,  Frank  

Berre,  Michael  
Brooks,  George,  

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Sept. 
Oct. 
July 
Aug. 

Dec. 

July 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
July 
July 

July 

Dec. 

Aug. 
Sept. 

July 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

9,  1864 
8,  1864 
•14,  1863 
18,  1863 

1,  1863 

29,  1863 
4,  1861 

4,  1861 

4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
16,  1863 
9,  1863 

21,  1863 

21,  1863 
1,  1861 
26,  1864 

16,  1863 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

Berger,  George,  

.Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Barnett,  Robert,  
Burrows,  George,  

Best,  Thomas,. 

Bowen,  Weston,  
Christ,  Michael,.. 

Connelly,  Gottfried,.  .  . 
Colters,  Theo.  H.,  .  .  .  . 

Crush,  Adam,  
Campbell,  John,  
Coleman,  Samuel  J.,  .  . 
Cole,  David,.. 

Champion,  John  L.  .  .  . 
Chantler,  William  

Cordell,  John  B.,  
Clark,  James,  

Conolin,  John,  
Crainor,  Lewis,. 

PENNSYL  VAN  I  A     VO  LUN  TEE  RS 


193 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

i  TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Charles,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.   D  —  date  unknown 

—Vet. 

Donohue,  Hugh, 

Private. 

Aug. 

1,   1861 

3    M^ustered  out  with  company    June  29 

*  *"&• 

1865—  Vet. 

Davidson,  Williamk.  .      Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded,  at  expiration  of  term. 

Dufl,  George,  Private. 

Aug. 

12,  1864 

1 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  June  25, 

1865. 

Dow  den,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  D  —  date  un 

known. 

Drapier,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Davidson,  Daniel,  .....  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate 

1 

Jan.    17,    1862. 

Dougherty,  John,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Dunlap,  Archibald,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1.  1861 

3    Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Eckenroad,  Frank,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

11,  1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Eckenroad,  Wm.,  

.Private. 

July 

11,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Eaton,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3    Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Edmonson,  Owen,  .... 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira- 

tion  of  term. 

Evans,  Jeremiah,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Eichberg,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

19,  1864 

1 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  June  20, 

1865. 

Echenroad,  James,  .... 

.Private. 

July 

11,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged     by     sentence     of 

General  Court  Martial  —  date  unknown 

Eckey,  Robert,. 

Private 

Oct. 

31,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Oct,  31,  1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Fox,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

9,  1864 

3 

Msutered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Fielding,  Amos,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  withut  leave,  at  muster  out  — 

Vet. 

Franklin,  Benj.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Fields,  Watson,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1863 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Fields,  Enoch,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Fell,  George  W.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Gould,  Charles  M.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded  at  muster  out. 

Good,  William,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Vet.   Res.   Corps—  date 

unknown. 

Gibbs,  Charles  W.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Gallagher,  John, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Grimes,  Wm.  L  ,  . 

.  Private. 

Aue". 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Henderson,  Jos.  B.,.  .  . 

.Private.  Jan. 

19,  1864 

3 

Capt'd.    at   Wilderness,    May    6,    1864 

—  absent   at   mus.    out. 

Henderson,  Mathew,  .  .  .Private.  Feb. 

7,  1864 

3 

Absent,  on  furlough,  at  muster  out. 

Huston,  John,  

.Private.  Jan. 

28  ,1864 

3 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  July  17, 

1865. 

Harris,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Hunter,  David,  G.,.  .  .  .  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  without  leave,  at  expiration  of 

term. 

Hulmus,  George,  

.Private.1  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Heffner,  Michael,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Holmes,  James  R.,.  .  .  . 

.Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Hamilton,  Wm.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Hanlon,  Daniel,  

.  Private, 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

194 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  || 

REMARKS. 

Hall,  John,  
Hillman,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1, 
1, 

1861 
1861 

i 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Isett,  Thompson  B.,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Johnson,  John,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

25, 

1864 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Kessley,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Kidders,  Orville, 

.  Private. 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Keller,  Simon,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Kirkland,  Andrew,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861  i  3 

Not  on  muster  out  roll. 

Kinney,  James,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Died  Oct.  25,   1862—  bu.  in  Mil.  Asy. 

Cem.,  D.  C. 

Kinney,  Perry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Lafferty,  James,  

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21, 

1863 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Lawson,  Archibald,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21, 

1863 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Latham,  Edward,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

29, 

1864 

3 

Absent,  without  leave,  at  muster  out. 

Levi,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

29, 

1864 

3 

Absent,   without  leave,   at  muster-out. 

Law,  Robert,  

.  Private, 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Vet.   Res.   Corps  —  d.Ue 

unknown. 

Lighthill,  J.  K.  P.,..  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Lewis,  George  W.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Oct.  31,  1864  —  expiration 

tion  of  term. 

Leesh,  John,  

.  Private. 

Jan. 

15, 

1864 

3 

Deserted   May    16,    1864. 

Lefever,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Lambaugh,  James,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company   D  —  date  un 

known. 

Marks,  Aaron,  

.  Private. 

July 

14. 

1863    3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Merriman,  Thomas,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Merriman,  William,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Absent,  sick  at  muster  out  —  Vet. 

Mathews,  Joseph  .  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with   Co.,   June 

28,  1865. 

Miller,  Charles,  F.,  Private. 

Jan. 

1, 

1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  Companv,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Metzgar,  Joseph,  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Morrow,  John,  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded,  at  expiration  of  term. 

Miller,  James,  Private. 

Sept. 

15, 

1862 

3 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  June  28, 

1865. 

Mushett,  Robert,  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Marshall,  Robert,  !  .  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Morrison,  Thomas  j  .  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Transferred     to     Co.  —  date     unknown. 

—Vet. 

M'Elroy,  William,  .  .  .  .  .  Private. 

July 

14, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,     without     leave,     at 

muster  out. 

M'Carty,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7, 

1861 

3    Absent,  sick,  at  muster-out. 

M'Mannus,  Francis,  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

M'Collum,  William,..  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3    Discharged  1862,  for  wds.  rec.  at  Fair 

Oaks,   Va. 

Newman,  George,  

.Private. 

Jan. 

29, 

1864 

3  i  Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Niellis,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1, 

1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS 


195 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  1 

REMARKS. 

Nolder,  James,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Nolder  Samuel 

Private 

Aug 

1,  1861    3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

*•"&  . 

Mar.  24,  1863. 

O'Hanlon,  Daniel,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Absent,  wounded,  at  expiration  of  term. 

O'Donnell,  James,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Richmond,  Va.  —  date  unknown. 

O'Brien,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company   D  —  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Parton,  George,  

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Parker,  Harrison,  

.  Private. 

July 

16,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Pile,  Emanuel,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Powers,  David  H.,.  .  .  . 

Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1863 

3 

Deserted    May    16,     1864—  Vet. 

Peach,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll.  —  Vet. 

Roseberg,  Peter,  B.,..  . 

.Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1863 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Roberts,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,  sick,  at  muster  out. 

Robinson,  John  T.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1863 

3 

Captured  May  14,  1864  —  ab.  at  muster 

out  —  Vet. 

Roberts,  Robert,. 

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1863 

3 

Captured  May  14,  1864  —  ab.  at  muster 

out—  Vet. 

Rinehart,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

12,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged    by     G.   O.,   June 

20,  1865. 

Ross,  William,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

8,  1864 

3 

Disch.     on     Surgon's     certificate  —  date 

unknown. 

Ross,  James  A.,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

15,  1864 

3 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  May  13, 

1865. 

Rhodes,  Charles  H.,... 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred    to    Company    C.    January 

28,  1862. 

Scott,  James  B.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

8,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Schnider,  Tohn  W 

.  Private. 

Dec. 

21,  1863 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Spoonhow,  James  .... 

.Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,  without  leave,  at  mus 

ter  out. 

Snyder,  Charles  W...... 

.  Private. 

Jan. 

28,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June    28, 

1865.—  Vet. 

Stevens,  Benjamin,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

July 

17,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Stoughton,  Silas,  

.Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

Smith,  Gottlieb,  Private. 

July 

29,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,     without     leave,     at 

muster   out. 

Shide,  Peter,  

.  Private. 

July 

15,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  absent,     without     leave,     at 

muster  out. 

Shrepp,  Henry,  

.Private. 

July 

22,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  discharged    by    G.    O.,    June 

15,  1865. 

Strohm,  William  

.Private. 

Jan. 

19,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

2865. 

Solar,  Jacob, 

.  Private. 

Jan 
0,11. 

5,  1864 

3 

Captured    May     15,     1864  —  absent    at 

muster  out. 

Spear,  John  S.,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

8,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,    June  28, 

1865. 

196 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Swain,  Morris  S.,  
Spielman,  George,  .... 
Storms  Michael 

.  Private. 
.  Private 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Oct. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
July 
Dec. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
July 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

July 
Dec. 
Feb. 
Nov. 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Dec. 
Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

Dec. 
Aug. 

28,  1864 
17,  1864 
28,  1862 
14,  1863 
21,  1863 
19,  1863 
4,  1861 

19,  1863 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 
14,  1863 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 
1,  1861 

14,  1863 
21,  1863 
1,  1864 
14,  1864 
16,  1863 
1,  1861 
16,  1863 

21,  1863 
1,  1861 

1,  1861 
17,  1864 

21,  1863 
1,  1861 

CO  CO  COCO  COCO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  COCO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  l—i 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 
1865. 
Discharged    by    General    Order,    June 
25,  1865. 
Discharged  by  General  Order,  June  25, 
1865. 
Drafted  —  disch.  on  Surgeon's  certificate 
—  date  unknown, 
Disch,    on    Suregon's    certificate  —  date 
unknown. 
Wd.  in  action—  tr.  to  V.  R.   C.—  date 
unknown. 
Promoted  to  2d.  Lt.  Co.  F.  Jan.  8,  1865 
—Vet. 
Died   at   Philadelphia  —  date   unknown. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Died  February   14,    1862. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Died  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  17,  1862. 
Drafted  —  wounded  at  Wilderness,  May 
5,    1864—  discharged,   Sept.   5,    1865. 
Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 
tion  of  term. 
Captured  May  6,  1864  —  died  at  Ander- 
sonville,  Ga.,  Aug.  31st,  1864  —  grave 
7,409. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Transferred  to  Co    D  —  date  un-known 
—Vet. 
Died    December    17,    1861. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Transferred  to   Co.   D  —  date   unknown 
—  Vet.- 
Drafted  —  wd.  July  18,  1864—  absent  at 
mus.  out. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865—  Vet. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865. 
Drafted  —  discharged    by    G.    O.,    Sept. 
25,  1865. 
Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 
of  term. 
Drafted  —  discharged    by    G.    O.,    June 
5,    1865. 
Deserted  August,  3,  1864—  Vet. 
Died  July  1,  1862—  bu.  in  Cypress  Hill 
Cem.,    L.    I. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Discharged  bv  General  Order,  June  20, 
1865. 
Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865—  Vet. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Smith,  Samuel  S.,  
Stohl,  Charles,  
Steward,  Daniel,  
Seiler,  Augustus  R.,.  .  . 
Schonberger,  C  , 

Stewart,  James  S.,  .  .  .  . 
Stewart,  Samuel,  
Sample,  John  S.,. 

Shan,  Lebias  A.,. 

Stiteler,  Samuel  E.,  .  . 
Sissler,  William,  
Taylor,  John  S.,  . 

Thoburn,  James,  
Thorpe,  Levi,  

.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Private. 
Private. 

Tate,  Robert,  
Thompson,  Rob't.  M.  . 

Thorton,  Robert,  
Thomas,  Ira.,  
Tintsman,  Samuel,  

Wadsworth,  S.  J.,  

Wallace,  John,  
Woods,  James  J.,  
Walters,  Charles,  
Walters,  John,  

Worthington,  Wm...... 
Wallace,  Lewis  P.,  .... 

Whalley,  Thomas,  .... 
Wolf,  John,  

Wilson,  John, 

Wild,  Balthaser,  
Young,  Jonathan,  
Yates,  Thomas,  

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


197 


NOTE: — 

Capt.  Glenn  in  a  letter  to  the  Historian,  dated  May  5,  1908,  said,  "Capt.  Crawford  of 
Co.  E,  just  after  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  wrote, — 

"About  noon  on  Sautrday  the  rebels  hove  in  sight, 

Their  courage  raised  by  whiskey  they  thought  to  give  us  fight, 

But  they  soon  found  out  that  fighting  was  a  game  that  two  could  play 

And  the  rebels  did  the  running  on  the  31st  of  May." 


COMPANY  F. 
RECRUITED  AT  PITTSBURGH. 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

t 

REMARKS. 

Isaac  Wright,  
Charles  H.  Bryson,  .  .  . 

.  .Capt... 
..Capt... 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3    Resigned   January    30,    1862. 
3  i  Resigned  Nov.  27,    1862. 

Wm.  H.  Rodgers,  

..Capt... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Pr.  to  1st.  Lt.  Nov.  27,  1862  —  to  Capt. 

Sept.    12,    1863—  mus.   out,   Sept.   7, 

1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Charles  M.  Cyphers,... 

..Capt... 

vSept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Lieut.  Co.  D.,  Jan. 

6,   1865  —  disch.   on  Surgeon's    certi 

ficate,  May  15,  1865. 

Matthew  C.  Steele,  .  .  . 

.  1st.  Lt. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Resigned  Oct.  14,  1862. 

George  B.  M'Kee,  .  .  .. 

.  1st.  Lt. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  fr.  1st.  Sgt.  to  2d.  Lt.  —  to  1st. 

Lt.  Sept.  12,  1863  —  Mus.  out,  Sept.  7, 

1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Edw'd.  R.  Robinson... 

..1st.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pr.  fr.  Cor.  Co.  A.  to  1st.  Sgt.  Nov.  1, 

1864  —  to  1st.  Lt.  Jan.  8,  1865  —  com. 

Capt.,  May  16,  1865—  not  mus.   out 

with  Co.,  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

William  Young,  

..2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Resigned  Nov.  31,  1861. 

Wilt  Rippey,  

..2d.  Lt.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Resigned    Dec.    25,    1862. 

Albert  Reeder,  

..2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted   from    1st.    Sgt.    to   2d.    Lt., 

resigned  Sept.   12,    1863  —  March  24, 

1864. 

Albert  Reeder,  

..2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted   from    1st.    Sgt.    to   2d     Lt., 

Sept.   12,   1863—  resigned  March  24, 

1864. 

John  Caldwell  

..2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  fr.  Sgt.  Maj.  to  2d.  Lt.,  April 

19,  1864—  Disch.  Oct.,  1864,  for  wound 

rec.  July  12,  1864. 

Augustus  R.  Seller,  .  .  . 

..2d.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  priv.  Co.  E.  to  2d.  Lieut., 

Jan.  8,   1865—  to  1st.  Lt.  and  Adj., 

Apr.  6,  1865—  Vet. 

George  P.  Barnes,  .... 

..2d.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Pr.  fr.  priv.  Co.  D.  to  Sgt.,  Nov.  1,  1864 

—  to  2d.  Lt.,  Apr.  6,  1865  —  com.  1st. 

Lt.    May   16,   1865  —  not  mus.  —  mus. 

out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865  —  Vet. 

William  H.  Puillips,... 

.1st.  Sgt. 

Mar. 

27,  1864 

3 

Pr.  fr.  Cor.  Co.  D.  to  Sgt.,  Nov.  1,  1864 

—  to    1st.    Sgt.,   Apr.   6,    1865  —  com. 

2dLt.  May  16,  1865  —  not  mus.  —  mus. 

out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

James  S.  M'Elroy,..  .  . 

.1st.  Sgt. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company  G.,  Nov.  1,  1864 

—Vet. 

George  Garvin,. 

.  Serg't  . 

Sent 

4,  1861 

Q 

Promoted    from     Corporal    Co.    C.,    to 

vJCpt. 

o 

Serg't.,  Nov.  1,  1864  —  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865,—  Vet. 

David  H.  Davis,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Pr.  fr.  priv.  Co.  A.,  to  Cor.,  Nov.  1,  1864 

—  to  Sgt.,  Jan.  8,  1865  —  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865  —  yet. 

198 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

i 

i 

r 

REMARKS. 

Kinsley  Stephens,  .... 

.Serg't..  July 

30,  1863 

3 

,Sub.  —  pr.  fr.  priv.  Co.  B.  to  Cor.,  Nov 

1,  1864—  to  Sgt.,  Apr.  6,  1865,—  mus. 

out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

David  A.  Carr,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

William  A.  Allison,.... 

.Serg't. 

Sept. 

2,  1862 

3    Discharged  by  General  Order,  Tune  20 
1865. 

James  Calhoun,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3    Killed,  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31 
1862. 

George  Borland,  

..Corp... 

July 

14,  1863 

3    Drafted  —  promoted   to   Corp.    Nov.    1, 

1,    1864,  —  mus.    out   with    Co.,    Tune 

28,  1865. 

Wesley  A.  Young, 

..Corp... 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1    Substitute  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  Nov. 
1,  1864  —  mustered  out  with  Company, 

June  28,  1865. 

Andrew  Voegtly,...  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

July 

14,  1863 

3    Drafted  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  April 

6,  1865  —  mustered  out  with  company, 

June  28,  1865. 

Geo.  S.  Blanset  

..Corp... 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  promoted  to  Corporal,  June 

21,  1865  —  mustered  out  with  company 

June  28,  1865. 

Lewis  Vosler,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corporal,  May  6,  1864  — 

absent,  wd.,     at  expiration  of  term. 

James  Milligan,  

..Corp..: 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Captured     October     11,     1863  —  absent 

at  mus.  out. 

Frank  L.  Blair,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Prisoner  from  May  6,  to  Nov.  19,  1864 

—  mustered  out,  January  18,  1865  — 

expiration  of  term. 

William  Miller 

Corn 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G  O     Tune  20 

1865. 

George  Armer,  

..Corp... 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1    Substitute  —  discharged  by   G.  O.,  June 

2,  1865. 

Jonas  M.  Cook,  

.  .Corp..  . 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Giles  Leonard 

Corn 

Sept. 

20,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Bowers  L.  Hunter,.  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Robert  Kennedy,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll  —  Vet. 

John  B.  Findley,  

Musician 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Alexander  Graham,  .  .  . 

Musician 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company   C  —  date   un 

known  —  Vet. 

Allison,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  absent,  on  furlough  at  muster 

out. 

Andrews,  Martin  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Adams,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Jan. 

10,  1862. 

Adams,  William  A.,..  . 

.  Private. 

Nov. 

6,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Mar 

22,  1863. 

Aughenbaugh,  Jno.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Philadelphia,  Jan.  30,  1864  —  Vet. 

Baker,  James,. 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Bittner,  Cyrus  M...... 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Barnhart,  William,.  .  .  . 

Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


199 


NAME. 

RANK. 

1 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

n 

a 

r 

REMARKS. 

Barnet,  Jeremiah  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Oct. 
Aug. 

26,  1864 
1,  1861 

i 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.  June  28 
1865. 
Mstered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

Bowman,  Joseph,  

of  term. 

Beal,  John  S.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1    Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Barrone,  Harman,  .... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

17,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Bittner,  Elias  F.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864    1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Bowman,  Mathias,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864    1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Burgess,  Harrison,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Brant,  George  D.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  May 

26,  1865. 

Benedict,  John  R.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

30,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  died  June  17,  1865  —  burried 

in  National  Cemetery,  Arlington,  Va. 

Brooks,  Oliver,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  July  11,  1862,  of  wounds  received 

at  Fair  Oaks,  Virginia,  May  31,  1862. 

Baker,  Jonathan,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  June  30,  1862,  of  wounds  received 

in  action. 

Bendy,  John  H., 

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Malvern  Hill,  Va.,  July  1,  1862. 

Briceland,  Thomas,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

*•"•&  . 
Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  March  9, 

1862  —  buried     in     Military    Asylum 

Cemetaery,  D.  C. 

Baird,  John, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  '1861 

3 

Transferred  ,  to    Company    K,    March 

•  *•  *-*o  • 

1,     1862. 

Brown,  John,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  Sept.  21,  1862. 

Buzzard,  Benjamin,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  Nov.  22,  1861. 

Cable,  Joseph,  

Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Cook,  Adam,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Coons,  Charles  E.,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1864 

1 

Absent,  sick,  at  expiration  of  term. 

Carey,  Samuel,. 

Private. 

Sept. 

27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

*-**-¥  *-• 

20,  1865. 

Crane,  George,  

Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Close,  Levi,  

Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

V-/^J-/».  * 

1865. 

Carter,  Cyrus,  

Private.  Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Cavanah,  Samuel,  .... 

Private.  Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Cotter,  John  H.,.  ..      .  j  Private  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  wds.  rec.  at  Fair    Oaks,  May 

31,  1862. 

Campbell,  William,  ....  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,Mar. 

23,  1862. 

Chalfant,  Wm.  F.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  October  19,  1863,  for  wounds 

received  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  May 

3,  1863. 

Clark,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged    on    Surgeon's    certificate, 

Mar.  23,  1862. 

Cotter,  Edward,  A.,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Courter,  John  H.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

0 

Missing  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,   1862. 

Cuckler,  Clark,. 

.  Private.  'A  11?. 

1,  1861    2 

Deserted  October,  17,  1863. 

Clark,  Peter,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted  November  15,  1864 

200 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Cotter,  William  A.,..  . 
Delaney,  Peter,  

.  Private.  Aug. 
.Private.;  Aug. 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll.  —  Vet. 
Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Feb. 

12,  1863. 

Dickson,  Thomas,  .... 

.Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Jan. 

28,  1863. 

Durkin,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

25,  1861 

3 

Discharged  —  date  unknown. 

Deal,  Simon  H.,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

28,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out     with    Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Eberhart,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Fitzmorris,  Wm.  A.,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Jan. 

15,  1863. 

Fritman,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  May  16,  1863. 

Fisher,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  May  26,  1862. 

Fabre,  Jules,  

.Private. 

Oct. 

25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted  Nov.    15,   1864. 

Frazer,  William, 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted     Nov.    15,    1864. 

Gindlesparger  Jos.,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Oct. 

28,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Greenwood,  James,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,   Sept.   7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Gallaher,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred    to    Vet.    Reserve    Corps, 

Sept.  16,  1863. 

Gross,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  June  12,  1863. 

Gross,  Cyrus,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  July  2,  1863. 

Green,  Samuel 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

•*  *•*•*&• 

Nov.  28,   1862. 

Hass,  Philip,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

Hammond,  Charles,... 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

24,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Hallett,  George,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

24,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  wounded  Mar.  27,   1865  — 

discharged  by  General  Order,  Sept.  12, 

1865. 

Himes,  Peter,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Haverly,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

27,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Hoffman,  George,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Hostetler,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

27,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865 

—  burial  recodr,  died  June  22,  1865  — 

buried  at  Alexandria,  Va.  grave  3,253. 

Hoobler,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  August  14,  1862,  for  wounds 

received  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862. 

Hilkirk,  Anson,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  July 

15,  1863. 

Huling,  John  S.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

Mar.  23,  1862. 

Hanson,  John,. 

.  Private. 

Ausr 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  June  8,  1862,  of  wds.  rec.  at  Fair 

«&U£» 

Oaks,  Va.,    May    31,    1862—  bu.    at 

Fortress    Monroe,  Va., 

Haffner,  Adam, 

.  Private. 

Sept 

26    1864 

1 

Drafted  —  deserted  November  15,  1864. 

Heblan,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

21,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  deserted  November  15,  1864. 

Hallett,  William,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted  October,  1864. 

Huskin,  Malcolm,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  C—  date  un 

known  —  Vet. 

Ingham,  Henry  B.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

20,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20 

1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


201 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

en 

> 

REMARKS. 

Ingham,  Stephen  T.,... 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

29,  1865 

1 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  June  16, 
1865. 

July,  Solomon,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

20,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Keifer,  David,,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

20.  1864 

3 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.  June 

20,  1865. 

Kane,  Patrick,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged    on    Surgeon's    certificate, 

Mar.  23,  1862. 

Krusia,  Detrick 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31.  1862. 

Kennedy,  James, 

Private 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred   to  company   C  —  date   un 

known. 

Lepley,  Christian,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co 

June  28,  1865. 

Lenhart,  David,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

20,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Lindsay,  John  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred    to    Company    K,    March 

15,  1862. 

Long,  James 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Killed     accidentally,     Dec.     24,     1864. 

Buried  at  Petersburg. 

Little,  John  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died   at   White   House,    Va.,   June    14, 

1862,  of  wds.  received  at  Fair  Oaks, 

Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Leech,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  February  4,   1862. 

Miller,  John  H., 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitjte  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Miller,  Samuel  W.,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Mondan,  Edmond,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

Murphy,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Jan. 

28,  1865 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Miller,  Wm.  H.,  

Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  disch.  on  Surg.  cert  ,    May 

15,  1865. 

Mangus,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

M'Laughlin,  W.  H.,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  sick,  at  expiration  of  term. 

M'Millian,  William,... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

Jan.  26,  1863. 

M'  Donald,  James,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

Sept.  26,  1862. 

M'Cullough,  James,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  May  7,  1864,  of  wounds  received  at 

wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

M'Killup,  J.  E.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  July  14,  1862, 

of  wounds  received  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va., 

May  31,  1862. 

M'Cartney,  Dennis,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

M'Nally,  Anthony,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

15,  1863 

3 

Transferred    from    company    H,    30th 

Wis.    Vols.  —  discharged    by    G.    O., 

Sept.   12,  1865. 

Otto,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged   by   G.    O.,    June 

20,  1865. 

O'Brien,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  July  5,  1862,  of 

wounds    received    at    Fair    Oaks,    Va., 

May  31    1862. 

Oakes,  John,  . 

.  Private. 

AUK 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  November  11,  1861. 

Owens,  Edmond,  

.  Private. 

•**•*•*&• 
Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company   C  —  date   un 

known  —  Vet. 

O'  Conner,  Cornelius,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred   to  companyC  —  date   un 

known  —  Vet. 

202 


SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

00 

I 

REMARKS. 

Pifer,  Christopher,..  .  . 
Pryor,  John, 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Aug. 
Auff. 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 
3 

Absent,  sick,  at  expiration  of  term. 
Discharged  August  12   1864  for  wounds 

received  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862. 

Pomeroy,  Rich'd.  C.,.- 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  Sept.  2,   1862,  for  wounds 

received^at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862. 

Quinn   Peter  F.,. 

.  Private.  Oct. 

26,  1864 

I 

Substitute  —  deserted    Nov.     15,     1864. 

Rodgers,  Isaiah, 

.  Private.  Oct. 

26,  1864 

I 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co 

June  28,   1865. 

Reiber,  George,. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

I 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G    O     June 

28,  1865. 

Rosengratz,  Rufus,...  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

20,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  Sept. 

30,  1865. 

Reitz,  John..W  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company  K,  March  15, 

1862. 

Rodgers,  Thomas,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Discharged     on    Surgeon's     certificate, 

Nov.  8,  1861. 

Rawleings,  Alfred,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Rudgway,  J.  C.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded,  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862— 

deserted  —  date    unknown. 

Rought,  Ebenezer  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  deserted  February  2,  1865. 

Stanton,  Alfred  T.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

Sutter,  Samuel  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

25,  1864 

I 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co 

June  28,   1865. 

Snell,  William,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Seibert,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Absent,  wounded,  at  expiration  of  term. 

Sullivan,  Michael,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Simms,  David  I/  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Smith,  William  H.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Sept.,  1862. 

Stephens,  Rexford,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Shoemaker,  Wm.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Story,  Philander,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Sweet,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Stark,   Summers,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

30,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June 

20,  1865. 

Sarver  John 

Private. 

Sept 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

V-M-^L.. 

j. 

1865. 

Swank,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

28,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Swindles,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  May  13,  1864,  of  wounds  received 

at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May  12,  1864. 

Sprout,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed    at    Fair    Oaks,    Va.,    May   31, 

1862. 

Seville,  Joseph,  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed.     May  6,   1864.     Battle   of  the 

Wilderness. 

Silk,  Thomas  

Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died    at    Richmond,    Va.,    of    wounds 

received  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


203 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO   SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

Stevens,  Lea  W.,  

.  Private.  ;Aug.       1,  1864 

3 

Died  Aug.  23,  1864—  buried  in  National 

Cemetery,    Arlington,    Va.  —  Vet. 

Tersine,  Sebastian,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  discharged     on     Surgeon's 

certificate,  May  11,  1865. 

Tressler,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20 

1865. 

Taylor,  Harvey  B.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept.     27,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O*  June  20 

1865. 

Tanhart,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted  —  date   unknown  . 

Tobias,  Jackson,  

.Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute-—  deserted  Nov.  15,  1864. 

Tobin,  Michael,  

.  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Died  Jan.  24,  1863—  bu.  in  Cypress  Hill 

Cem.,  L.  I. 

Tammy,  William  

.  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  December  27,  1862. 

Upcraf  t,  Thomas,  

.Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Upcraft,  John,  

.Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862  —  transferred    to    Vet.    Reserve 

Corps,  Dec.  18,  1863. 

Victoria,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company  K,  March  15, 

1862. 

Vickers,  John  W.,  

.  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Discharged    on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

May,  1862. 

Wagner,  John,.. 

.  Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with      Co 

June  28,  1865. 

Williams,  John,. 

.  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Wigley,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug.       1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Whitten,  Robert,  D.,.. 

.Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Will,  Norman  B.,  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Wilt,  Dennis,.. 

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Warren,  William,  

.  Private.  Sept.     20,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

We  y  man,  Peter  R.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug.       1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  March  12,  1863,  for  wounds 

received  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Weston,  Charles,  

.Private. 

Aug.       1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Walker,  John...W  

.  Private.  Aug.        1,  18611  3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Wolfgang,  Wendell,  .  .  . 

.Private.'  Aug.        1,  1861  1  3 

Died  December  1,  1861. 

Walker,  Willliam,  I  .  Private.;  Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Ward,  Andrew  J.,  

.Private. 

Aug.       1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  March  13,  1863. 

Woods,  Moses,  .               .  Private. 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Deserted  October  9,  1861. 

Widdins,  Cyrus,  .  Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute—  deserted  April  21,   1865. 

Yanler,  Absalon,  !  .  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

Yoder,  Levi  J.,  

.Private. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

1865. 
Substitute  —  discharged      by        General 

. 

Order,  June  15,   1865. 

Yamer,  Adam,  

.Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged    by    G.    O.,    Oct. 

6,    1865 

Zearfass,  Jacob. 

.Private. 

Oct.      20,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Zimmerman,  Ab'm  

.  Private.  Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June,20 

1865. 

j 

204 


SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 


COMPANY  G. 
RECRUITED  IN  PHILADELPHIA 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE 
INTO 

OF  MUSTER 
SERVICE. 

T 

REMARKS. 

John  W.  Crosby,  . 

Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Major,  April  22,  1864. 

Wm.  M.  Dawson,  

..Capt... 

Nov. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from2d.   to   1st.   Lieutenant, 

Dec.  8,  1862—  to  Captain,  April  22, 

1864—  discharged  July  5,  1864,forwds. 

• 

rec.  at  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864. 

Vincent  P.  Donnelly  .  . 

..Capt... 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d.   Lieutenant,    Dec.  8, 

1862—  to    1st   Lieutenant,    April   22, 

1864  —  to    Captain,    July    6,    1864  — 

mus.     out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  exp.    of 

term. 

John  Barrett,  

..Capt... 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d.  Lieutenant,  April  22, 

1864  —  to  1st.  Lieutenant,  Aug.  5,  1864 

—to  Captain,   Sept.   5,    1864—  killed 

Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1864. 

Charles  H.  Bewley,  .  .  . 

..Capt... 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  2d.  Lieutenant  Co.  E, 

to  Captain,  Dec.  18,  1864  —  to  brevet 

Major,  April  2,  1865  —  Mustered  out 

with  Co.,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

Benj.  F.  Haldeman.  .  . 

.1st.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Resigned    December    8,    1862. 

George  K.  Lutz,  

.1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from   Q.  M.   Serg't.    to   1st. 

Lieut.,  Dec.  22,  1864—  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

Abram  Davis,  

..2d.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

22,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  Sergeant  to  2d.  Lieut 

enant,  Dec.  22,  1864  —  mus.  out  with 

Co.,  June  28,  1865—  Vet. 

Israel  Highill,  

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with    company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

James  S.  Evert  on,  .... 

1st.  Sgt.- 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Wm.  H.  Cochran,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Frank  M.  Patterson,.  . 

.Serg't.. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     co., 

June  28,   1865. 

James  S.  M'Elroy,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865—  Vet. 

Samuel  G.  Taylor  

.Serg't.. 

July. 

14,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,    1865. 

William  J.  Duffee,  

.  Serg't..  - 

Aug. 

13,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,  .Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

George  L.  Setman,.  .  .  . 

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Samuel  Clark  

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

John  M'Vay,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted    to    2d.    Lieutenant    Co.    E, 

Mar.  1,  1865. 

Ed.  W.  Lawrence,.... 

.  .Serg't. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Tr.  to  Co.  B,  23d.     reg.  P.  V.  —  date 

unknown. 

Charles  F.  Miller,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mot  on  muster-out  roll  —  Vet. 

James  H.  Young,  

..Corp... 

July 

13,  1863 

3 

Drafted  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June 

28,  1865. 

Isaiah  Weston,  

.  ..Corp.. 

July 

10,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Solomon  Lenhart,  

..Corp... 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


205 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

| 

REMARKS. 

Josiah  Hutzell,  

...Corp.. 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered    out    with     Co., 
June  28,  1865. 

Chauncy  F.  Huston,  .  . 

..Corp... 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Andrew  M'Clintock,  .  . 

..Corp... 

Oct.      26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,    1865. 

William  J.  Nimon  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered    out,    Sept.  7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

John  Gevard, 

Corp.. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,  1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term 

David  Williams,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered    out    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion    of    term. 

Edward  O'Kane,.. 

.Corp.. 

Aug.       4,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration  of 

.     .-V^V/A  J^.  .    . 

term. 

James  M'Comb,  

..Corp... 

Aug.      13,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term 

Andrew  J.  Spangler  .  . 

..Corp... 

Sept.     26,   1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Zalman  Holiday,  

..Corp... 

Sept.     26,   1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

George  Sharpe,  

..Corp... 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  died  at  City  Point,  Va.,  Feb. 

19,  1865. 

George  Stahl,  

..Corp... 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  died  at  City  Point,  Va.,  March 

3,  1865. 

George  W.  Gordon,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Wilderness  —  date  unknown  — 

buried  in  Wilderness  burial  grounds. 

George  Mehaffy,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  date  unknown. 

James  Stine,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Joseph  Walker,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Died  —  date    unknown. 

Joseph  Weston,.  ...... 

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Disch.    on    Surg.    certificate  —  date    un 

known. 

John  O'Connor,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Daniel  A.  Fisher,  

Musician 

Feb.      16,  1864 

3 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 

1865. 

Peter  Pritty,  

Musician 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  20, 

1865. 

Henry  Bowie,  

Musician 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

William  Watt,  

Musician 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not   on   muster-out   roll. 

Ansil,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged    by    G.    O.,    May 

26,  1865. 

Armstrong,  Wm.,  

.Private. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Alfred,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted    June    5,     1865  — 

discharged    by    special    order,    Sept. 

28,    1865. 

Blakely,  Charles  A...... 

.  Private. 

July      21,  1863 

3 

Substitute  —  mustered     out    with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

Burnhart,  William,...  . 

.Private. 

Oct.      25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Benford,  John  

.Private. 

Oct.      25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,   1865. 

Bracht,  Valentine,  .... 

.  Private. 

Oct.      25,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 

June  28,  1865. 

Buroughs,  A.  J.,.   ... 

.Private. 

Oct.      27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  ab.,  on  detached  duty,   at 

mus.  out. 

Bradley,  Partick,  

.Private. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Braddigan,  Sam'l.  D.,  . 

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1865 

1 

Drafted  —  discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  19, 

1865. 

Betz,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Brandt,  Josiah,  J.,  

.  Private. 

Sept.     26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

206 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Baker,  Edward  W.,  .  .  . 
Bastine,  Jacob,  
Bennett,  Henry,  
Blake,  John,  
Boise,  Michael,  
Beath,  Robert,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
Private 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Oct. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

July 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 

26,  1864 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 

4,  1861 
20,  1864 

4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
25,  1864 

5,  1864 

26,  1864 
26,  1864 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
26,  1864 
26,  1864 
3,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
26,  1864 
4,  1861 

4,  1861 
26,  1864 
19,  1864 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
26  1864, 

25,  1864 

4,  1861 
30,  1864 
4,  1861 
4,  1861 
25,  1864 
4,  1861 
30,  1864 
30,  1864 
29,  1864 

1 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 
1 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
1 

o 

1 
1 
3 
3 
3 
1 
1 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
1 
3 

3 
1 
1 
3 
3 
1 

1 

3 
1 
3 
3 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 

Died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  26,  1865. 
Deserted  —  date    unknown. 
Not   on   muster-out   roll. 
Not    on    muster-out    roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date    unknown, 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Mustered  out,  Sept.  7.  1864  —  expir.  of 
of  term. 
Mustered  out  Sept.  5,  1864  —  expiration 
of  term. 
Sub.  —  killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  March 
27,    1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Disch.   on  Surg.   cert.  —  date   unknown. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 
1865. 
Drafted  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 
1865. 
Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Sub.—  must,  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out,  Sept.  7.  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 
Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Sub.  —  disch.  by  G.  O.,  —  date  unknown. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster  out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date  unknown. 
Disch     on  Surg.    cert.  —  date  unknown. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Wounded  at  Wilderness,   Va.,   May  6, 
1864  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 
June  28,   1865. 
Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 
June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out.  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O..  June  20,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Drafted—  died  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  Jan. 
16,    1865. 

Bradley,  Peter,  
Bastine,  Jerome,. 

Barnett,  Robert,. 

Caron,  Louis  F.,. 

Cooper,  William  B.,..  . 
Coffman,  Jonas, 

Cooper,  Dallas  J.,  
Cummings,  John  T.,  .  . 
Connelly,  Francis,  .... 
Clinghasen,  Henry,  .  .  . 
Crouthers,  Mathew,..  . 
Davis,  John  M.,. 

Davis,  Enos, 

Delansey,  John  O.,  
Daniels,  Joseph  W.,.  .  . 
Dye,  Thomas,.  . 

Dunn,  William,  J.,.  .  .  . 
Donley,  Joseph  P.,.  .  . 
Daniels,  Jackson,  
Deetz,  David,  
Donohue,  Hugh,. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
Private. 

Donohue,  James,  
Dunbar,  David,  
Dyer,  Louis,  
Duross,  James,  
Eicher,  M.  H.,  
Eastwick,  Theodore,  .  . 

Ezans,  Andrew,  G.,  .  .  . 
Fredline,  Daniel  B.,.  .  . 
Fessler,  George  H.,...  . 
Fleming,  William  J.,  .  . 
Fallowfield,  Charles,  .  . 
Garrowz,  Zurich,  

Gesner,  Henry,. 

.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Gaul,  Thomas,  
Geary,  Jonas,  
Genaire,  Philip  
Gorman,  Daniel  W.,... 
Hoyle,  Amos,  
Hoyendogler,  S.  J.,...  . 
Hazen,  John,  
Hoss,  John,  
Hellrigle,  Jacob,  .  . 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


207 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

CO 

REMARKS. 

Hursch,  Jacob,  
Harris,  Robert,  
Harris,  Joseph,  
Hickman,  Job.  B., 

Iron,  Matthias,  
Jacobs,  Herman,. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.Private. 

.Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private, 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 

Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

Sept. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

Oct. 
Sept. 

26, 
4, 
4, 
4, 

25, 
4, 
4, 
25, 
24, 
26, 
27, 
4, 
25, 
25, 
4, 

4, 

4, 

28, 
26, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
26, 

4, 

4, 
4, 
27, 
4, 
5, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
26, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
26, 
4, 
4, 
29, 
26, 
26, 
28, 
26, 

25, 
4, 

1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 

1864 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1861 
1864 
1864 
1861 

1861 

1861 

1864 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 

1861 

1861 
1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1861 
1861 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1864 
1864 

1864 
1861 

1 

3 
3 
3 

1 
3 
3 

3 
3 

3 

1 
1 
3 
3 
3 
1 

3 

3 
3 
1 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
1 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
1 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
I 

1 
3 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Mot  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not   on   muster-out   roll. 
Transferred     to  23d.  reg.   P.  V.—  date 
unknown. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date    unknown. 
Sub,  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Substitute—  deserted    October,    1864. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  July  10,   1865. 
Sub.—  mus   out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Wd.  May  6,  1864  —  ab.  in  hos.,  at  exp. 
of  term. 
Prisoner  from  May  8,  to  Dec.  13,  1864— 
mustered  out,   December  18,   1864— 
expiration   of   term. 
Mustered  out,   Sept.   7,    1864—  exp.   of 
term. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co., 
June  28,  1865. 
Wounded  at  Spottsylvania,  C.  H.,  May 
12,   1864  —  ab.  at  expiration  of  term. 
Mus.  out  Spe.   7,   1864  —  exp.  of  ter.m 
Absent,  sick,  at  expiration  of  term. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1864. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  ou  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date  unknown, 
Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  28,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date  unknown. 
Disch.   on  Surg.   cert.  —  date  unknown. 
Deserted  —  date    unknown, 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Deserted  —  date   unknown, 
Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 
Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  Aug.  2,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 
Drafted—  discharged  by  S.   O.,   —  date 
unknown. 
Substitute—  deserted    October,    1864. 
Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Jones,  Thomas,. 

Kling,  Henry  L.,.. 

Kuble,  Emanuel,  
Keefer,  Adam  K.,  
Klim,  John,  
Kidders,  Oliver  C...... 
Landis,  William  H.,... 
Long,  John,  
Louther,  Charles,  

Lewis,  George  W.,  .... 
Layre,  Henry,  

Lape,  Joseph  W.,  

Lapley,  John  H., 

Litzenberger,  Jos.,  .... 
Lafferty,  James,  
Lawson,  John 

Moryer,  Josiah,  
Mullen,  George,  

Moore,  Edward,  
Madill,  George,  
Miller,  Thomas,  
Mehaffy,  John,  
Miller,  Herman,  
Myers,  Daniel,  
Morrow,  John  

Manor,  William,. 

M'Girk,  John  
M'Bride,  William. 

M'Bride,  Andrew,c.  .  . 
M'Nannaman,  Pat.,... 
M'Carty,  A.  H.,..  
M'Mahon,  E.  F,  
M'Clintock,  Joseph,.... 
M'Nichol,  John,  
Nicholson,  Robert,  
O'Kane,  Edward,  
O'Bryan,  John,  

Pile,  Hiram,.. 

Purdy,  William. 

Pritty,  John  
Pile,  Frank,. 

Phillippi,  P.  J.,  

Phelps,  Theodore,  
Pine,  Wm.  M.,  

208 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OP  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

** 

REMARKS. 

Reed,  Henry,.. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,   Srpt.    7,    1864  —  exp.   of 

V~FV'JKC* 

term. 

Russell,  Samuel,  

.  Private.  Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Rementer,  John  

.  Private.  I  Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  date   unknown. 

Stevens,  William,  .  Private.  Oct. 

29,  1864 

1 

Sub.—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Shay,  William,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1   [Substitute  —  mustered     out     with     Co.. 

June  28,  1865. 

Sufall,  William,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute—  disch.   by   G.   O.,  July   12, 

1865. 

Sailor,  Josiah,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Sub.—  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Schanlis,  Cyrus,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

26,  2864 

1 

Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Stermen,  Peter,  

.  Private. 

June 

4,  1864 

3 

Drafted  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865. 

Sperry,  Frederick  .... 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

21,  1864 

1 

Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Sobbee,  Walter,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded    July  12,  1864—  absent  at  exp 

iration  of  term. 

Sanner,  Levi,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Schwind,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

27,  1864 

1 

Sub.—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Schooley,  James  I.,  ... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  discharged    by  G.  O.,  June  28 

1865. 

Schooley,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

29,  1864 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  July  5,  1865. 

Spangler,  Aaron,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

Drafted  —  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  28,  1865. 

Smith,  Gustave,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

27,  1864 

Sub.  —  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,   1865. 

Snyder,  John  D.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

Drafted  —  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Sockel,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

29,  1865 

Sub.  —  disch.  by  G    O.  June  13,   1865. 

Strong,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

Substitute  —  deserted    October,    1864. 

Spangey,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

Drafted—  deserted  October,  1864. 

Smith,  James,  

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27,  1864 

Substitute  —  deserted    May    26,     1865. 

Sparks,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surg.  cert,  date  unknown. 

Showers,  Michael,  .... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Seiler,  Augustus,  R.,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transf.  to  Co.  E-,  date  unknown  —  Vet. 

Simpson,  Samuel  G.,  .  . 

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Smith,  Henry,. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  date    unknown. 

Townsend,  Ed.  C.,...  . 

.  Private. 

V-TV^^L. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Sub.—  must,  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Tresler,  Silas,  

.Private. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Sub.  —  mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28, 

1865. 

Tipton,  Noah,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

26,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Winder,  William, 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

30,  1864 

1 

Drafted—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June  20,  1865. 

Williams,  J., 

.  Private  . 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted    October,    1864. 

Waldron,  F.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Oct. 

27,  1864 

1 

Substitute  —  deserted     October,  1864. 

Watt,  David,  P.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  date  unknown. 

Williams,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Williams,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Welsh,  John,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Wright,  Charles  F.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  23d.   reg.    P.   V.,—  date 

unknown. 

Walker,  Samuel,. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  —  date  unknown. 

Yoder,  Tobias,  

.  Private. 

V-"~JV*,. 

Oct. 

26,  1864 

1 

Sub.  —  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  28,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUNTEERS 


209 


COMPANY  H. 
RECRUITED  AT  PHILADELPHIA. 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS.  | 

REMARKS. 

Robert  L.  Orr,  

..Capt...  Sept. 

7,  1861 

3 

O.  Co.  23rd.  P.  V.  —  Transferred  to  61st 
Mar.  1,  1862.     Major  Dec.  18,  1864. 

Lieutenant  Col  Mav  14,  1865.     Brev- 

etted  Major  U.  S.  Vols.  Sept.  22,  1864, 

for  gallant  and   meritorious   servises 

in  battles  of  Winchester  and  Fisher's 

. 

Hill,    Va.     Col.    Apr.    21,    1865    for 

gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 

assault  before  Petersburgh,  Va.  Award 

ed  a  medal  of  honor.     Died  Nov.  14, 

1894. 

Charles  S.  Greene,  

.1st.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

2,   1861 

3 

O.  Co.  23rd.  P.  V.  Transferred  to  61st 

P.  V.  Mar.   1st  1862.     Capt.  Co.  I, 

Oct.   7,    1862.     Lieut.   Col.   May   14, 

1865.     Mustered  out  June  28,   1865. 

Died   Mar.    25,    1903.     Wounded   at 

Winchester,  Va.  Sept.  19,  1864,  losing 

an  eye. 

George  W.  Wilson,..  .. 

.  .Adjt.  .  . 

Sept. 

2,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  1st.  Lt.  Co.  H.  to  Adjt., 

Mar.  11,  1863—  killed  at  Spottsylvania 

C.  H.,  May  8,  1864. 

Charles  H.  Clausen,... 

.1st.  Lt.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  A.  about  Dec.  1864. 

Promoted   to   Capt.,   date   unknown. 

Dangerously    wounded    at     Spottsyl 

vania  C.  H.,  May  12,  1864.     Disch. 

for  disability,  about  Feb.   1865. 

John  W.  Ryan,  

.2d.  Lt.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Sergeant  O.   Co.   23d.   P.  V.  —  1st  Sgt. 

Oct.  7,  1862,  to  2d.  Lt.  Nov.  22,  1863. 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania,  May  12, 

1864.     Mus.  out  Sept.  13,  1864. 

John  P.  Miller,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,   1864.     Mus.  out  Sept.  7,   1864. 

Thos.  J.  Perkins,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Killed    at    Wilderness,    May    6,    1864. 

buried  in  Wilderness  burial  ground. 

George  R.  Coleman,... 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  A.  —  Promoted  to  1st. 

Lt.  Co.  A.  about  Dec.  1864.  Wounded 

at    Spottsylvania    C.    H.,    May    12, 

1864.     Disch.  for  disability. 

Charles  F.  Kennedy,... 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st.  Lt.  Co.  C.  Oct.  1,  1864. 

To   Regiment   Quarter   Master   Dec. 

18,    1864.     To    Captain.    A.    Q.    M. 

U.  S.  Vols.  to  date  from  Feb.  9,  1865. 

Not  mustered.  Mus.  out  June  28,  1865 

Wounded  May  3,  1863. 

Jeremiah  H.  Murphy.    .Serg't.  .  Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  Maj.,  Sept.  4,  1864. 

Killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19, 

1864. 

James  M.  Craig   .... 

Corp.. 

Aug. 

21,  1863 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,    1864.     Mus.   out  Sept.   7,    1864. 

George  Jardine  

..Corp...i  Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Wounded—  absent,  in  hospital,  at  exp. 

of  term. 

James  Robb,. 

Corp.     Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Prisoner  from  May  6,  1864,  to  February 

26,    1865  —  mustered    out,    March    3 

i 

1865. 

210 


SIXTY-FIRST   REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Hugh  Farley  . 

Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  —  absent,  in  hospital,  at  exp. 
of  term. 

Jacob  Miller,. 

Corp.. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged    November    11,     1862,    for 

w^^c. 

wounds  received  at  Malvern  Hill,  Va. 

July  1,  1862. 

Joseph  Holt,  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

2 

Died  November  11,  1862. 

Joseph  L.  Biddle,  

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Died  January  28,  1862. 

Kdward  Posey,  

Corp... 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Died  February  22,  1862. 

Wm.  W.  Ketchum  .... 

..Corp... 

Sept. 

4,   1961 

3 

Deserted  December  7,  1862. 

Samuel  Driver,  

Musician 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  A  —  date  un 

known. 

Richars  M'Cabe,  

Musician 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  C,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Feb.  28,  1862. 

Abrahams,  Isaac  L.,... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted    October     17,     1864. 

Ashbaugh,  Andrew,  .  .  . 

.Private. 

July 

14,  1863 

3 

Killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  D.  C.,  July  12, 

1864. 

Batt,  John  P.,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Bell,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

26,  186 

1  3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion    of   term. 

Bird,  Henry  C.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  —  absent,  in  hospital,  at  exp. 

of  term. 

Brown,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Boyer,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania,  C.  H.,  May  12, 

1864.—  Vet. 

Bizzey,  James,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  November  17,   1861. 

Bolton,  Samuel  F.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  R.,  23rd.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.    1,    1861. 

Bowman,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  R.,  23rd.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.  1,  1861. 

Braman,  Silas  L.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred   to   Company   A  —  date   un 

known. 

Bird,  Alfred  W.,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Mar. 

24,   1862. 

Bicking,  Geo.  W.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  February  5,   1862. 

Bell,  Thomas  M.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May  12, 

1864. 

Berk,  Jacob  H.,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Killed   at   Wilderness,    May  6,    1864— 

buried  in  Wilderness  burial  grounds 

—Vet. 

Barrett,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  2d.   Lieut.   Co.   G.,   April 

22,    1864—  Vet. 

Burnett,  Charles  F.,..  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Died  January  2,    1862. 

Carroll,  Edwin  A.,..  .. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered    out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Clark,  Joseph  H.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred   to   company   A  —  date   un 

known. 

Christy,  Henry  V...... 

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  June 

6,    1862. 

Campbell,  Thomas,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  September  7,  1861. 

Carpenter,  Chas.  G  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted    September   7,    1861. 

Cavenaugh,  M.  J.,..  .  . 

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  September,  1861. 

Clancey,  John  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  L.,  23rd,  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.  1,  1861. 

Duddy,  John  M.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,     1864  —  absent,     in    hospital,     at 

expiration  of  term. 

PENNSYL  VAN  I  A     VO  LUN  TEE  RS 


211 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE 
INTO 

3F  MUSTER 
SERVICE. 

TERM  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Dalton,  William,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,    1861 

3 

Deserted    February    14,    1862. 

Davis,  David  H.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Company  A  —  date  un 

known, 

Doak,  James, 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

June  6,   1863. 

Doak,  Samuel, 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Died  December  30,  1861. 

Davis,  Benj.  F.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

May  28,  1862. 

Dorsey,  Nicholas,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  C,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.  1,  1861. 

Demmer,  Gust.  A.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May  12, 

1864. 

Delinger,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Fitly 

14,   1861 

Drafted—  killed  at  Spottsylvania  Court 

House,  May  12,  1864. 

Eckert,  Oliver,  

.Private. 

July 

14,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  B,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Feb.  1,  1862. 

Foley,  James  F.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  —  absent  at  expiration  of  term. 

Frowert,  John  P 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

26,  1861 

3 

Mustered    out,    Aug.  29,    1864  —  expira 

AL*O 

tion  of  term. 

Fenogino,  Peter 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  company  A  —  date  un 

known. 

Fishers,  Wm.  H.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Discharged     for    wounds     received     at 

Marye's  Heights,  May  3,  1863. 

Fitzinger,  James, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Discharged     for    wounds     received     at 

Wilderness,  Va.,  May  6,   1864—  Vet. 

Gibson,  Edward  H...... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Wounded  —  absent,  in  hospital,  at  mus. 

out. 

Ginther,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Captured   at  Wilderness,   Va.,   May  6, 

1864  —  transferred    to    company    A  — 

date  unknown  —  Vet. 

Ginther,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

26,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Girardine,  Alph.  L.,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Mar 

25,  1862. 

Flaze,  John  

Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  F,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.    1,    1861. 

Harrison,  Samuel,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Hammond,  Alex'r  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Jan. 

9,  1863. 

Hooper,  Harry,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Sept 

Sept.  6,   1862. 

Hessell,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May  12, 

1864—  Vet. 

Hinkle,  Robert,  R.,  .  .  . 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

Jan.  7,   1863. 

Hurley,  Redmond,..  .  . 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.,  R.  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.    1,    1861. 

Huff,  George  W.,  

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.,  R.  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.   1,   1861. 

Jones,  William  T.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1862 

3 

Mustered    out,    Sept.    1864—  expiration 

of  term. 

Johnson,  Thomas, 
Jones,  George  W.,  

.  Private 
.  Private 

Sept. 
Sept. 

4,   1862 
4,  1861 

I 

JKilled  at  Malvern  Hill,  Va.,  July  1,  1862. 
!  Discharged    December    8,    1862, 

Johnson,  Henry,  

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Killed   at   Charlestown,    Va.,    May   21, 

1864. 

Keller,  Gustavus,  

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1862 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

212 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

Kennedy,  Edwin  F.,  .  . 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Captured  at  Fairfax,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1863 
transferred    to    Company   A—  date  — 

unknown.     Prisoner  at  Anderson  ville. 

Discharged   April   25,    1865. 

Lindsay,  Joseph  A.,..  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Mustered  ~out,   Sept.   1\   1864. 

Lynch,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3    Transferred  to  company   A  —  date   un 

known. 

Lutz,  George,  K.,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3    Transferred   to   company  A  —  date  un 

known, 

Moore,  John  1st.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

21,  1861 

3  !  Deserted    November    26,     1861. 

Moore,  John  2d.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

21,  1861 

3    Killed   at   Wilderness,  May   6,    1864. 

Mahoney,  Wm.  H.,  .  .  . 

.  Private.j  Aug. 

21,  1861 

3  'Killed  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864  —  Vet. 

Murray,  Michael,  

.  Private. 

Aug.. 

21,  1861 

3    Discharged     on     Surgeon's    certificate, 

March  5,   1863. 

Moyer,  Albert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3    Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

June  10,  1862. 

McGeoy,  Thomas  J.,.  . 

.  Private 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3    Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

M'Grath,  Charles  B.,.. 

.  Private 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3  iKilled   at   Spottsylvania,    C.    H.,    May 

12,    1864. 

M'Caughey,  Thos.,  .  .  . 

.  Private 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  I.  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Feb.  28,  1862. 

M'Kinley,  David,  

.  Private 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3  |Died  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  7,  1862 

of  wds.  received  at  Malvern  Hill,  Va., 

July  1,  1862. 

M'Clurg,  John  

.  Private 

Aug. 

21,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  D.  23d,  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.  6,  1861. 

Neville,  Wesley  M.,... 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Hos.  Stew.  U.  S.  A—  date 

unknown. 

Needles,  Albert,  

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Jan.  26,  1862. 

Neville,  George,  P.,  ... 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1864 

3 

Transferred  to  Vet.  Reserve  Corps,  June 

24,  1863. 

Neville,  Fred'k  A.,...  . 

.  Private 

Sept. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted    to    Hospital    Steward    23d 

regiment  P.  V.,  September  25,  1861. 

O'Neil,  James,  .Private 

Sept. 

4,  1863 

3 

Deserted    July    27,    1863. 

Perkins,  William  N.,  .  .  .  Private 

Aug. 

26,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Pendergrast,  James,.  .  .  .  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certificate,  Au  g 

19,  1862. 

Pidgeon,  James,  .             .  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  R,  23d.  reg    P    V 

Oct.  1,  1861. 

Robb,  William                  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Mustered    out    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

>~'*-f  *-• 

tion  of  term. 

Ryan,  Patrick,  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Musterd    out,    Sept.    7,    1864—  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Rice,  William  ....         .  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Transferred  to  Co.  R.,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.   1,   1861. 

Robb,  Robert 

.  Private. 

Sept 

4,  1861    3 

Transferred  to  Co    G     23d    reg   P  V 

t~/\~£si. 

Feb.   28,   1862. 

Stine,  John,.                       Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Wounded  in  action  —  mustered  out,  Sept. 

V^V-fSl. 

6,  1864  —  expiration  of  term. 

Swain,  Morris  S  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

21,  1861!  3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term,     transferred  to  Co.  E. 

Nov..  1864. 

Scott,  Henry,  

Private. 

Sept. 

4,   1861 

3 

Deserted  —  returned  —  discharged     by 

sentence   of  General   Court  Martial, 

February,  1864. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


213 


CO 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 

I 

NAME. 

RANK. 

INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

H 

Smith,  Charles  W.,..  .  .  .  Private. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861 

3    Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Sewell,  George,  Private. 

Aug. 

21, 

1861    3 

Transferred  to  Company  A  —  date  un 

known. 

Sigler,  Jacob,  Private. 

July 

10, 

1863 

3 

Drafted  —  died    of   wounds    received    at 

J  ***J 

Wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

Tilden,  Howard  P.,  ... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1864    3 

Mustered  out,  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expiration 

of  term. 

Taylor,  William  R.,.  .  .  .  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861    3 

Promoted  to  Principal  Musician,  June 

• 

20,  1863. 

Tobin,  Michael,  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  D.,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Oct.  7,   1861. 

Thompson,  Sam'l.  C.,.  .Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  B.,  23d.  reg.  P.  V., 

Feb.  21,  1862. 

Vandever,  Marshall,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Died  December  26,  1861. 

Walls,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Wounded  —  absent,  in  hospital,  at  mus. 

out. 

Wheelan,  Thos.  J.,...  . 

.  Private.  Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certiOcate, 

Oct.,  1862. 

Wilday,  Edward,  Private.  Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Discharged     on    Surgeon's     certificate, 

Dec.  14,  1861. 

Wainwright,  Wm.,..  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Deserted    July    27,    1864. 

Woodruff,  Geo.  W.,  .  .  .  .  Private.  Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Discharged     on     Surgeon's     certificate, 

Jan.  28,  1863. 

Williamson,  H.  B., 

Williamson  H.  B.,  

.  Private.  !Sept. 

4, 

1861 

3 

Deserted  March  13,  1862. 

RECRUITS 


Allison, 
Barrett, 

Devoul, 
Dickson 

Harper, 

Jamison 

Merens, 
(or 
Rodgers 

Wm.  A  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

vSept. 
May 

Sept. 
Sept. 

Nov. 

Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 

2, 
9, 

20, 
2, 

26, 

2, 
10, 
2, 

1862 
1864 

1982 
1862 

1864 

1862 
1862 
1862 

3 
3 

3 
3 

3 

3 
3 
3 

Transferred    to    Co.    A  —  Promoted    to 
Serg't.  Co.  F.,  Nov.  1,  1864.    Prisoner 
—  disch.  June  20,  1865. 
Promoted  to  Corp.  Sept.  4,  1864.     Was 
wounded  at  Cedar  Creek,  Sept.   19, 
1864.     Mus.  out  May  26,  1865. 
Discharged,  June  20,    1865. 
Transferred   to   Co.   A.   in    1864—  date 
unknown.     Mus.  out  June  20,  1865. 
Transferred    to    Co.    A,    Nov.       1864. 
Wounded  at  Wilderness  May  6,  1864. 
Absent    at    muster-out. 
Transferred   to   Co.    A.   in    1864—  date 
unknown.     Mus.  out  June  20,  1865. 
Transferred    to    Co.    A.    Nov.     1864. 
Deserted  Feb.  25,   1865. 
Transferred  to  Co.  A.  about  Nov.  1864. 

Charles  
John,. 

,  Robert,  
John,  

,  Alexander,  .  . 
Joseph,  .  .  . 

Merius) 
,  Thomas,  .... 

COMPANY  H. 
RECRUITED  AT  ALLEGHENY  CITY. 

Horatio 
Samuel 

K.  Tyler  
B.  M'Kowen.. 

..Capt... 
..1st.  Lt. 

Feb. 
Feb. 

24, 
24, 

1865 
1865 

i 
1 

Mustered  out  with  company,  June  28, 
1865. 
Resigned   May    15,    1865. 

214 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Wm.  H.  H.  Tyler,  .... 
Henry  Geringer,  
Lewis,  Faber,  .  . 

.2d.  Lt.. 
1st.  Sgt. 

.  Serg't  .  . 
.  Serg't  .  . 
.Serg't  . 

.Serg't.. 

..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 
Musician 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 
.Private. 

.Private. 
.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Feb. 
Feb. 

Feg. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb, 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

24,   1865 
10,  1865 

15,  1865 
20,  1865 
7,  1865 

7,  1865 

7,  1865 
16,  1865 
9,  1865 
7,  1865 
16,  1865 
11,  1865 
19,  1865 
9,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
16,  1865 
20,  1865 
10,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
20,  1865 
7,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
7,  1865 
10,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
7,  1865 
10,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 
16,  1865 
16,  1865 

10,  1865 
7,  1865 
7,  1865 
16,  1865 
16,  1865 
20,  1865 
7,  1865 

7,  1865 
18,  1865 
18,  1865 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

| 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

Commissioned     1st.    Lieutenant,    May 
16,    1865  —  not    mustered  —  mus.    out 
with  Co.,  June  28,   1865. 
Wounded  in  action,  Mar.  27,  1865  —  com 
2d.  Lt.,  May  16,  1865—  not  mus.  mus. 
out,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Discharged  May  30,   1865,  for  wounds 
received  in  action,  April  2,  1865. 
Discharged  June  2,    1865,   for  wounds 
received  in  action,  April  2,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Absent,  on  furlough,  at  muster  out. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Died  at  Danville,  Va.,   May  25,   1865. 
Mustered  out-with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  April,  1,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mus.   out  with   Co.,  June  28,   1865. 
Mus.  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Wd.  April  2,  1865—  disch.  by  G.  O.,  June 
10,  1865. 
Mustered  lut     with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Died  Apr.  27,  1865,  of  wounds  received 
in  action  —  buried  in  National  Cem 
etery,  Arlington,  Va., 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Deserted      April  26,    1865—  returned— 
disch.   by   General   Order,    Sept.   26, 
1865. 

Daniel  Clark,  
James  Cuddy,  

Frederick  Faber,  

Alexander  M'Kee,  .... 
Joseph  Diebold,  
Charles  Fredhofer,  
Frederick  Worfel,  
John  Gormley,  

Auberger,  David,  
Burkley,  Jacob,  

Baun,  Frederick, 

Burket,  Joseph,  
Burns,  William  J.,  .  .  .  . 

Beck,  John,  

Beck,  Decatur,  

Boyle,  William  B.,..  .  . 
Connell,  Thomas,  
Clark,  John  J., 

Carr,  Patrick,  
Durkin,  James,  
Danbear,  Henry,  
Danber,  Philip,  
Doughty,  Thos.  R.,  .  .  . 
Davis,  Isaac,  W.,  
Evans,  Thomas  A.,  .  .  . 
Farmaree,  Nicholas,.... 
Farmaree,  George,  .... 
Foster,  David,  
Fretzer,  Taylor,  
Fitsel,  Reed,  
Fleming,  John  
Fress,  George,. 

Feihr,  Charles, 

Frayer,  William,  

Grismer,  Cyrus,  
Gordon,  John  
Gordon,  George,  
Gothart,  George, 

Goley,  Adam,  
Giles,  John  
Gardner,  Samuel,  

Harwick,  Philip,  
Hervey,  Leonard,  
Hunter,  Thomas  H.,... 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


215 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE< 
INTO 

DP  MUSTER 
SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEAKS. 

REMARKS. 

Irwin,  Calvin,  A.,  
Jones,  Charles  F.,  

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Feb. 
Feb. 

19,  1865 
16,  1865 

1 
1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered    out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Kroskey,  James,M.,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Kettle,  Alfred, 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Kinyan,  William  T.,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Long,  Robert,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Laryon,  George  H.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Lengenfelts,  George.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Leel,  Leonard,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Lake,  David,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Discharged  —  date     unknown  —  for   wds. 

received  in  action,   March  27,    1865. 

Lundestatt,  Godfrey  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

13,  1865 

Deserted   June    16,    1865. 

Marshall,  Samuel  P.,.. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Marshall,  Geo.  P.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Myers,  Henry  C.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Morrow,  Thomas  P.,.. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Afee,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  J.865. 

Neal,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Noll,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Orr,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

9,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Otterman,  James  L.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Discharged  May  26,   1865,  for  wounds 

received  in  action,   April  2,    1865. 

Renouf,  John  W.,.  .    .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Rose,  William  H.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Absent,   on  furough,   at  muster  out. 

Ritter,  Samuel  G.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Ramsey,  David  M.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Robinson,  Robert,  .... 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Snyder,  Conrad  R.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Schutlz,  Adam,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Sutter,  Samuel,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

10,  1865 

Mustered  out  with  co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Stuffe,  Christopher,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Smith,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Schleinbauch,  George,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Singley,  William,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  25,  1865. 

Sweeny,  Cyrenius,  .... 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

1 

Deserted  June   28,    1865. 

Scott,  Charles,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

11,  1865 

1 

Deserted    February    28,    1865. 

Shields,  William,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

1,  1865 

1 

Killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  Apr.  2,  1865. 

Tower,  George,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Disch   by  General  Order,  June  24,  1865. 

Welch,  Samuel  M.,...  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Wasmond,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

9,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Welch,  Thomas  P.,...  .1 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Wensel,  Frederick 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Woods,  Hiram,  I 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

7,  1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Weddle,  Frederick,.... 

.Private. 

Feb. 

16,  1865 

1 

Discharged  by   G.   O.,   June  27,    1865. 

Wolf,  Christopher,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

18,  1865 

1 

Died  at  Annapolis,  Md.  May  30,  1865, 

of  wounds  received  in  action. 

216 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


COMPANY  I. 
RECRUITED  AT  PHILADELPHIA 


NAME. 

RANK 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

w,* 

t 

REMARKS. 

George  W.  Mindil,...  . 
Charles  S.  Green,  

.Capt... 
.Capt... 

Oct.        5,  1861 
Sept.       2,  1861 

3 
3 

Designed    October   6,    1862. 
Promoted   from    1st.    Lt.   company   H. 

to  Captain,   Oct.  7,  1862—  transferred 

to  company  C. 

Alfred  Moylan, 

1st.  Lt.. 

Oct.      20,  1861 

3 

Died,  July  8,  1862,  of  wounds  received 

in  action. 

Wm.  R.  Jones,  

1st.  Lt.. 

Oct.      20,  1861 

3 

Promoted  from  2d.  to  1st.  Lieutenant, 

July    10,    1862,—  resigned    December 

6,  1862. 

Rich.  R.  Lippincott,  .  . 

1st.  Lt.. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Promoted   Fr.    Sgt.    Maj.    to    1st.    Lt., 

Sept.    12,    1863—  wounded   at   Spott- 

sylvania  C.  H.,  May  10,  1864  —  mus. 

. 

out,    Sept.    3,     1864  —  expiration    of 

term. 

Samuel  Long,  

2d.  Lt.. 

Sept.       5,  1861 

3 

Promoted   from    1st.    Sgt.    to  2d.   Lt., 

July  10,  1862—  dismissed  June  8,  1863. 

Samuel  P.  Stewart,  .  .  . 

.2d.  Lt.. 

Aug.     22,  1861 

3 

Promoted    from    Sgt.    company    D.    to 

2d.  Lt.,  Nov.  22,  1863  —  mus.  out,  Sept 

3,  1864  —  exp.  of  term. 

Wm.  A.  Davis,  

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   lut,     Sept.   5,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Joseph  C.  Brown,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Edward  J.  Grant,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Vet.   Res.   Corps  —  date 

unknown. 

William  Lindsay,  

.Serg't.. 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Killed    at    Charlestown,    Va.,    August 

21,  1864. 

Henry  W.  Wise,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Fort  Stevens,  Washington,  D.  C., 

July  12,  1864—  mus.  out  Sept  7,  1864 

—  exp.  of  term. 

Thomas  A.  Hicks,  .... 

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862  —  discharged  on  Surgeon's  cert. 

—  date  unknown. 

Harry  Anthony,  

..Corp... 

Sept.      4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May  12, 

1864. 

Robert,  Caistairs,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

James  M'Crudden,.  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Winchester,  Virginia,  Sept. 

19,  1864  —  not  on  muster-out  roll  —  Vet 

William  Davis,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,  Spet.  7,   1864  —  exp.  of 

term. 

William  Maitlack,  

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 

1862  —  disch.  on  Surgeon's  certificate 

—  date  unknown. 

Sam'l.  B.  Thompson,. 

..Corp... 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,   Spet.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Attwood,  Daniel,  

.  Private 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Albertson,  Levi  B.,...  . 

.  Private 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Beman,  John  M.,  

.  Private 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.,  C.,  Sept.  4,  1864— 

disch.  —  date    unknown  —  for     wounds 

received  at  Fisher's  Jill,   Va.,   Sept. 

21,  1864. 

Bowman,  Joseph,  

.  Private 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  December  12,  1863. 

Bellew,  James,  

.  Private 

Dec.        1,  1861 

3 

Discharged  for  wounds  received  at  Fair 

Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Branson,  Samuel,.  .  .  . 

.  Private 

Sept.       4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  February  2,  1862. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


217 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OP  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

1 

REMARKS. 

Caldwell,  George,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31, 
1862  —  discharged  on  Surgeons,  cert. 

—  date  unknown. 

Cockran,  W.  Henry,  ...  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3  1  Wounded  at  Spottsylvania  C.  H.,  May 

12,  1864—  transferred  to  Co.,  C.  Sept. 

1864—  Vet. 

Dick,  Thomas  B.,  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3    Transf.  to  Co.  C.,  Sept.  4,  1864—  Vet. 

Deacon,  Howard,  

.Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3    Disch.  for  wds.  received  at  Fair  Oaks, 

Va.,    May    31,    1862. 

Disert,  John  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3    Not    on    muster-out    roll. 

Dubois,  Robert,  S  .  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered  out,   Spet.   7,    1864  —  exp.   of 

term. 

Davis,  William,  .  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3 

Discharged    on    Surgeon's    certificate, 

Nov.  21,  1861. 

Ennis,  Isaac,  H.,  .Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3    Disch.  on  Surgeon's  certificate  —  date  un- 

known. 

Faust,  Augustus  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  wds.  received  at  Chancellors- 

ville,  May  3,  1863. 

Fisher,  Joseph,  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  Co.  C.,  Sept.  4,  1864.— 

Vet. 

Farril,  William,  .  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at   Chancellorsville,   May   3, 

1863  —  deserted—  date  unknown. 

Garvin,  George,  .  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861J  3 

Transferred   to   company   C.,    Sept.    4, 

1864—  Vet. 

Garvin,  Edward,  .  Private. 

Dec. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed    July    12,    1864. 

Hansell,  Milton,  .  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861    3 

Mustered    out    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Haves,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Spet.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Haffren,  Francis,  

.  Private 

Nov. 

27,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Highhill,  Israel, 

.  Private 

Sept 

4,  1861 

3  (Transferred  to  Co.  C,  Sept.  4,  1864  — 

\j\~±/\,. 

Vet. 

Hayes,  Robert  E-,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Disch.   on  Surg.   cert.   Nov.   21,    1861. 

Hurley,  Redmond,..  .  . 

.  Private.  Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Disch    on  Surg.  cert.  Mar.  21,  1862. 

Hamilton,  George,  .... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  !  Disch.   on  Surg.   cert.   Nov.   21,    1861. 

Huff,  George  W.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  'Deserted  October  9,  1861. 

Issamart,  Chas.  L  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  j  Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Jeffeirs,  John. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Disch.  on  Surg.  cert  —  date  unknown. 

Jones,  William,. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Trnasferred  to  Co.  C,  Sept.  4,  1864— 

Vet. 

Jones,  Tobias,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Kline,  Joseph,. 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  iKilled  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Kline,  William,  

.  Private. 

fcJW£FV« 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Deserted  —  date  unknown. 

Kennedy,  Michael,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  Discharged  for  wounds  received  at  Fair 

Oaks,  Virginia,  May  31,  1863. 

Krep,  George,. 

.  Private. 

Auer 

1,  1861 

3    Deserted    September    22,    1862. 

Lynch,  George,  

.  Private. 

**.**6  • 

Nov. 

23,  1861 

3  jNot  on  muster-out  roll. 

Lowe,  John,. 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  pied  June  5,  1862. 

Mahoney,  Dennis,  .... 

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  !  Discharged  for  wounds  received  at  Fair 

Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Millet,  William, 

.  Private 

Spnt 

4,  1861 

3    Transferred    to    company    C,    Sept.    4, 

1864—  Vet. 

Mills,  John,  

Private 

5^nt 

4,  1861 

3    Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Maxwell,  Charles,  

.  Private.  ISept. 

4,  1861 

3    Discharged    Oct.     25,     1861—  minor. 

M'Gittigan,  F.  C.,  

.Private.  Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  j  Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

M'Carter,  John  

.  Private 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

JNot    on    muster-out    roll. 

218 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

M'Callister,  James,  ....  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  iDied  of  wds.  rec.  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May 

21,  1862. 

M'llravey,  Andrew,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Disch.  for  wds.  rec.  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va., 

May  31,    1862. 

M'Neight,  William,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Transferred  to  Co.  C,  Sept.  4,   1864— 

Vet. 

Orton,  James  F.,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Mustered  out  Sept.  7,  1864—  expiration 

of  term. 

Platt,  John  J  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  wds.  rec.  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va., 

May  31,  1862. 

Powers,  Richard,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May  31,  1862. 

Pope,  Harrison  W.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Dec. 

7,  1861 

3 

Transferred  to  co.  C.,  Sept.  4,  1864  —  Vet 

Pidgeon,  James,  

.  Private.  Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted    November    24,     1864. 

Rice,  William,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  —  date  —  unknown  —  minor  . 

Rice,  Felix,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  wds.  rec.  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va., 

May  31,   1862. 

Riley,  Benjamin,  S.,... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Discharged  on  Surgeon's  certi.  Apr.  3, 

1862. 

Sands,  Nicholas,  B...... 

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Died  July  26,  1862—  bu.  in  Cypress  Hill, 

Cem.,  L.  I. 

Smith,  William,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Snowden,  James,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  wds.  at  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  May 

31,  1862. 

Swain,  Philip,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,    Sept.    7,    1864  —  expira 

tion  of  term. 

Taylor,  Joseph,  

Private.  . 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Transferred    to    Company    C,    Sept.    4, 

1864—  Vet. 

Thompson,  John,  

.  Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Wounded  —  transferred  to  Co.  C,  Sept. 

4.  1864—  Vet. 

Willis,  Frederick,  Private.  . 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3  !  Disch    on  Surg.  cert.  —  date  unknown. 

Wallace,  James,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3    Disch.  on  Surg.  cert.  —  date  unknown. 

White,  Samuel,  

.Private. 

Sept. 

4,  1861 

3 

Deserted  October  5,  1861. 

'Weaver  J 

.  Private. 

3 

Killed  at  Wilderness  —  buried  in  Wilder 

ness   burial   grounds, 

York   James 

Private. 

Nov. 

28,  1861 

3 

Disch.  on  Surg.  cert.  —  date  unknown. 

COMPANY  I. 
RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  CITY. 


Isaac  ^^right 

.Capt.. 

Feb. 

?3, 

1865 

, 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

William  Graham,  
Frank  Bowen,  
John  W.  Calvert,  

G.  W.  M'Cutcheon,... 
Geo.  W.  Dawson,  
James  Mulvey,  
John  Selfridge, 

.  1st.  U. 
.2d.  U  . 
1st.  Sgt.  . 

.Serg't.. 
.Serg't.. 
.  Private. 
.  .Sergt  .  . 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

23, 
23, 
17, 

17, 
20, 
20, 
20, 

1865 
1865 
1865 

1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
2 
1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Disch.  by  S.  O.,  June  3,  1865. 
Wounded  in  action,  April  2,  1865  —  com. 
2d.    Ivt.,   June    7,    1865  —  not   mus.  — 
absent,  at  muster  out. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Discharged  by  G.  O.,  July  5,  1865. 

James  Ramsey,  
John  L-  Ralshouse.  .  .  . 
John  M'Clelland,  
Josiah  Booth,  
Benjamin  Galloway,... 
M.  S.  Morrow,  

..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 
..Corp... 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

27, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 

1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 
1865 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


219 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

c/j 

> 

REMARKS. 

John  Taggart,  
Thomas  M'Kee,  

..Corp... 
..Corp... 

Feb. 
Feb. 

17, 
17, 

1865 
1865 

1 
1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Breen,  John 

Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Brilhart,  Samuel,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Beding,  Benjamin  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Bennett,  William,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Cricks,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.  June  28,  1865. 

Connohan,  Thomas,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Connihan,  Charles,  .... 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with    Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Carlin,  John  P.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

21, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28k  1865. 

Cornelius,  James,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Discharged   by   G.    O.,   June    13,    1865. 

Cowden,  Clarence,..  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Deserted  June    13,    1865. 

Dickson,  Thomas,  .... 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Donald,  James,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

English,  Wm.  T.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Fogle,  Daniel,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gourley,  Alexander,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gray,  Robert  W.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gray,  Thomas,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Grundy,  Francis  A.,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Green,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Grubbs,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gray,  Joseph,  L.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gittings,  George,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Gittings,  Muchael,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865    1 

Wounded  in  action,  April  2,  1865  —  disch. 

by  General  Order,  June  23,   1865. 

Huchman,  Samuel,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865    1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Prisoner,  March  25,  1865,  at  Peters 

burg,   Va., 

Huchman,  Newton,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865    1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Hasley,  Jacob,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

18, 

1865    1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Halsinger,  Edmond,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865    1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Heidelberg,  C.  E.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865    1 

Disch.—  by  G.  O.,  June  30,   1865. 

Jackson,  William  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Jones,  Wm.  J.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

21, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Loughey,  Wm.,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

21, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Lovel,  James, 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Lawson,  George  W.,... 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Deserted   June    13,    1865. 

Marshall,  Thomas,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865    1 

Wounded  in  action,  April  2,  1865  —  mus. 

out  with   Company,   June  28,   2865. 

Murphy,  Wm.  T.,  .  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

18651  1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Mathews,  Ebenezer,  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865'  1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Moiland,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Donald,  James  P.,.- 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865  1 

Mustered  out  with  Company,  June  28, 

1865. 

M'Curdy,  James  B.,.  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Laughlin,  Isaac.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865! 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Elheny,  Lazarus,.  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Taken   prisoner  March  25,    1865,   at 

Petersburg,   Va., 

M'Cutcheon,  John 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Namme,  B.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865    1 

Mustered  out  with  co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Cutcheon,  Jos., 

.Private. 

Feb. 

20, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

M'Cammon,  Authur.  . 

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  12,  1865. 

Nevin,  John  S.,. 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

18651  1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,    June  28,  1865. 

Neely,  John  

.Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Orris,  Abraham,,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Oliver,  William  

.  Private. 

,Feb. 

17, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

220 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 


RANK 


[DATE  OP  MUSTER 
i  INTO  SERVICE. 


REMARKS. 


Pratt,  Albert,  G., 

Pickles,  William, 

Pickles,  Ambrose, 

Powers,  John, 

Patton,  Philip  H., 

Parkins,  George, 

Purnell,  James, 

Quinn,  John, 

Ross,  Isiah 

Ramsey,  Henry, 

Rundel,  James  C 

Rose,  Henry  B., 

Redpath,  Robert, 

Shirley,  George, 

Stewart,  Madison, 

Sweeny,  Thomas, 

Stright,  John  H., 

Smith,  Robert, 

Smith,  William 

Smith,  James, 

Sullivan,  Timothy,. . . . 

Thomas,  Christ 

Tait,  Frederick, 

Vanryn,  John, 

Vanryn,  Arie, 

Venn,  Robert, 

Willoughby,  Jonas,...  . 
Willoughby,  Daniel,.... 

Willoughby,  Benj 

Wright,  James, 

Wright,  Alexander,...  . 
Whitsel,  Cyrus, 


Private.  Feb.  17,  1865|  1  JMustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  18,  1865!  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  18,  1865!  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865|  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865J  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865;  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.June  28,   1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865:  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  18,  1865;  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865!  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Private.  Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

17,  1865|  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

20,  1865  Died  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  21,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  18,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  Deserted   February   25,    1865. 

Feb.  20,  1865!  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  20,  1865  1  jMustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  'Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865!  1  JMustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  iMustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  iMustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  !Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865!  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

20,  1865  1  Mustered  out  with  Co.,  June  28,  1865. 

Feb.  17,  1865!  1  Died  at  Burksville,  Va.,  April  14,  1865. 


Private.  Feb. 

Privtea.iFeb. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private. 

Private*  Feb. 


Private. 


COMPANY  K. 

RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  AND  MERCER  COUNTIES 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

I 

REMARKS. 

Joseph  Gerard,  
Louis  Hager,  

..Capt... 
..Capt... 

Aug.        1,  1861 
Aug.        1,  1861 

3 
3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 
Promoted    from    1st.    Lieut,    to    Capt. 
May   31,    1862.—  Resigned   July    18, 

1863. 

David  M'Clain,  

..Capt... 

Aug.        1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Sergt.  —  Maj.   of  Regt.  — 

to   1st.   Lieut.  —  to   Capt.     Mus.   out 

Sept.  7,  1864,  expir.  of  term. 

Augustus  A.  Hager,..  .1st.  Lt.JAug.        1,  1861 

3 

Promoted     to     2d.     Lt.  —  to     1st.     Lt. 
Wounded  at  Wilderness  May  6,  1864. 

1 

Mus.  out  Aug.  10,    1864. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


221 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OP  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

i 

REMARKS. 

John  J.  Benitz,  

2d.  U... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Resigned   Mar.    12,    1862.—  Re-enlisted 
in  139  Regt    Pa.  Vol. 

Francis  Schwab,  

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

1 

Shot  through  thigh  and  wrist  at  Fair 

Oaks,  May  31,  1862.     Mus.  out  Sept. 

7,    1864  —  expir.    of    term. 

Jacob  J.  Grubbs,  

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  1st.  Sgt.  Mar.   17,   1862. 

Wounded  severely  in  right  thigh  at 

Fair  Oaks,  lying  two  days  on  battle 

field.     Disch.  for  wounds  so  rec'd 

Robert  Brown,  . 

.  Serg't  .  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  3d.   Sgt.   Mar.    17,   1862. 

Wm.  F.  Poorman,  .... 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  4th  Sgt.   Mar.    17,   1862. 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term 

Christian  Keller,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Joseph  D.  Cox,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    at   Wilderness    and   sent    to 

Philadelphia     Hospital  —  Absent     in 

hospital  at  muster  out.     Later  disch. 

at  Harrisburg. 

Augustus  Isaac,  

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Joseph  P.  Benedict,..  . 

.Serg't.. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  5th  Sgt.  Mar.   17,    1862. 

A.  Decarme,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Disch.   Set.    10,    1862. 

Isadore  Slansaur  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,     Disch.  Sept. 

29,  1862. 

Christian  Grimm,  

..Cpr.... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  slightly  at  Fair  Oaks 

Alexander  Morrow,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,   1864  —  expri.  of  ter. 

Wm.  Holtzheimer,  .... 

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

David,  H.  Ford,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Color-bearer,  for  gallantry 

at  Fair  Oaks, 

John  Kraeling,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wd.  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864.     Ab. 

at  Mus.  out. 

Jacob  Wentz,  

..Corp... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  Oct.  3D,  1864  —  buried  in  Prospect 

Hill    Cemetery,    York,    Pa., 

Osier,  Michael,  

.Corp.... 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Promoted  to  Corp.  Jan.  1,  1863. 

Martin  Hager,  

Musician 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Sent  sick  to  Hospital  at  Philadelphia. 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term 

George  Lentz,  

Musician 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  on  Surgeon's  Cert.  Jan.  11,  1862. 

John  Miller,  

Team'tr  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Trans,     to     Co.     B.  —  date     unknown. 

Alveister,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    at    Fair    Oaks,    disch.    Sept. 

25,  1862. 

Baird,  John, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks;  Disch.   Dec.   5, 

1862. 

Black,  Jacob,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    at    Warwick,     Va.,     Trans. 

to  Co.   B).     Missing  since   Dec.    12, 

1862. 

Barr,  T.  J.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died    at    Andersonville,  Ga.,    June    20, 

1864;  grave  2,226. 

Becker,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Killed    at    Fair    Oaks,  May    31,    1862. 

Beni,  Borino,  G.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Bernet,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861    3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Beninsky,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861    3 

Deserted,  Dec.  31,  1862. 

Bondi,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861    3 

Disch.  for  disability,  Jan.  26,  1863. 

Bodd,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861    3 

Trans,  to  Co.  B.  —  date  unknown. 

Bourin,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861:  3 

Disch.    for   disability—  Sept.    30,    1863. 

Burhardt,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861|  3 

Captured  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864; 

paroled  Oct.  10,  1862.     Transferred 

to  Co.   B.  —  date  unknown. 

Christine,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  accidentally,  near  Manassas, 

Sept.  1,  1862;  deserted  Sept.  20,  1862. 

222 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

to 

w 

REMARKS. 

Costlow,  Jeremiah,  Private. 
Cricks,  Joseph,  .  Private. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1,   1861 
1,  1861 

3 
3 

Trans,  to  Co.,  B.  —  date  unknown. 
Wounded    and    captured    Fair    Oaks, 

May  31,  1862;  paroled  Aug.  6,  1862; 

wounded  at  Antietam,  Sept.  18,  1862 

and  disch.  Jan.  16,  1863. 

Daniel,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  Sept.  14,  1862. 

Deer,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Missing  after  Fredericksburg,    Dec.  12, 

1862. 

Ei,  Andrew,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Disch—  July  18,  1862;  buried  at  Cy 

press    Hill    Cemetery,    Long    Island. 

Eichler,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch     for  disability,   Oct.   10,   1862. 

Ertinger,  William,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  July  18,  1862. 

Espy,  Jos.  A  , 

.  Private. 

Auer 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862; 

****o  • 

disch.  July  17,  1862. 

Faith,  Philip,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,1861 

3 

Captured    May    21,     1864;    absent    at 

mus.  out. 

Feller,  Christian,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.    for    disability,    Mar.    20,    1862. 

Ferrier,  Francis, 

Private. 

Aujr 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864;  expir.  of   term 

Fichter,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

•  iul&  • 

Aug. 

l!  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Malvern  Hill;  July  1,  1862 

deserted   Sept.    20,    1862. 

Guhring,  John. 

.  Private. 

AUgr 

1,  1861 

3 

Lost  arm  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862; 

*  *-L1o  • 

disch.    Dec.   8,   1862. 

Hanky,  J.  J.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.   for  disability,   Mar.   20,  1862. 

Hare,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  June  10,  1861,  from  wounds  rec'd. 

at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Henn,  Hubert,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Hoffman,  Michael,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,   1862. 

Hubner,  David,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  Feb.  1,  1863. 

Huettle,  August  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  severely  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31, 

1862;   in  hospital   at   Alexandria, 

Isserman,  Michael,.  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Jenny,  Jacob  M.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    severely    at    Fair    Oaks,    at 

Point   Lookout,    Md.,    Mustered  out 

Sept.    7,    1864  —  expir.    of    term. 

Jones,  William  J.,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    at    Fair    Oaks,    in    hospital 

at  Philadelphia. 

Keck,  J.  M.,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability  Dec.  27,  1861. 

Kim,  Conrad,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Trasn.  to  Co.  B.  —  date  unknown. 

Kirchner,  George,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  June  27,   1862. 

Klier,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mustered   out,  Sept.  7,    1864;  expir.   of 

term. 

Kleppsattle,  Chas,  .... 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Deserted    Feb.     4,    1862. 

Koelsch,  Joseph,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Trans,  to  Co.  B.  —  date  unknown. 

Kopp,  John,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862; 

prisoner  May  21   to  Nov.  25,   1864; 

mus.  out  Jan.  28,  1865;  expir  of  term. 

Kraeling,  August,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.    for    disability    Mar.    20,    1862. 

Kreps.  Christopher...  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Trans,   to  Co.  B.  —  date  unknown. 

Kress,  George,  

.Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  Nov.  26,  1862. 

Krep,  George,. 

Private 

Aug 

1,  1861 

3 

Trans,   to   Co.    I.  —  date   unknown. 

Lewis,  J.  K.,  

.  Private. 

-i  *U£  . 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  in    Hospital    at    Richmond,    Va., 

Feb.  20,  1862. 

Lindsay,  John  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  in  Hospital  at  Alexandria,    Dec., 

1862. 

List,  William,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  July  1862. 

M'  Donald,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Died  in  camp  advance,  of  typhoid  fever, 

Feb.  1,  1862. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


223 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

M'Dowell,  H.  C.,  
M'Dowell,  Marman,  .  . 

.  Private. 
.  Private. 

Aug. 
Aug. 

1,  1861 
1,  1861 

3 
3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

M'Kinley,  James  W.,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

M'Guire,  James,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

Q 

Taken  prisoner  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31, 

1862;  paroled. 

Mack,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  Feb.  1,  1863. 

Montgomery,  David,.. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  ut  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Muller,  Adam,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Neuer,  Henry,. 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  slightly  at   Fair  Oaks,   May 

•***o  * 

31,  1862;  missing  after  August,  1862. 

Ochs,  Hartman,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Missing  after  Sept.  2,  1862 

Pierson,  Edward  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,   1862. 

Phifer,  Ernest,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Poorman,  J.  H.  C.,...  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Sick  in  general  hospital  at  Philadelphia, 

1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B.—  date  unknown. 

Reutter,  John,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3    Disch.  for  disability,  Mar.  20,  1862. 

Ritz,  John,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3    Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Roth,  John,. 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded    severely    at    Malvern    Hill, 

July  1,  1862. 

Roth,  John  Jacob,  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Disch.   for     disability—  Mar.   20,    1862. 

Schatz,  Martin,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

disch.    July    25,     1862. 

Schleirmacher,  Chas... 

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Schultz,  Chas.,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Schroaff  ,  John,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Deserted  Oct.   2,    1861. 

Sein,  Burkhardt,  

.  Private. 

uAg. 

,  1861 

3 

Deserted    Mar.    9,    1862. 

Senn,  Peter, 

.  Private. 

Aujr 

1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability. 

Smidt,  Charles,  

.  Private. 

f&Ug  . 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Died  in  camp,  Dec.  7,  1861. 

Smerker,  Henry,. 

.  Private. 

Aus: 

1,  1861 

3 

Sick  in  general  hospital  at  Philadelphia, 

i  i-Ug  . 

1863.     not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Smeiser,  David, 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster  out  roll. 

Smith,  Julius,  

.  Private. 

*^**o 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Detailed  as  nurse  in  regimental  hospital. 

Stally,  August,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Woundedseverely  and  taken  prisoner  at 

Fair   Oaks,   May   31,    1862;   paroled. 

not  on  mustered-out  roll. 

Stiner,  Christian,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Not  on  muster-out  roll. 

Victoria,  Joseph,  

.Private.  'Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Detailed  to  drive  pack  mule  :  mus.  out 

Sept.  7,  1864.  —  expir.  of  term. 

Volkert,  Henry,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

1,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,   1862. 

Volkert,  John,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Wacker,  George,  

.  Private.  Aug 

,  1861 

3 

Mus.  out  Sept.  7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Wedekind,  Christ  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability  Mar.  20,   1862. 

Weger,  John,  

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Wounded  at  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  1862. 

Werner,  Englebart,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Wentz,  Jacob,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Wilson,  James,  

.Private.!  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Teamster    for    reg't.  —  mus.    out    Sept. 

7,  1864  —  expir.  of  term. 

Wissman,  Jacob,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Killed  at    Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862. 

Yost,  Jacob,  

.  Private.  Aug. 

,  1861 

3 

Disch.  for  disability,  Mar.  20,  1862. 

1 

224 


SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 


COMPANY  K. 
RECRUITED  IN  ALLEGHENY  CITY 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Henry  Scriba,  
Jer.  R.  Murphy,  

..Capt... 
1st.  U... 

Mar. 
Mar. 

25, 

27, 

1865 
1865 

1 
1 

Resigned  June  15, 
Resigned  Tune  17, 

1865. 
1865. 

Charles  Weaver,  

2d.  Lt... 

Mar. 

24, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

James,  N.  M'Claren,.. 

1st.  Sgt.  . 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

George  Kimberly,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28 

1865. 

Jackson,  Prophater,.  .  . 

.  Serg't  .  . 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Marshall  D.  Taylor,... 

.Serg't.. 

Feb. 

28, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

David  Hill,  

.  Serg't  .  . 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28 

1865 

William  R.  Owen,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

James  Joyant,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

John  Haines,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

3, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Michael  Clair,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

13, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

James  Canaan,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

H, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Charles  Werneberg,  .  .  . 

..Corp... 

Mar. 

1, 

1865: 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Moritz  Meyers,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

7, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

John  W.  Pell,  

..Corp... 

Mar. 

4, 

1865 

Discharged  by   G. 

O.,   June 

13, 

1865. 

Barb,  John  H.,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

13, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Barth,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

14, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Bear,  Daniel,  

.Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Baker,  Samuel,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Blayney,  John  S.,  

.Private. 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Ely,  George,  

.Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Bowan,  James  A., 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Brown,  William  B.,  .  .  . 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Brown,  William,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

22, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Clark,  William  H.  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

27, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Curgahr,  Edmond,.  .  .  . 

.Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Deserted   June    15, 

1865. 

Donald,  William,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

3, 

1865 

Discharged  by  General  Order,  Junel7, 

1865. 

Donald,  John,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

28. 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Dowling,  Thomas,  .... 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Flynn,  John,  

.Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Firden,  George,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

28, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Ferguson,  Albert,  J.,  .  . 

.  Private. 

Feb. 

14, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Grist,  John,  

.Private. 

Feb, 

12, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hauff,  Jacob,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

14, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hackett,  Andrew,. 

.  Private  . 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hess,  George,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hebling,  Robert,  

.Private. 

Feb. 

27, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Howlet,  Michael,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hooley,  Thomas,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

28, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hoffman,  Henry  H.,.  . 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Hunter,  Samuel,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Jomphrey,  James,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Jackson,  Galord,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Jones,  Jonah  J.,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Absent,  sick,  at  muster  out. 

Kaiser,  Henry,   . 

.  Private.  Mar. 

1, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Kimberly,  Frederick,.. 

.  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

King,  John,  

.  Private 

Mar. 

4, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Klinginsmith,  I.,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

Musterde  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Keonick,  Alois,  

.  Private. 

Frb. 

1, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Kennedy,  Henry,  

.  Private. 

Feb. 

28, 

1865 

Discharged  by   G. 

O.,  June 

15, 

1865. 

Kenyon,  Samuel,  

.  Private.  Feb, 

28,. 

1865 

;    (Discharged    by   G. 

O.,  June 

15, 

1865. 

Larizapah,  John,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

11, 

1865 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS 


225 


NAME. 

RANK. 

DATE  OF  MUSTER 
INTO  SERVICE. 

TERM  —  YEARS. 

REMARKS. 

Loughner,  Aaron,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Lindsey,  Edward,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

11, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Lucker,  John,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Luckert,  Henry,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Matz,  John,  

Private.  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1   1  Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Miller,  Albert,. 

.  Private.  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Musteree  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28^ 

1865 

M'Clure,  John  

.  Private.  Mar. 

3, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865! 

M'Guire,  William,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  Jjne 

28, 

1865. 

M'Nichols,  Patrick,  .  .  . 

.  Private.  Mar. 

11, 

1865 

1   jMusteredout  with 

Co.,   June 

28, 

1865. 

Park,  Alexander,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

22, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Patterson,  Matthew,  .  .  .Private.  Mar. 

15, 

1865 

1     Disch.  by  General 

Order  July 

14, 

1865. 

Pryor,  Henry,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

4, 

1865 

1    Mustered  but  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865 

Reed,  George,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

7, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Seymore,  Louis,  Private.'  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Sullivan,  James,  Private.'  Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1    Discharged   by  G. 

O.,  June 

19, 

1865. 

Sheets,  William,  Private.!  Feb. 

22, 

1865 

1   i  Discharged  by  G.  O.,  August 

14, 

1865. 

Shearer,  Wilbert,  

.  Private.  Mar. 

1, 

1865 

1    Discharged   by   G. 

0.,   July 

10, 

1865. 

Springer,  George,  

.Private.  Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Stem,  William  D.,  

.  Private.!  Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Strausburg,  A.,._  Private.  Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Sparman,  Philip,  Private. 

Mar. 

4, 

1865    1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Steward,  Alexander,.  .  .  .  Private. 

Feb. 

13, 

1865 

1   i  Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Simpson,  Albert  V.,.  .  .  .  Private. 

Mar. 

10, 

1865 

1    Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Sweeny,  Peter,  Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Steiner,  Samuel  H.,  .  .  .   .  Private. 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

1 

Deserted    June    26,     1865. 

Shook,  William,  Private. 

Mar. 

4, 

1865 

1 

Deserted   June    14, 

1865. 

Thomas,  John,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

8, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Trimble,  Gibson,  D.,..   .Private. 

Mar. 

11, 

1865 

1    Discharged  by  G.  O.,  June  14,  1865. 

Upperman,  David  Private. 

Feb. 

27, 

1865 

1    Mustered  lut  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Watson,  Richard  G.,...|  .  Private. 

Mar. 

15, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Wickhine,  Frank,  Private. 

Feb. 

27, 

1865 

1 

Mustered  out  with 

Co.,  June 

28, 

1865. 

Williams,  James  E.,.  .  . 

.Private. 

Mar. 

7, 

1865 

1 

Discharged  by   G. 

O.,   June 

30, 

1865. 

Young,  John,  

.  Private. 

Mar. 

28, 

1865 

1 

Discharged    by   G. 

O.   June 

23, 

1865. 

INDEX. 


A  Company  Roster,  159;  List  of  Brothers  in,  169. 

Abercrombie,  Brig.-Gen.  John  J.,  his  reference  to  the  61st  at  Fair  Oaks,  20;  com 
manded  brigade  including  the  61st  at  Fair  Oaks,  29;  his  complimentary  reference  to  the 
61st  at  Malvern  Hill,  37. 

Allison,  John  E.,  Co.  A,  killed  the  rebel  who  killed  Serg.  Brady,  89. 

Antietam,  Union  losses  at,  interments  in  National  Cemetery,  41. 
Army  Corps,  organized  under  Pres.  Lincoln's  War  Order  No.  2,  16-17. 

Army  of  the  Potomac,  its  movements  about  Washington  in  Maryland  and  Vir 
ginia  in  February  and  March,  1862,  goes  to  the  Virginia  Peninsula,  17-18;  marches 
from  Hampton  to  Yorktown,  21;  advances  to  Fair  Oaks,  24;  moves  to  Harrison's 
Landing,  39;  moves  to  Yorktown  taking  transports  back  to  Alexandria,  40-41;  its 
losses  at  Fredericksburg,  46;  its  losses  to  and  including  Chancellorsville,  40-41;  it 
marches  from  Stafford  Heights  to  Gettysburg,  59-60-61;  position  of  its  several  corps 
July  1,  1863,  when  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  began,  59-60;  concentration  of  its  corps, 
60--61;  its  losses  at  Gettysburg,  69;  crosses  the  Rapidan  moving  in  the  Wilderness  to 
Milne  Run,  74-75;  its  strength  on  May  1,  1864,  has  five  corps  including  the  cavalry, 
its  orders  for  beginning  the  campaign  May  3rd  and  4th,  1864,  80-81;  its  night  march 
after  Spottsylvania  by  the  North  Anna  to  Cold  Harbor,  100-102;  its  losses  at  Cold 
Harbor,  103;  crosses  the  James  River,  103-104. 

Artillery  Fire,  first  experiences  under  at  Yorktown,  22;  startling  effects  of  at  North 
Anna,  100. 

Ashbaugh,  Andres,  Co.  H,  killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  July  12,  1864,  108. 

B    Company    Roster,    170. 

Badges,  adopted  for  each  corps,  explanation  of,  58. 

Baird,  Mrs.  Henry  Gary,  in  charge  of  Philadelphia  hospital,  typical  of  the  city  in  intelli 
gent  devotion,  32. 

Bates'  History,  quotations  from  as  to  the  61st's  losses.  27. 

Bates,  Samuel  P.,  his  comprehensive  reference  to  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  59. 

Bee,  Daniel  H.,  Co.  A.  great  bravery  of  at  the  Bloody  Angle  fight,  May  12,  1864, 
as  volunteer  artillerist,  93;  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  losing  a  leg,  109. 

Bewley,  Lieut.,  promoted  to  Captain  of  Co.  G,  130;  recommended  by  the  division 
commander  for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major  for  gallantry  Apr.  2,  1865,  at 
Petersburg,  135. 

Blair,  Frank  L.,  Co.  F,  his  thrilling  description  of  the  rebel  attack  on  the  Union 
right  on  the  evenings  of  May  6,  1864,  in  the  wilderness,  85-86. 

Bloody  Angle,  terrific  fighting  at,  from  dawn  May  12,  1864,  until  3  A.  M.,  the 
next  day,  92-93;  relics  of  in  Military  Museum,  Washington,  Minie  balls  met  in  air,  99. 

"Bloody  Lane,"  at  Antietam,  description  of,  41. 

Bowen,  Philip,  Co.  A,  killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  108. 

Brady,  Serg.  Lemuel,  Co.  A,  killed  in  night  fight  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House, 
89. 

Brewer,  Serg.  A.  T.,  detailed  to  go  to  Harrisburg  and  bring  recruits  to  the  regiment, 
44. 

Bridges  across  the  Rappahannock,  how  they  were  constructed  under  fire,  51-53. 

Brown,  1st.  Lieut.  F.  M.,  Co.  A.,  killed  May  6,  1864,  in  the  wilderness,  87. 
Buchanan,  1st  Serg.  William  L.,  Co.  A.,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens  while  in  command  of 
the  Company,  losing  an  arm,  108-109. 

Burnside,  General  Ambrose  E.,  successor  of  Gen.  McClellan,  his  standing  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  moves  that  Army  to  the  Rappahannock  River  opposite  Fredericks- 
burg,  45;  is  succeeded  by  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker,  Pres.  Lincoln's  letter  on  the  subject,  49. 

C    Company,    Roster    176. 

Caldwell,   Lieut.  John   Co.   F.,   captured   at  Spottsylvania,   90;  commanded   the 
regiment  after  the  wounding  of  Maj.  Crosby  at  Fort  Stevens,  109;  incident  relating  to 
John  Ellis  of  Co.  A.,   109. 
Casey,  Gen.,  positions  of  his  division  at  Fair  Oaks,  28. 

Cedar  Creek,  battle  of,  121 ;  surprise  of  part  of  the  Union  Army  by  the  rebels,  hard 
fighting  for  five  hours,  Sheridans  arrival  on  the  field,  Union  victory,  121-129;  union 
losses  at,  129. 


228  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

Chancellorsville,  battle  of,  Union  troops  under  Hooker  unsuccessful,  55-57. 

Charlestown,  battle  near,  August  21,  1864,  114. 

Chickahominy  River,  the  61st  arrives  there,  strength  of  the  Union  and  Confederate 
Armies,  May  25,  1862,  23. 

Christian  Commission,  its  great  service  in  the  Union  Army,  76-77. 

City  Point,  headquarters  of  Gen.  Grant,  131-132. 

Clothing,  suggestive  lists  of  received  by  the  Army  at  Antietam,  43. 

Cochrane,  Gen.  John,  commanded  brigade  at  Antietam  to  which  61st  belonged,  42. 

Coffin,  Charles  Carlton,  his  description  of  Pickett's  charge  at  Gettysburg,  65. 

Cold  Harbor,   battle  of,   101-102. 

Comte  De  Paris,  his  interesting  reference  to  the  battlefield  of  Antietam,  31;  his 
description  of  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill  and  the  seven  day's  fight,  38. 

Confederacy,  The  Southern,  its  restricted  area  in  Spring  of  1865,  its  two  great 
armies  under  Lee  and  Johnston,  131. 

Confederate  Armies,  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  in  the  Spring  of  1865,  132; 
retreat  of  from  Petersburg,  April  3,  1865,  when  it  surrendered,  141. 

Coon,  Color  Serg.,  wounded  April  2,  1865,  in  charge  at  Petersburg,  135. 

Couch,  Gen.  D.  M.,  Division  Commander,  leads  the  61st  into  the  Fair  Oaks  battle, 
his  encouraging  coolness,  24;  his  official  report  concerning  important  service  of  the  61st 
at  Malvern  Hill,  36-37. 

Creps,  Capt.  Jacob,  though  wounded  joins  and  commands  part  of  the  second  line 
at  Fair  Oaks,  with  others,  25. 

Crosby,  Maj.  John  W.,  promoted  to  Lieut. -Col.,  75;  wounded  May  5,  1864,  in 
the  wilderness,  82;  Wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  107;  his  picture  opposite  page,  130; 
killed  Apr.  2,  1865,  in  charge  at  Petersburg.  134. 

Curtin,  Andrew  G.,  war  governor.  11. 

Cyphers,  Lieut.  Chas.  M.,  becomes  Captain  of  Co.  F,  129. 

D    Company    Roster,    184. 

Davis,  Lieut.  A.  B.,  formerly  of  Co.  A.,  later  Co.  G,  went  over  the  rebel  works 
April  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg  with  the  colors  ahead  of  all  others,  135; 

Davis,    Confederate   President  Jefferson,   receives   knowledge   of   evacuation   of 
Petersburg  and  that  he  must  leave  Richmond,  while  at  Episcopal  Church,  he  leaves 
Richmond  the  same  day,  the  city  being  occupied  by  Union  troops  the  next  morning,  141. 

Dawson,  Major,  afterwards  Lieut. -Col.,  Geo.  W.,  led  the  61st  in  charge  at  Marye's 
Heights,  54-55;  Resigns,  75. 

Dawson,  Serg.  Geo.  W.,  Co.  I.,  formerly  Major  of  the  regiment,  r3commended  for 
honorable  mention  for  bravery,  Apr.  2,  1865  at  Petersburg,  135. 

Dunker  Church,  Antietam,  ;he  61st  in  front  of,  its  trying  experiences,  41. 

E  Company  Roster,  190. 

Early,  Rebel  Gen.  Jubal  A.,  his  forces  opposing  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
113. 

Ellis,  John,  Co.  A.,  noted  bravery  at  Fort  Stevens  where  he  was  killed,  109. 

F    Company    Roster,    197. 

Fair  Oaks,  battle  of  May  31st-June  1st,  1862,  forces  engaged,  positions  of  Union 
Army,  24;  the  second  line  at,  as  described  by  Gen.  Webb,  26;  losses  of  the  61st  at,  27-28; 
wounded  from  reached  Northern  hospitals  receiving  tender  care,  31-32;  Army  of  the 
Potomac  remains  at  until  the  Seven  Days  battle,  malaria  and  other  diseases  among 
the  soldiers,  32-33. 

Fisher,  Sergt.  Jos.,  brave  conduct  at  the  charge  at  Petersburg  protecting  the 
colors,  Apr.  2,  1865,  being  wounded,  received  a  medal  of  honor,  135. 

Fisher's  Hill,  battle  of,  brilliant  victory  with  small  loss,  118. 

Flags,  history  of  those  carried  by  the  61st  P.  V.,  157. 

Ford,  Private  David  H.,  Co.  K,  rescues  the  colors  at  Fair  Oaks  and  is  promoted,  26. 

Fort  Lyon,  the  61st  aided  in  building,  13-14. 

Fortress  Monroe,  the  61st  lands  there  in  March  1862,  scenes  in  Hampton  Roads, 
number  of  McClellan's  Army,  20. 

Fort  Steven?,  suburgs  of  Washington,  battle  at,  May  12,  1864,  106. 

Fox,  Col.  Wm.  F.,  quotations  from  his  Regimenatal  Losses"",  27. 

Franklin,  Gen.  W.  B.,  praises  brigade  to  which  61st  belonged  at  Antietam,  42. 

Fredericksburg,  battle  of  Dec.  13,  1862,  repulse  of  the  Union  Army  with  severe 
losses,  45-48;  second  battle  of  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign,  53-55. 

G  Company  Roster,  204. 

Garvin,  Edward,  Co.  I,  killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  108. 

Gerard,  Capt.  Jos,,  Co,  K,  killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  27. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  229 

Gettysburg,  campaign  and  battle  of,  59-69;  location  made  famous  by  hard  fighting 
during  the  battle,  67;  Union  and  Confederate  losses  at  the  battle  of,  great  number  of 
general  officers  lost  on  each  side,  69. 

Glenn,  Serg.-Maj.  W.  J.,  afterwards  Captain,  his  description  of  the  death  of  Col. 
Rippey,  29-30;  commanded  the  61st  in  the  Charlestown  fight  after  the  death  of  Reden- 
baugh  until  wounded,  114;  his  death  Aug.  27,  1908,  great  loss  to  the  organization,  157. 

Gordon,  Rebel  Gen.  Joha  B.,  his  description  of  the  fight  with  the  61st  and  other 
Union  forces  at  Fair  Oaks,  29. 

Grant,  General,  U.  S.,  report  of  his  victories  at  Fort  Henry  and  Fort  Donelson, 
his  suggestive  initials,  16;  established  headquarters  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  78; 
in  charge  of  all  Union  Armies,  80;  his  description  of  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  87-88; 
his  "Fight  it  out  on  this  line"  letter  May  11,  1864,  92;  under  artillery  fire  at  Spottsyl- 
vania,  97;  his  regret  because  of  the  last  assault  at  Cold  Harbor,  99;  at  Appomattox, 
states  terms  on  which  he  will  accept  surrender  of  the  Rebel  army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
130. 

Greene,  Cap.  Chas.  S.,  commanded  the  61st  after  Capt.  Glenn  was  wounded,  114; 
while  commanding  the  61st  at  Opequon  was  wounded  losing  his  right  eye  and  having 
his  jaw  fractured,  118. 

H  Company  Roster,  209. 

Hancock,  Gen.,  commander  of  the  2nd  corps,  his  great  charge  on  the  morning  of 
May  12,  1864,  at  the  Bloody  Angle,  92. 

Harper,  Lieut.,  Geo.  F.,  Co.  B,  mortally  wounded  in  charge  on  Marye's  Heights, 
57. 

Harrison's  Landing,  61st  arrives  at  July  2,  1862,  hardships  of  a  day's  battle  and  a 
night's  march  in  the  rain,  39. 

Hays,   Col.   Alexander,   63rd.    P.   V.,    13. 

Highhill,  1st  Serg.  Israel,  recommended  for  medal  for  bravery  at  Petersburg,  Apr. 
2,  1865,  135. 

Hooker,  Gen.  Jos.,  appointed  commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  his  review 
of  the  Army  with  President  Lincoln,  49-50;  position  of  his  army  in  front  of  Fredericks- 
burg,  number  of  men  and  guns,  his  corps  commanders,  beginning  of  his  Chancellorsville 
campaign,  Apr.  28,  1863,  51 ;  succeeded  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  by 
Gen.  Meade,  June  28,  1863,  60. 

Houghton,  Maj.  A.  C.,  his  description  of  the  early  morning  fight  at  Opequon. 
Sept.  19,  1864,  116. 

Howard,  Gen.  O.  O.,  lost  an  arm  at  Fair  Oaks,  30. 

Humphreys,  Gen.,  his  account  of  the  Bloody  Angle  fight,  94. 

I   Company  Roster,  216. 

Irwin,  Col.  Richard  B.,  his  brilliant  description  of  Gen.  Sheridan's  arrival  at 
Cedar  Creek,  110. 

Jackson,  Gen.  Stonewall,  his  brave  and  skillful  attack  on  the  Union  Army  at  Chancellors 
ville,  55-56. 

James  River,  long  bridge  across  at  Windmill  Point,  104;  historic  region  between  Cold 
Harbor    and     Petersburg,     104. 

Jamison,  Gen.  Chas.  D.,  first  brigade  commander,  13,  great  distinction  of  his  three 
regiments,  61st,  63rd,  105th,  all  original  colonels  killed  in  the  month  of  May,  14-15. 

Johnston,  Gen.  J.  E.,  commander  of  Rebel  forces  defending  Richmond,  his  plan 
to  crush  the  Union  forces  at  Fair  Oaks,  and  Seven  Pines,  his  attack  May  31st  1862 
bringing  on  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  23-24. 

K  Company  Roster,  220. 

Keyes,  Gen.  E.  D.,  his  references  to  the  61st  at  Fair  Oaks,  28-29. 

Kilpatrick's  Raid,  in  which  the  61st  took  part,  the  movements  described,  76. 

Koerner,  1st  Lieut.  Eugene  C.,  Co.  B.,  mortally  wounded  in  the  Wilderness,  87. 

Laughlin,  Lieut.  Wm.,  Co.  B.,  Killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  108. 

Lee,  Rebel  Gen.  Robert  E.,  commander  of  the  Confederate  forces  at  Fredericksburg, 
position  and  strength  of  his  army,  51;  at  Appomattox,  Apr.  9,  1865,  surrenders  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  to  Gen.  Grant,  130. 

Light  Division,  formed  Feb.  3,  1863,  to  which  the  61st  belonged,  the  selection 
being  a  compliment,  48;  discontinued  May  11,  1863,  58. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  frontispiece;  visited  the  Army  at  Harrison's  Landing,  his 
unique  appearance  and  great  popularity,  39 ;  issues  his  famous  Emancipation  Proclama 
tion,  visits  the  Army  after  Antietam,  43 ;  his  letter  appointing  Gen.  Hooker  to  command 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  49;  his  review  of  the  Army  in  front  of  Fredericksburg,  grotes- 


230  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

que  appearance,  sadness  of  expression,  49-50;  his  congratulations  to  Gen.  Sheridan 
Sept.  20,  1864,  110. 

Malvern  Hill,  battle  at,  experiences  of  the  61st,  its  losses,  35-40. 

Marye's  Heights,  captured  by  assault  May  3,  1863,  description  of  the  movement  of 
the  6th  corps,  55. 

Matthews,  Serg.  John  C.,  Co.  A,  bravery  in  rescuing  and  carrying  flags  in  the 
assault  at  Petersburg,  Apr.  2,  1865,  has  honorable  mention  in  the  report  of  division 
commander  and  recommendation  for  promotion,  holds  a  medal  of  honor,  134-135. 

Matthews,  Private  Milton,  Co.  C,  commended  for  bravery  at  Petersburg  by  the 
division  commander,  135. 

McClellan,  Gen.  Geo.  B.,  commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  17,  is  removed  as 
commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  estimate  of  him  by  the  soldiers,  43-44. 

McCoy,  S.  W.,  Co.  A,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  109. 

Mclntire,  H.,  killed  at  Fort  Stevens,   108. 

McGowan,  Rebel  Gen.  his  account  of  the  Bloody  Angle  fight,  94. 

McKnight,  Col.  A.  A.,  105th  P.  -V.,  13. 

Meade,  Gen.  Geo.  G.,  commanded  the  Union  Army  at  Gettysburg,  60;  his  general 
order  complimenting  the  6th  corps  for  its  brave  charge  at  Rappahannock  Station,  70; 
retains  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  under  Gen.  Grant,  80. 

Merrimac,  wrecks  produced  by,  battle  with  the  Monitor.  20. 

Miller,  Adj.  W.  Gibson,  detailed  to  bring  recruits  to  the  regiment,  44. 

Mine  Run,  campaign  of  and  battles,  74-75. 

Mitchell,  Private  Theodore,  recommended  for  medal  for  bravery  Apr.  2,  1865, 
at  Petersburg,  having  captured  a  battleflag,  135. 

Monitor,  "The  Cheesebox,"  battle  with  the  Merrimac,  20. 

Moore,  Alexander,  Co.  A.,  mortally  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  108. 

Moot,  Martin,  Co.  A,  volunteered  to  help  man  a  battery  at  Spottsylvania,  May 
12,  1864,  and  was  killed,  93. 

Moylan,  1st  Lieut.  Alfred,  Co.  I,  killed  at  Fair  Oaks   27. 

Mt.  Vernon,  marched  to  that  place  late  in  Autumn  of  1861,  15. 

Mud  March,  Jan.  1863,  experiences  of  the  61st  in,  47. 

Murdock,  Jas.  E.,  recites  "Sheridan's  Ride,"  Nov.  1,  1864,  at  Pike's  Opera  House, 
Cincinnati,  129. 

National  Cemetery  at  Antietam,  interments  at,  significance  of  numbers  compared  with 
the  killed,  41. 

Neill,  Gen.  Thos.  H.,  commands  the  brigade  to  which  the  61st  belonged  at  Gettys 
burg,  and  subsequently,  59-75. 

North  Anna  River,  positions  at,  description  of  that  part  of  Virginia  with  various 
creeks  and  rivers,  100-101. 

"Numbers  and  Losses  in  the  Civil  War,"  quotations  from  indicating  Fair  Oak's 
losses,  28. 

Ohio  Cavalry,  brave  charge  of  the  2nd  regiment  Sept.  19,  1864,  at  Opequon,  116 
Opequon,  battle  of,  Sept.  19,  1864,  positions  of  the  contending  forces,  115-118; 
Orr,  Capt.  Robert  L.,  afterwards  Col.,  commands  part  of  the  2nd  line  at  Fair  Oaks, 
25-26;  promoted  to  Major,  75;  wounded  in  charge  Apr.  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg,  his  gallant 
conduct  recognized  by  recommendation  for  promotion  to  Col.  135;  is  officially  com 
mended  by  the  division  commander,   135;  his  statement  concerning  the  flags  of  the 
regiment,  135;  his  detailed  description  of  the  charge  at  Petersburg,  Apr.  2,  1865,  135-140; 
his  address  at  Richmond,  May  30,  1884,  146;  his  picture  opposite  page,  154. 

Palfrey,  Gen.  F.  W.,  his  impressive  statement  concerning  the  Battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg,  45. 

Parsons,  Serg.  Oliver  A.,  afterwards  Major,  captured  at  Fair  Oaks  having  heard 
no  order  to  retire,  25;  his  description  of  the  killing  of  five  men  in  Company  D  by  the 
bursting  of  one  shell,  90;  recommended  for  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Major  by  the 
division  commander  for  great  gallantry  at  the  charge,  Apr.  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg,  135. 

Peninsula  of  Virginia,  description  of,   18;  historic  places  and  events,   18-19. 

Pennsylvania,  patriotism  of  the  people,  quotas  more  than  filled,  12. 

Petersburg,  Va.,  captured  by  the  Union  Army,  Apr.  3,  1865,  141. 

Philadelphia,  "The  City  of  Brotherly  Love,"  boundless  generosity  toward  the 
wounded  soldiers  from  Fair  Oaks,  31-32. 

Pickett,  Rebel  Gen.,  his  famous  charge  at  Gettysburg,  65-66. 

Pollock,  1st  Lieut.  John,  Co.  A.,  killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  27. 

Pond,  Geo.  E.,  description  of  Fort  Stevens'  fight,  108. 

Pope,  Gen.  John,  his  unsuccessful  campaign  and  defeat  at  Second  Bull  Run,  40-41. 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  231 

Porter,  Gen.  Horace,  his  graphic  description  of  the  Wilderness  battlefield,  79; 
his  description  of  the  Bloody  Angle  fight,  95. 

Price,  Lieut.  Isaac  N.,  mortally  wounded  at  Charlestown,  Aug.  21,   1864,   114. 

Prophater,  Lieut.  Jas.  W.,  Co.  C,  mortally  wounded  at  Spottsylvania,  98. 

Rappahannock  Station,  charge  of  the  6th  Corps  at,  and  capture  of  the  place, 
73-74;  number  of  prisoners,  74-75. 

Read,  T.  Buchanan,  author  of  the  poem  entitled  "Sheridan's  Ride,"  129. 

Redenbach,  Capt.  Lewis,  Co.  B,  mortally  wounded  while  in  command  of  the  61st 
at  Charlestown,  114. 

"Regimental  Losses,"  quotations  from  indicating  great  distinction  of  the  61st,  27. 

Rhodes,  Serg.,  afterwards  Capt.,  Sylvester  D.,  Co.  D,  awarded  medal  of  honor 
for  distinguished  gallantry  at  Fisher's  Hill,    118. 
Rigor  Mortis,  instances  of  at  Antietam,  42. 

Rippey,  Col.  Oliver  H.,  commissioned  July  24,  1861,  11 ;  his  services  in  the  Mexican 
war,  good  soldier,  patriot  citizen,  eloquent  speaker,  first  colonel  of  the  61st,  11-12;  his 
eloquent  speech  on  receiving  regimental  flag,  15;  his  picture  opposite  page  16;  killed  at 
Fair  Oaks,  27. 

Robinson,  Capt.  Wm.  O.  H.,  mortally  wounded  in  the  Wilderness,  87. 

Rowland,  Serg.  B.  F.,  Co.  A,  volunteered  to  help  man  a  battery  at  the  Bloody 
Angle,  May  12,  1864,  and  was  killed,  93. 

Ryan,  Serg.,  Co.  H,  detailed  to  proceed  to  Harrisburg  and  bring  recruits,  44. 

Scott,  1st.  Lieut.  Wm.,  Co.  B,  killed  at  Fair  Oaks,  27. 

Sedgwick,  Gen.  John,  took  command  of  the  6th  Corps,  Feb.  4,  1863,  48;  plans  and 
executes  successful  assault  on  Marye's  Heights,  53-54;  his  reference  to  the  gallantry  of 
the  61st,  55;  his  battle  at  Salem  Church  and  withdrawal  across  the  Rappahannock  in  the 
face  of  overwhelming  numbers,  55-56-57;  reference  to  march  of  his  corps  to  Gettysburg. 
61-62;  his  ride  along  the  line  of  the  6th  Corps  preparatory  to  the  night  attack,  89-90; 
was  killed  the  morning  of  May  9,  1864,  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  other  generals 
of  his  rank  killed  in  battles  during  war,  90. 

Seven  Days  Battle,  June  25th-July  1,  1862,  hard  experience  s  for  army,  33-36. 

Seven  Pines,  the  left  of  the  Union  position  at  Fair  Oaks,  24-25. 

Seville,  Serg.  Jos.  description  of  his  death  in  the  Wilderness,  82. 

Seward,  Secy,  of  State,  reviews  the  army  with  President  Lincoln  and  Gen.  Hooker, 
his  white  stockings,  49. 

Shaler,  Gen.  Alexander,  his  great  bravery  at  the  charge  on  Marye's  Heights,  54-55. 

Shenandoah,  Valley,  military  operations  in,  and  Union  defeats,   112. 

Sheridan,  Gen.  Philip  H.,  commander  of  Union  Cavalry,  displays  great  ability, 
103;  appointed  to  command  the  Shenandoah  Valley  forces,  his  brilliant  record  and 
great  talents,  111-112;  movements  of  his  army  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
is  attacked  by  the  enemy  Aug.  21,  1864,  114;  is  visited  by  Gen.  Grant  to  whom  he 
communicated  his  plans,  receiving  orders  to  "go  in,"  116;  at  Opequon,  his  first  battle  as 
an  independent  commander,  well  planned  and  victorious,  117-118;  wins  a  brilliant  vic 
tory  at  Fisher's  Hill,  moves  his  army  up  the  valley  after  Fisher's  Hill  to  Harrisburg, 
118;  his  army  retires  to  Cedar  Creek  having  a  cavalry  fight  at  Tom's  Brook,  118-119;  is 
ordered  to  Washington  for  conference  his  army  being  commanded  by  Gen.  Wright, 
120-121;  his  return  Oct.  18,  1864,  to  Winchester,  123;  his  ride  from  Winchester  to 
the  Cedar  Creek  battlefield,  marvelous  influence  over  the  troops,  Union  defeat  in  the 
morning  followed  by  victory  in  the  afternoon,  ride  along  the  Infantry  line  before  the 
attack  in  the  afternoon,  number  of  troops  in  the  afternoon  attack,  125-126-127;  his 
march  from  the  Shenandoah  Valley  to  Petersburg  in  March  1865  with  10,000  cavalry, 
132;  his  movements  against  the  right  of  the  Confederate  Army  and  victory  at  Five 
Forks,  Apr.  1,  1865,  his  part  in  the  campaign  in  pursuit  and  capture  of  the  Rebel  Army 
at  Appomattox,  132-143. 

"Sheridan's  Ride,"  poem  by  T.  Buchanan  Read,  129. 

Sherman,  General  W.  T.,  driving  the  Rebels  in  North  Carolina  toward  Petersburg, 
131. 

Sixth  Corps,  On  Sept.  26,  1862,  the  61st  with  Cochrane's  Brigade,  Couch's  Divi 
sion,  became  a  part  of  the  celebrated  organization  remaining  with  it,  until  the  war  ended, 
42;  its  separate  battles  at  Marye's  Heights  and  Salem  Church,  53;  its  losses  in  two 
battles,  57;  its  night  march  of  34  miles  from  Manchester  to  Gettysburg,  July  lst-2nd, 
1863,  61-63;  its  numbers  and  composition  at  Gettysburg,  62;  incidents  and  hardships 
of  the  march,  62-63;  insufficient  water  on  the  line  of  march,  its  arrival  on  the  Gettysburg 
battlefield,  its  part  in  the  battle  and  various  positions  along  the  line,  62-63-64;  refer 
ences  to  its  separate  movements  and  distinguished  services,  71;  the  troops  composing  it 
May  1,  1864,  81;  its  support  of  the  2d  Corps  at  the  Bloody  Angle  May  12,  1864,  incom 
parable  bravery  of  the  men,  92;  3rd  division  sent  to  Baltimore,  1st  and  2nd  divisions  go 
to  Washington,  105;  its  fight  at  Fort  Stevens,  Washington,  with  President  Lincoln  a 


232  SIXTY-FIRST    REGIMENT 

spectator,  105-106-107;  pursues  the  defeated  rebels  after  Fort  Stevens,  various  trying 
marches  and  counter-marches  in  the  hottest  weather,  110-111;  its  unrivalled  battle 
at  Cedar  Creek,  Oct.  19,  1864,  122-129;  its  charge  Apr.  2,  1865,  on  the  rebel  works  at 
Petersburg,  description  of  the  movement  by  Gen.  Wright,  133-134;  its  losses  in  fifteen 
minutes  in  the  charge  Apr.  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg,  141. 

Sixty-first  Regiment,  Roster  of  field  and  staff,  159;  regiment  recruited  in  August 
1861,  B,  C,  E,  F  and  K  in  Pittsburgh,  A  in  Indiana  County,  the  regiment  left  Pittsburgh, 
Sept.  1,  1861,  going  to  Washington  by  way  by  way  of  Harrisburg  and  Baltimore,  camped 
on  Capitol  Hill  in  Washington  receiving  arms  and  uniforms,  visited  informally  by  Gen. 
Scott,  experiences  of  new  soldiers  in  Washington,  12;  first  marches  from  Capitol  Hill 
to"  Alexandria,  list  of  field  officers  of  the  first  brigade  to  which  the  regiment  belonged, 
character  of  the  men,  13;  its  consolidation  with  the  23rd  P.  V.,  arrangement  mutually 
satisfactory,  16,  assigned  to  Graham's  Brigade,  Couch's  Division,  Keys'  Corps,  17; 
its  march  from  Hampton  to  Yorktown,  21-22;  experiences  in  the  siege,  moves  to 
Williamsburg,  May  4th-5th,  1862,  battle  at  the  latter  place,  22-23;  its  great  battle 
at  Fair  Oaks,  its  position,  "A  Forlorn  Hope,"  Col.  Rippey  killed,  Lieut. -Col.  Spear 
wounded,  Maj.  Smith  captured,  the  regiment  without  field  officers  maintains  struggle, 
24-25-26;  its  losses  at  Fair  Oaks,  27-30;  its  renown  gained  at  Fair  Oaks,  30;  Exper 
iences  in  the  Seven  Days  fight,  33-36 ;  Malvern  Hill,  35-40  ;Harrison's  Landing,  39;  some 
companies  held  election  of  officers  to  fill  vacancies,  1st  Serg.  F.  M.  Brown,  being  elected 
and  Corporal  Isaac  N.  Price  2nd  Lieut,  of  Co.  A,  both  being  fine  officers,  the  former 
1st  Lieut.,  killed  in  the  Wilderness  and  the  latter  at  Charlestown,  help  to  fortify  at 
Harrison's  Landing,  39-40;  its  movement  from  Harrison's  Landing  to  Yorktown,  thence 
by  water  to  Alexandria,  39-40;  its  march  out  to  Centerville  and  other  points  with  the 
Army  to  reinforce  the  returning  troops  of  Gen.  Pope,  40-41 ;  its  return  to  Alexandria 
and  march  to  Antietam,  being  in  Gen.  John  Cochran's  Brigade  of  Couch's  Division, 
the  regiment  at  Antietam,  41;  after  Antietam  moved  to  Sharpsburg  and  Williamsport, 
engaged  at  the  latter  place  and  losses,  42-43 ;  its  march  up  the  Potomac  to  Clear  Springs 
and  Hancock,  43 ;  the  march  from  Downsville  to  Thoroughfare  Gap,  43 ;  its  march  to  the 
Rappahannock  River  opposite  Fredericksburg  and  experiences  in  the  battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg,  December  12th-13th,  1862,  45-48 ;  its  losses  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  46 ; 
its  experiences  in  the  Mud  March,  47;  its  non-commissioned  officers  receiving  appoint 
ments  on  parchment  at  Belle  Plains  in  1863,  48;  has  ranks  recruited  and  is  in  fine  spirits 
in  the  Spring  of  1863,  50;  its  distinguished  part  in  the  charge  on  Marye's  Heights,  May 
3,  1863,  53-54-55;  losses  of  the  61st  at  Marye's  Heights,  57;  returns  after  Marye's 
Heights  and  Salem  Church  battles  to  its  former  camp  at  White  Oak  Church,  58;  its 
part  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  four  separate  positions  occupied  by  it  in  the  line, 
the  last  being  Wolf's  Hill,  64;  itspursuit  of  the  enemy  July  5,  1863,  with  its  brigade,  its 
march  diagonally  across  the  battlefield  from  Wolf's  Hill,  scenes  at  the  Wheatfield  and 
other  points,  is  in  the  front  lines  of  pursuit  until  the  Rebels  crossed  the  Potomac  July 
12th-13th,  1863,  69;  returns  after  the  Gettsyburg  campaign  to  Virginia  with  the  6th 
Corps  and  incidents  of  the  march,  70-71;  its  experiences  on  the  Rapidan  River  in  Oct. 
1863,  72;  its  march  with  the  Army  back  to  Centerville,  its  marches  and  counter-marches 
through  that  part  of  Virginia  with  the  Army,  72-73  74;  strips  in  zero  weather  for  charge 
at  Mine  Run,  75;  promotions  and  changes  in  field  officers,  75;  its  part  in  Kilpatrick's 
Raid,  76;  its  winter  quarters  and  experiences  1863-4,  at  Brandy  Station  and  in  that 
vicinity,  76-77;  its  march  from  Brandy  Station  to  the  Wilderness  May  4,  1864.  and 
hard  experiences  in  that  battle,  81-98;  its  position  and  part  in  the  battle  May  5,  1864, 
being  with  Neill's  Brigade  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  Union  line,  sanguinary  fighting 
with  heavy  losses,  incidents  of  the  conflict,  82;  the  men  of  fired  one  hundred  rounds 
apiece  May  5,  1864,  in  the  Wilderness,  82;  its  losses  in  the  Wilderness,  82-83-84;  its 
fight  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House  May  8th,  9th,  1864,  89-90;  its  part  in  the  Bloody 
Angle  fight  at  Spottsylvania,  May  12,  1864,  92-93;  various  descriptions  of  that  figh  , 
93-94-95;  movements  against  the  rebels  after  they  left  the  Bloody  Angle,  illustrative 
incidents  on  the  lines,  96-97;  its  enormous  losses  at  Spottsylvania,  only  fifteen  regiments 
in  the  Army  lost  as  many  men;  98,  its  marches  by  way  of  North  Anna  and  other  points 
to  Cold  Harbor,  severe  trials,  101-102;  its  losses  at  Cold  Harbor,  103;  its  march  across 
the  James  River  to  Petersburg,  103-104-105;  its  services  at  Petersburg  June  18,  1864, 
104-105;  its  notable  part  in  the  battle  of  Fort  Stevens  as  one  of  the  assaulting  regiments 
driving  the  enemy  away,  106;  its  losses  at  Fort  Stevens,  108;  list  of  officers  and  men 
killed  at  Fort  Stevens,  108-109;  its  experiences  after  the  battle  of  Fort  Stevens  in  hot 
and  apparently  aimless  marches  in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  110-111 ;  its  fight  at  Charles- 
town,  Aug.  21,  1864,  its  losses,  114;  members  whose  term  expired  and  who  did  not  re- 
inlist  left  the  Army  Sept.  3,  1864,  115;  description  of  the  marches  of  retiring  men  to 
the  rear,  115;  the  regiment  reduced  to  a  battalion  under  command  of  Capt.  Chas.  S. 
Greene,  movements  of  the  regiment  until  Sept.  19,  1864,  115-116;  its  part  in  the  battle 
of  Opequon  and  losses,  118;  its  rough  experiences  at  Cedar  Creek,  is  commanded 
first  by  Capt.  Taylor,  killed,  second  by  Capt.  John  Barrett,  Co.  G,  killed,  the  command 


PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS  233 

then  devolving  upon  2nd  Lieut.  John  W.  McClay,  Co.  C,  wounded,  the  command  then 
devolving  on  2nd  Lieut.  Chas.  H.Bewley,  the  only  remaining  commissioned  officer  in 
the  regiment,  losses  of  the  61st  at  Cedar  Creek,  129;  received  180  recruits  after  the 
battle  at  Cedar  Creek,  raising  the  battalion  to  seven  companies,  130;  returned  to  Peters 
burg,  experiences  during  the  winter  of  1864-5,  on  Mar.  2,  1865,  received  300  recruits 
from  Allegheny  County  forming  three  new  companies,  H.I.  and  K,  making  full  regiment, 
131;  battle  at  Petersburg,  Mar.  25,  1865,  the  61st  having  four  killed,  fourteen  wounded, 
131;  its  thrilling  part  in  the  charge  Apr.  2,  1865,  at  Petersburg,  134-135,  its  losses  in 
Petersburg  charge  134;  its  part  in  the  Appomattox  campaign,  Apr.  3rd-6th,  1865,  rapid 
marches  in  the  mud  to  final  victory,  its  honor  in  being  selected  to  present  to  Gen.  Meade 
the  flags  captured  by  the  6th  Corps,  complimentary  address  of  Gen.  Meade  to  the 
regiment,  144-145;  movements  of  the  61st  after  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  ultimate 
arrival  in  Washington,  June  2,  1865,  is  mustered  out  June  28,  1865,  list  of  field  officers 
then  present,  145;  ignorant  of  its  own  fame  until  May  1888  when  its  official  record 
was  first  published,  146;  its  standing  among  the  2000  regiments  in  the  Union  Army 
being  No.  1  in  officers  killed  in  battle,  No.  11,  in  greatest  loss  in  any  one  battle,  No.  15,  in 
greatest  aggregate  killed  during  the  war,  No.  16  in  greatest  loss  at  Spotteylvania,  147; 
astonishing  number  of  officers  killed  or  mortally  wounded  while  leading  the  regiment 
in  battle,  no  less  than  12  appearing  in  the  list,  147;  motto  of  each  commander  was 
"Come  On  Boys,"  147;  list  of  officers  killed  or  mortally  wounded  in  battle,  148;  killed 
and  wounded  in  each  company,  149;  total  number  of  men  in  the  regiment,  149;  losses 
of  the  regiment  by  deaths  from  every  cause,  total  being  over  1000,  necessary  absence 
of  official  figures  from  Adjutant  General's  office  at  Washington,  150;  reunion  of  the 
regiment  at  Fair  Oaks,  1884,  list  of  soldiers  present,  151-152;  at  Spottsylvania,  May 
12,  1887,  Sedgwick's  monument,  153-154-155;  at  Gettysburg  July  24,  1888,  dedication 
of  regimental  monument,  inscriptions,  155-156;  list  of  members  of  the  61st  receiving 
honors,  156;  at  Pittsburgh,  Jan.  16,  1908,  regimental  organization,  list  of  officers,  157; 
history  of  its  flags  and  some  inscriptions  thereon,  lost  no  flags  but  captured  several, 
performed  every  assigned  duty,  157-158. 

Smith,  Maj.  Geo.  F.,  16;  displayed  great    ourage  in  the  Wilderness  battle,  82. 

Sobbee,  Walter,  Co.  G,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  109. 

Spear,  Col.,  Geo.  C.,  16;  killed  at  charge  on  Marye's  Heights  May  3rd,  1863,  a 
brave  and  efficient  officer,  54-55;  his  picture  opposite  page,  50; 

Spottsylvania  Court  House,  battles  at  89-98;  hard  fighting  at  on  May  10,  1864,  91. 

Stanley,  Wm.  H.,  Co.  A,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  109. 

Stewart,  John,  Co.  A,  volunteered  at  the  Bloody  Angle  to  help  man  a  battery 
receiving  five  wounds,  93. 

Stevens,  Historian  of  the  6th  Corps,  his  description  of  that  corps  at  Gettysburg,  63 ; 
his  description  of  Cedar  Creek  battle  and  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Sheridan,  125-127-128. 

Sumner,  Gen.,  his  timely  arrival  and  bravery  at  Fair  Oaks,  26-27. 

Taylor,  Capt.  David  J.,  Co.  D,  assumed  command  of  the  61st  after  the  wounding 
of  Capt.  Greene,  118;  Killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  128. 

Tom's  Brook,  "Woodstock  Races,"  cavalry  fight  at  with  infantry  as  spectato  s, 
119. 

Union  and  Confederate  losses  at  Malvern  Hill  and  in  the  Seven  Days'  battles, 
38-39. 

Union  Armies  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  in  the  spring  of  1865,  132. 

Upton,  Col.  Emory,  his  famous  charge  and  promotion  to  Brig. -Gen.  on  the  spot,  91. 

Vermont  Brigade,  affectionate  devotion  of  the  61st  for  that  heroic  organization, 
70-71;  the  "Green  Mountain  Boys,"  dealing  with  rioters,  71. 

Virginia,  description  of  that  part  of  the  state  between  the  Rapidan  and  the  James 
Rivers,  77. 

Wade,  Miss  Jennie,  her  death  at  Gettysburg  battle  while  making  bread  for  the 
soldiers,  her  burial  by  the  Women's  Relief  Corps,  67-68. 

Walker,  James  M.,  information  from  his  diary,  its  accuracy,  27;  his  description  of 
the  Mud  March  and  bridge  made  of  dead  mules,  47;  incidents  described  by  him  in  the 
pursuit  of  the  rebels  after  Gettysburg,  69;  quotations  from  his  diary  about  the  battle 
at  Charlestown,  114. 

Washington  city,  the  61st  camped  there  on  Capitol  Hill,  11-12. 

Washington,  Geo.,  ready  to  volunteer,   11. 

Waynesboro,  generosity  of  her  people  to  the  victorious  Union  Army  after  Gettys 
burg.  69. 

Webb,  Gen.  his  statement  regarding  Fair  Oaks,  29. 

Wheatfield,  at  Gettysburg,  scene  of  terrific  fighting,  68. 


234  57  XT  Y-FIR  S  T    REG  I  ME  NT 

White  House,  on  the  Pumunkey  River,  wounded  from  Fair  Oaks  shipped  by  water 
from,  steamer  Louisana  with  wounded  lands  in  Philadelphia  June  12,  1862,  generosity 
and  sympathy  of  that  city,  thousands  of  people  gather  at  the  wharf  to  render  aid, 
uncovering  as  the  wounded  are  carried  by,  30-31-32. 

White  Oak  Tree,  cut  off  by  musket  balls  at  the  Bloody  Angle,  94-95. 

Wilderness,  battle  of,  81;  description  of  the  region,  82-83. 

Williamsburg,  battle  of,  the  61st  arrives  on  ths  field,  22-23-24. 

Williamsport,  engagement  of  the  61st  at,  42-43. 

Wilson,  Adj.  G  o.  W.,  killed  in  the  night  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  89. 

Wise,  Henry  W.,  Co.  I.,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  109. 

Wolf's  Hill,  left  of  the  Union  line  at  Gettysburg,  occupied  by  the  61st  with 
other  troops,  64. 

Work,  Calvin,  Co.  C.,  volunteered  to  help  man  a  battery  at  Bloody  Angle,  May  12, 
1864,  and  was  killed,  93. 

Work,  J.  Harvey,  Co.  A,  wounded  at  Fort  Stevens,  109. 

Wright,  Gen.  Horatio  G.,  commanded  first  division  6th  Corps  at  Gettysburg,  his 
reference  to  the  engagement,  63;  on  the  death  of  Sedgwick,  May  9,  1864,  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  the  6th  Corps,  91 ;  his  description  of  Pres.  Lincoln  under  fire  at  Fort 
Stevens,  99;  commends  bravery  of  the  troops  in  the  fight  at  Charlestown,  114. 


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